专业八级-278 (1)及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-278 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Introduction Linguistics has both practical and philosophical motivations. So both the first and second editions of this text were directed toward students of 1 _ many 1 _. This third edition continues and further develops this a

2、pproach. We have aimed to dispel a number of myths about language and to discuss the various aspects of language from both an 2 _ and current 2 _ point of view. Part one is “The Nature of Human Language. “Then we discuss speech sounds or 3 _ and includes a passage on machines 3 _ that “talkand “unde

3、rstand“. On phonology we demonstrate how sounds form 4 _. Because 4 _ of this, written forms of language are very late in the history of human language. Then we discuss other 5 _ aspects of language how words 5 _ are formed; what words, phrases, and sentences mean; and how words are put together to

4、form sentences. Morphology, semantics, syntax are very im- sortant in our discussion and take an important role. In “Social Aspects of Language, “we consider language in 6 _ 6 _ md how languages change over time. In “The 7 _. Aspects of Lan- 7 _ guage, “we talk about child language, animal communica

5、tion systems and 8 _ 9rain 8 _ underlying language knowledge and use. Also, the 9 _ languages of the deaf are discussed in greater 9 _ detail. The newest findings on whether chimpanzees and gorillas can learn language are presented. In every lesson the 10 _ underlying the 10 _ diersity of phenomena

6、observed in human language are highlighted.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Why did Mr. Green have a terrible fuel bill last winter?（分数：1.00）A.Because his wife overheated the house.B.Because his mother overheated the hou

7、se.C.Because his wifes mother overheated the house.D.Because he overheated the house.(2).In fact, people will feel very comfortable if the temperature in winter is _.（分数：1.00）A.70FB.80FC.75FD.65F(3).Whats the most popular heating system according to the engineer?（分数：1.00）A.Every room has a heater.B.

8、The Central room has a heater.C.A heat chamber heats air and passes the warm air through ducts and openings into rooms.D.The rooms are installed with blowers or convection.(4).Whats the shortcoming of the small individual air conditioners?（分数：1.00）A.Its too cold for people to adapt themselves to the

9、 temperature.B.The temperature of the rooms is uncomfortable.C.The temperature of the rooms is quite uneven.D.Its difficult to install them in the rooms.(5).Its important to have vapor seals on the warm side to _.（分数：1.00）A.avoid gas when the air coolsB.avoid mist when the air coolsC.avoid rapor whe

10、n the air coolsD.avoid moisture when the air cools三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).Whats happening?（分数：1.00）A.A revolutionary NASA jet was destroyed in its first flight.B.A booster rocket veered out of control and tumbled to the ground.C.A booster rocket was destroyed after it fulfilled the task.D.A

11、 revolutionary NASA jet was destroyed after many flights.(2).Whats the commission of the X-43A prototype?（分数：1.00）A.To revolutionize research and develop speed.B.To revolutionize travel and shatter speed records.C.To revolutionize flight and explore outer space.D.To revolutionize exploration and inc

12、rease experience.I Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following news from the VOA. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news./I（分数：3.00）(1).Wahid wanted to fire _.（分数：1.00）A.a cabinet memberB.the national police chiefC.a lawmakerD.a Mus

13、lim scholar(2).Some senior legislators accused Wahid of _.（分数：1.00）A.violating the congress by embazzlementB.violating the constitution by hiring the chief without consulting congressC.violating the congress by firing the chief without consulting lawmakersD.vi6iating the constitution by firing the c

14、hief without consulting parliament(3).When did Wahid claim to fire Bimantoro?（分数：1.00）A.On Friday.B.On Saturday.C.On Thursday.D.On Wednesday.四、BPART READING (总题数：5，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BI want to make use of this short gathering to make clear our working requirement. This is a big company, and all clerk

15、s should know how to produce good effects, of course, including me, manager-in-chief.Everyone here, I think, must know how to distinguish the right from the wrong. But it is not enough to know what is right and what is wrong. One must also be able to apply this knowledge to actual, concrete situatio

16、ns. For that, the virtue of prudence is essential.St Thomas Aquinas referred to prudence as the “rudder virtue“, the one that “steers the others. Without it, we are like someone adrift in a boat, tossed in this direction or that by the wind, the waves, and the current. Unfortunately, the virtue of p

17、rudence has too often been confused with caution. Thus, the “prudent” person is one who never “rocks the boat“ and is especially careful to avoid offending those who are in a position to advance their interests-or to thwart them.The word that actually comes closest to functioning as a synonym for pr

18、udence is “discernment“. The prudent person is one who can “size up“ a situation and decide, or discern, what is the wisest and most moral course of action to take.Accordingly, prudence doesnt answer the question, “What is the right thing in principle to do?“Rather, “What is the right thing for me (

19、Or for us) to do in this situation?“The prudent person fully examines a situation and seeks advice from others, (Reaching out to others for counsel before acting is one of the classic marks of a prudent person.) A judgement is made in the light of this examination and advice, and then a decision is

20、made.The exercise of prudence presupposes that the person knows the relevant moral principles, has a fund of experience from which to draw, has the ability to make the best use of the experience, and has a capacity to learn from others (which means a capacity to listen attentively to what others are

21、 saying). The prudent person can also recognise the implications of a given situation and of a line of action to be taken under the circumstances. The prudent person has the Vision and foresight to anticipate obstacles and to plan to surmount them.In the final analysis, the prudent person has the ab

22、ility to take every relevant factor and circumstance into account and then to make a moral decision in light of it all. So, I hope we can try to be a prudent person and apply this virtue of prudence to our work, and do better and achieve more in our work.（分数：5.00）(1).The anther is _.（分数：1.00）A.talki

23、ng about the importance of prudence.B.talking about the necessity of caution.C.talking about the significance of discernment.D.trying to inform of how to distinguish the right from the wrong.(2).According to St Thomas Aquinas prudence is not _.（分数：1.00）A.the rudder virtue.B.steering the others.C.the

24、 virtue without which people are like someone adrift in a boat, tossed in this direction or that by the wind, the waves, and the current.D.the virtue to rock the boat.(3).In this passage which word can function as a synonym for “discernment“?（分数：1.00）A.Caution.B.Prudence.C.Cleverness.D.Perception.(4

25、).What is one of the claasic marks of a prudent person?（分数：1.00）A.Fully examining a situation.B.Seeking help from others.C.Reaching out to others for counsel before acting.D.Making a judgement very slowly;(5).“size up“ in the talk means _.（分数：1.00）A.make a correct measure ofB.make a considered estim

26、ate ofC.make a beautiful design ofD.make a quick understanding ofBTEXT B/BThe sea lay like an unbroken mirror all around the pine - girt, lonely shores of Orrs Island. Tall, kingly spruces wore their regal crowns of cones high in air, sparkling with diamonds of clear exuded gum; vast old hemlocks of

27、 primeval growth stood darkling in their forest shadows, their branches hung with long hoary moss; while feathery larches, turned to brilliant gold by autumn frosts, lighted up the darker shadows of the evergreens. It was one of those hazy, calm, dissolving days of Indian summer, when everything is

28、so quiet that the faintest kiss of the wave on the beach can be heard, and white clouds seem to faint into the blue of the sky, and soft swathing bands of violet vapor make all earth look dreamy, and give to the sharp, clear - cut outlines of the northern landscape all those mysteries of light and s

29、hade which impart such tenderness to Italian scenery.The funeral was over, -the tread of many feet, bearing the heavy burden of two broken lives, had been to the lonely graveyard, and had come back again, - each footstep lighter and more unconstrained as each one went his way from the great old trag

30、edy of Death to the common cheerful of Life.The solemn black clock stood swaying with its eternal “tick - tock, tick - rock,“ in the kitchen of the brown house on Orrs Island. There was there that sense of a stillness that can be felt, - such as settles down on a dwelling when any of its inmates hav

31、e passed through its doors for the last time, to go whence they shall not return. The best room was shut up and darkened, with only so much light as could fall through a little heart - shaped hole in the window - shutter, - for except on solemn visits, or prayer - meetings or weddings, or funerals,

32、that room formed no part of the daily family scenery.The kitchen was clean and ample, with a great open fireplace and wide stone hearth, and oven on one side, and rows of old - fashioned splint - bottomed chairs against the wall. A table scoured to snowy white-ness, and a little work - stand whereon

33、 lay the Bible, the Mixssionary Herald, and the Weekly Christian Mirror, before named, formed the principal furniture. One feature, however, must not be forgotten, - a great sea-chest, which had been the companion of Zephaniah through all the countries of the earth. Old, and battered, and unsightly

34、it looked, yet report said that there was good store within of that which men for the most part respect more than anything else; and, indeed, it proved often when a deed of grace was to be done - when a woman was suddenly made a widow in a coast gale, or a fishing-smack Was run down in the fogs off

35、the banks, leaving in some neighboring cottage a family of orphans, - in all such cases, the opening of this sea-chest was an event of good omen to the bereaved; for Zephaniah had a large heart and a large hand, and was apt to take it out full of silver dollars when once it went in. So the ark of th

36、e covenant could not have been looked on with more reverence than the neighbors usually showed to Captain Pennels sea-chest.（分数：5.00）(1).The author describes Orrs Island in a (n) _ manner.（分数：1.00）A.emotionally appealing, imaginativeB.rational, logically preciseC.factually detailed, objectiveD.vague

37、, uncertain(2).According to the passage, the “best room“ _.（分数：1.00）A.has its many windows boarded up.B.has had the furniture removed.C.is used only on formal and ceremonious occasions.D.is the busiest room in the house.(3).From the description of the kitchen we can infer that the house belongs to p

38、eople who _.（分数：1.00）A.never have guests.B.like modern appliances.C.are probably religious.D.dislike housework.(4).The passage implies that _.（分数：1.00）A.few people attended the funeral.B.fishing is a secure vocation.C.the island is densely populated.D.the house belonged to the deceased.(5).From the

39、description of Zephaniah we can tell that he _.（分数：1.00）A.was physically a very big man.B.preferred the lonely life of a sailor.C.always stayed at home.D.was frugal and saved a lot of money.BTEXT C/BJames MichenerIn his long writing life, James Michener aimed to donate at least 90 percent of what he

40、 earned from his 43 novels. He seems to have more than made his goal; at his death, in October 1997, his assets were estimated at less than US $ 10 million. He had given away US $ 117 million.Michener makes a good example for other philanthropists, not just in how much he gave, but in his style of g

41、iving. The writer worked hard at doing good, following up his donations to see how the money was used. He gave to things for which he had a passion, and he had a lot of fun in doing so.Michener was 90, when he died. He was on Fortune magazines list of Americas top 25 philanthropists-the only writer

42、in a crowd of tycoons. Asked, shortly before his death, whether he ever wished he had his millions back, he said sure, so that he should have the pleasure of giving them away again.Too often, says Nelson Aldrich, editor of The American Benefactor, a magazine about philanthropists, the rich give with

43、out much imagination. “They give to the college they went to, and the hospital where theyll die,“ says. “And most of the rich are stingy; few give even as much as 10 percent, the traditional title. They hold on to the myth of not darkness capital.“Michener did, in fact, give to his college - US $ 7.

44、2 million to Swarthmore, in Pennsylvania. He called it a repayment for the US $ 2,000 basketball scholarship they gave him in 1925. As he wrote to the college president in 1969,“ Coming as I did from a family with no income at all, and with no prospects whatever, college was the narrow door that led

45、 from darkness into light.“His will leaves almost everything to Swarthmore, including fire, re royalties from his books. Michener always described himself as a founding, beta in New York City and raised by Mabel Michener, a Quaker widow, in Doylestown, Pennsylvania. She lived, he said, by taking in

46、other peoples children and other peoples laundry. For his last 15 years, Michener lived modestly in Austin, Texas, where he has moved to write the 1,000 - page saga Texas. Each of his big best sellers, including Texas, Hawaii and Covenant made about US $ 5million. And there were 20 of them. Whats mo

47、re, he still collected royalties from the musical and movie South Pacific, which was inspired by his first book, Tales of the South Pacific, written when he was 40.Frail from kidney disease in his last years, Michener was pretty much confined to a reclining chair in a small study, simply decorated.

48、There were few personal possessions besides some photos of himself and his last wife, and as unframed faded poster of Tahiti.A source of pleasure and company in those years was the Texas Centre for Writers. His largest gift, to-tailing US $ 64.2 million, went to the University of Texas, with US $ 18 million going to found and support the writerscentre. He got a lot back, he said-“ You meet bright people, you can consult with anybo