职称英语综合类C级真题2013年及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语综合类 C 级真题 2013 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(第 115 题，每题 1(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.It seems （incredible） that he had been there a week already. （分数：1.00）A.rightB.obviousC.unclearD.unbelievable2.We found （shelter） from the rain under the tree. （分数：1.00）A.defenseB.protectionC.standingD.room3

2、.The （frame） needs to be strong enough to support the engine. （分数：1.00）A.structureB.bottomC.surfaceD.top4.The （odd） thing was that he didnt recognize me. （分数：1.00）A.realB.wholeC.sameD.strange5.The performance was （pretty） impressive. （分数：1.00）A.completelyB.veryC.beautifullyD.equally6.I tried to （det

3、ach） myself from the reality of these terrible events. （分数：1.00）A.bringB.separateC.putD.set7.I have little information （as regards） her fitness for the post. （分数：1.00）A.atB.withC.fromD.about8.I （grabbed） his arm and made him turn to look at me. （分数：1.00）A.threwB.seizedC.brokeD.stretched9.He was （tem

4、pted） by the high salary offered by the company. （分数：1.00）A.taughtB.attractedC.keptD.changed10.This was an unexceptionally （brutal） attack. （分数：1.00）A.cruelB.openC.suddenD.direct11.“There is no other choice,” she said in a （harsh） voice. （分数：1.00）A.firmB.softC.deepD.unkind12.She （came across） three

5、children sleeping under a bridge. （分数：1.00）A.passed byB.took a notice ofC.woke upD.found by chance13.Traffic reaches its （rush hour） between 8:00 and 9:00 in the morning. （分数：1.00）A.borderB.goalC.levelD.peak14.We have to change the publics （perception） that money is everything. （分数：1.00）A.sightB.bel

6、iefC.interestD.pressure15.She gets （aggressive） when she is drunk. （分数：1.00）A.worriedB.sleepyC.offensiveD.anxious二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(第 1622 题，每题(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Kicking the Habit What is a bad habit? The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly, almost without thinking about it, a

7、nd which has some sort of negative consequence. This consequence could affect those around us, or it could affect us personally. Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad habits are part of what makes us human. Many early habits, like sucking our thumb, are broken when we are very you

8、ng. We are either told to stop doing it by our parents, or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same habit, and we gradually grow out of it. It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a p

9、roblem. Unless we can break that habit early on, it becomes “programmed” into our brain. A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits, it is the old ways that tend to win, especially in situations where we are rushed, stressed or overworked. Habits that

10、 we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back. During the study programme, the researchers showed a group of volunteers several pictures, and gave them words to associate with them. They then showed the volunteers the same pictures again, and gave them new words to associate with them. A few

11、days later, the volunteers were given a test. The researchers showed them the pictures, and told them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one. It came as no surprise that their answers were split between the first set of words and the second. Two weeks later, they were give

12、n the same test again. This time, most of them only gave the first set of words. They appeared to have completely forgotten the second set. The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time. We may try to change our ways, but after a while, the response t

13、hat comes to mind first is usually the first one we learned. The more that response is used, the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond in any other way. The study therefore suggests that over time, our bad habits also become automatic, learned behaviour. This is not good new

14、s for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break them. Even when we try to put new, good intentions into practice, those previously learned habits remain stronger in more automatic, unconscious forms of memory.（分数：7.00）(1).Boys usually develop bad habits when they

15、are very young.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).We can only break bad habits if others tell us to do so.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Bad habits may resume when we are under pressure.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Researchers were surprised by the answers that the vol

16、unteers gave in the first test.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The volunteers found the test more difficult when they did it the second time.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The study suggests that it is more difficult to respond to what we learn first.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not

17、 mentioned(7).If we develop bad habits early in life, they are harder to get rid of.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(第 233(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Pedestrians Only 1. The concept of traffic-free shopping areas goes back a long time. During the Middle Ages, traffic-free shopping areas w

18、ere built in Middle Eastern countries to allow people to shop in comfort and, more importantly, safely. As far back as 2,000 years ago, road traffic was banned from central Rome during the day to allow for the free movement of the pedestrians, and was only allowed in at night when shops and markets

19、had closed for the day. In most other cities, however, pedestrians were forced to share the streets with horses, coaches and, later, with cars and other motorized vehicles. 2. The modern, traffic-free shopping street was born in Europe in the 1960s, when both city populations and car ownership incre

20、ase rapidly. Dirty gases from cars and the risks involved in crossing the road were beginning to make shopping an unpleasant and dangerous experience. Many believed the time was right for experimenting with car-free streets, and shopping areas seemed the best place to start. 3. At first, there was r

21、esistance from shopkeepers. They believed that such a move would be bad for business. They argued that people would avoided streets if they were unable to get to them in their cars. When the first streets in Europe were closed to traffic, there were even noisy demonstrations, as many shopkeepers pre

22、dicted they would lose customers. 4. However, research carried out afterwards in several European cities revealed some unexpected statistics. In Munich, Cologne and Hamburg, visitors to shopping areas increased by 50 percent. On Copenhagens main shopping street, shopkeepers reported sales increases

23、of 25-40 percent. Shopkeepers in Minneapolis, the USA, were so impressed when they learnt this that they even offered to pay for the construction and maintenance costs of their own traffic-free streets. With the arrival of the traffic-free streets, many shops, especially those selling things like cl

24、othes, food and smaller luxury items, prospered. Unfortunately, it isnt good news for everyone, as shops selling furniture and larger electrical appliances who actually saw their sales drop. Many of these were forced to move elsewhere, away from the city centre.（分数：8.00）(1).A. Facing protest from sh

25、op owners B. An experiment that went wrong C. Increase in sales and customers D. Popularity of online shopping E. A need for change F. An idea from ancient history Paragraph 1：（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(2).Paragraph 2：（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(3).Paragraph 3：（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).Paragraph 4：（分数：1.00）A.B.

26、C.D.E.F.(5).A. furniture sellers B. a bad experience C. Middle Eastern countries D. customers E. North America F. pedestrians Traffic-free shopping streets first developed in _.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(6).In the 1960s, dirty gases from cars made shopping _.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(7).Shopkeepers mistakenl

27、y believed that car-free streets would keep away _.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(8).The arrival of the traffic-free shopping street made many _ lost their business.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(第 3145 题，每题(总题数：3，分数：45.00)第一篇 An Expensive Mistake Is there water on the planet Mars? Is there life on Mars?

28、 Was there ever life on Mars? Scientists from NASA wanted to know the answers to these questions. They built a spacecraft to travel around Mars and get information. The spacecraft was called the Mars Climate Orbiter. The Mars Climate Orbiter left for Mars on December 1998. The trip took nine and a h

29、alf months. At first, everything was fine. However, when the Orbiter got near Mars, something terrible happened. The spacecraft didnt go to the right place. It went too close to Mars. It was too hot for the Orbiter there. The spacecraft couldnt function correctly. Suddenly, it stopped sending messag

30、es to NASA. The Orbiter was lost. How could this terrible thing happen? How did the Orbiter get closer to Mars than the scientists planned? Finally, they found the answer. Two teams of scientists worked together on the Orbiter. One team was in England, and one team was in the United States. There we

31、re many similarities in the way they worked, but there was one important difference: The teams used different guidelines for measuring things. The United States team used the metric system (公制). The other team used the English system. Because they used different systems, the scientists made a mathem

32、atical mistake. The Orbiters orbit (the shape and pattern of its path) around Mars was not correct. The scientists put the Orbiter on the wrong path. The Orbiter got too close and too hot, and it stopped functioning. Why didnt anybody see the mistake before it was too late? Many things contributed t

33、o the problem. One thing was that NASA scientists and mathematicians were working on two other spacecrafts at the same time. This was a challenge, and they were very tired from working long hours. The Mars Climate Orbiter cost $94 million to build. It also cost a lot of money to try to find the lost

34、 Orbiter in space. In addition, NASAs research on the cause of the problem was expensive. This wasnt the first time that two different measurement systems caused mistakes in scientific projects. However, the Mars Climate Orbiter was definitely the most expensive mistake of all!（分数：15.00）(1).NASA bui

35、lt the Mars Climate Orbiter to get information about （分数：3.00）A.the size of Mars.B.possible life on Mars.C.the shape of Mars.D.the atmosphere of Mars.(2).How long did it take the Orbiter to get close to Mars? （分数：3.00）A.One year.B.Less than one year.C.About two and a half years.D.More than three yea

36、rs.(3).When did the Orbiters problem begin? （分数：3.00）A.Right after it left for Mars.B.Right after it landed for Mars.C.When it got near Mars.D.When it returned to Earth.(4).What caused the Orbiters problem? （分数：3.00）A.Scientists used wrong guidelines of mathematics.B.Scientists used wrong building m

37、aterials.C.Scientists used different operating systems.D.Scientists used different measurement systems.(5).Why didnt NASA scientists identify the problem before the Orbiter left for Mars? （分数：3.00）A.They didnt know the English system.B.They were sure of the success of the trip.C.They were tired from

38、 working long hours.D.They didnt get enough research funding.第二篇 The Development of Ballet Ballet is a dance form that has a long history. The fact that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted as times have changed. Ballet began in the royal courts during the Renaissance. At that time it

39、became common for kings and queens, as well as other nobility, to participate in pageants that included music, poetry, and dance. As these entertainments moved from the Italian courts to the French ones, court ladies began participating in them. Though their long dresses prevented much movement, the

40、y were able to perform elaborate walking patterns. It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts, changed to flat shoes, and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men. It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France, himself a d

41、evoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. In the late 1700s another important change occurred. Ballet began to tell a story on its own. It was no longer simply dance to be performed between acts of plays. Elabor

42、ate wigs and costumes were eliminated. By the early 1800s dancers to rise on their toes to make it appear that were floating. Classical ballet as we know it today was influenced primarily by Russian dancing. The Russians remained interested in ballet when it declined in other European countries in t

43、he mid-1800s. One of the most influential figures of the early 20th century was Sergei Diaghilev. His dance company, the Ballets Russes, brought a new energy and excitement to ballet. One of his chief assistants, George Balanchine, went on to found the New York City Ballet in 1948 and to influence n

44、ew generations of dancers.（分数：15.00）(1).This passage deals mainly with （分数：3.00）A.famous names in ballet.B.Russian ballet.C.how ballet has developed.D.why ballet is no longer popular.(2).The word “pageants” in Paragraph 2 means （分数：3.00）A.dancesB.instructionsC.royal courtsD.big shows(3).Professional

45、 ballet was first performed in （分数：3.00）A.FranceB.ItalyC.RussiaD.America(4).Who had an important influence on early ballet? （分数：3.00）A.BalanchineB.AntoinetteC.Louise D.Diaghilev(5).We can conclude from this passage that ballet （分数：3.00）A.will continue to change.B.is a dying art.C.is currently perfor

46、med only in Russia.D.is often performed by dancers with little training.第三篇 Operation Migration If you look up at the sky in the early fall in the northern part of North America, you may see groups of birds. These birds are flying south to places where they can find food and warmth for the winter. T

47、hey are migrating(迁徙). The young birds usually learn to migrate from their parents. They follow their parents south, in one unusual case, however, the young birds are following something very different. These birds are young whooping cranes, and they are following an airplane! The young whooping cra

48、ne is the largest bird that is native to North America. These birds almost disappeared in the 1800s. By 1941, there were only about 20 cranes alive. In the 1970s, people were worried that these creatures were in danger of disappearing completely. As a result, the United States identified whooping cr

49、anes as an endangered species that they needed to protect. Some researchers tried to help. They began to breed whooping cranes in special parks to increase the number of birds. This plan was successful. There were a lot of new baby birds. As the birds became older, the researchers wanted to return them to nature. However, there was a problem: These young birds did not know how to migrate. They needed human help. In 2001, some people had a creative Idea. They formed an organization called Operation Migration. This group decided to use very light airplanes, inst