专业八级-53及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-53 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)B How Deer Survive Winter/B Like most of the wild animals, deer survive the cold winter by using energy stored in the summer and fall, usually in the form of (1) _.They also 1. _. spend (2) _ energy in winter than in 2. _. summer. De

2、er always give birth to their fawns in May or June. This is good (3)_, because it 3. _. coincides with the time when plenty of new plants are available. The mother deer must have enough food both to meet the needs of their own bodies and to produce (4) _ for their fawns. As 4. _. the fawns grow, the

3、y become less and less (5) _on their mothers. As winter comes, 5. _. deers hair becomes darker and (6)_. 6. _. Besides, nature provides another (7)_to 7. _. help them survive the cold weather. They become somewhat slow and drowsy. Their heart rate (8)._.This is an internal physiological 8. _. respon

4、se which is to (9) _their cost of 9. _. energy. All these practices and responses that increase deers chances of survival in winter are the result of thousands of years of (10) _. 10. _.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).O

5、pel is developing a new car which _.（分数：1.00）A.is too short to include great changesB.is completely different from the old modelsC.will try hard to keep its characteristic styleD.is not greatly different from the old models(2).Which of the following is not one of Opels major considerations in develo

6、ping a new car?（分数：1.00）A.Petrol consumption.B.Speed.C.Safety.D.Comfortability.(3).New cars are becoming faster and faster because _.（分数：1.00）A.the efficiency of the engines has improved a lotB.the engines are more powerfulC.people like driving fastD.highways provide enough chances for fast driving(

7、4).On the development of the electro-car, the main problem is _.（分数：1.00）A.nothing technicalB.electricity is too expensiveC.the speed of the car is not fast enoughD.the weight of the battery(5).It seems that Opels chief engineer is _ the development of alternative energies.（分数：1.00）A.optimistic abou

8、tB.pessimistic aboutC.not enthusiastic aboutD.devoted to三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).Which of the following groups of facts about the reported bomb explosion is TRUE?（分数：1.00）A.Date: Monday; Place: a Shiite Mosque; Casualties: 16 killed, 30 injured.B.Dates Monday; Place; a house nearby a Shiite

9、Mosque; Casualties: 17 killed, 30 injured.C.Date: Sunday; Place: unknown; Casualties: I killed.D.Date: Sunday; Place: a Shiite Mosque; Casualties: 17 killed; 30 injured.(2).The bomb explosion might be linked to _.（分数：1.00）A.A1 Oaeda terrorist groupB.citywide rioting on the day beforeC.the killing of

10、 a Sunni clericD.the dispute over the ownership of the mosque(3).The tragic events on Sunday and Monday reveal _ in Pakistan.（分数：1.00）A.the historic hatred between Sunni and Shiite MuslimsB.there are sectarian terrorists among both Sunni and Shiite MuslimsC.Sunni Muslims could never have good relati

11、ons with Shiite MuslimsD.Sunni Muslims would not allow Shiite Muslims to challenge their majority roleI Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).The governor of an Iran

12、ian province _.（分数：1.00）A.was killed in an earthquakeB.was killed in a helicopter crash on FridayC.was among the 9 deadD.survived the crash(2).The earthquake in northern Iran killed at least _ people.（分数：1.00）A.9B.25C.34D.80四、BPART READING (总题数：1，分数：5.00)BTEXT A/BB Governments Are Trying/BA 1990 Uni

13、ted Nations survey revealed that the more highly developed countries spend an average of 2 to 3 percent of their annual budgets on crime control, while developing countries spend even more, an average of 9 to 14 percent. Increasing the size of the police force and providing it with better equipment

14、take priority in some localities. But results are mixed. Some Hungarian citizens complain: “There are never enough policemen to catch the criminals but always enough to catch traffic violators.“Many governments have recently found it necessary to pass tougher crime laws. For example, since “kidnappi

15、ng is on the rise across Latin America,“ says Time magazine, the governments there have responded with laws that are “at once vigorous and ineffectual“. “Passing laws is one thing.“ it admits, “applying them another.“It is estimated that in Britain more than 100,000 neighborhood watch schemes, cover

16、ing at least four million homes, existed in 1992. Similar programs were implemented in Australia in the mid1980s. Their aim, says the Australian Institute of Criminology, is to reduce crime “by improving citizens awareness about public safety, by improving residents attitudes and behaviour in report

17、ing crime and suspicious events in the neighbourhood and by reducing vulnerability to crime with the help of property identification and installation of effective security devices.“Closed-circuit television is used in some places to link police stations with commercial premises. Video cameras are us

18、ed by police, banks, and stores as a crime deterrent or as a tool for identifying lawbreakers.In Nigeria the police have checkpoints on highways in efforts to apprehend robbers and carjackers. The government has set up a task force on trade malpractices to combat fraud. Police-community relations co

19、mmittees made up of community leaders inform the police of criminal activity and people of questionable character.Visitors to the Philippines note that homes are generally not left unattended and that many people have watchdogs. Businessmen employ private security guards to protect their businesses.

20、 Anti-theft devices for cars sell well. People who can afford to do so withdraw to tightly secured subdivisions or condominiums.The London newspaper The Independent commented: “As confidence in the rule of law falls, citizens are organizing the defense of their own communities in increasing numbers.

21、“ And more and more people are arming themselves. In the United States, for example, it is estimated that every second household owns at least one gun.Governments are constantly developing new methods of combating crime. But V. Vsevolodov, of the Academy of Home Affairs in Ukraine, points out that a

22、ccording to UN sources, so many gifted people are finding “unique methods of carrying on criminal activity“ that “the training of law enforcement personnel“ cannot keep up. Clever criminals funnel huge sums of money back into businesses and social services, merging with society and “gaining for them

23、selves high positions in society.“（分数：5.00）(1).What is the main reason for citizens to take in hand the defense of themselves?（分数：1.00）A.There are not enough policemen.B.They do not trust the rule of law.C.The police force is inefficient.D.Security devices do not work.(2).A neighborhood watch scheme

24、 will probably do all of the following EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.helping to install anti-theft devicesB.raising citizens consciousness of community safetyC.helping citizens to claim a lost propertyD.encouraging citizens to report suspicious events(3).According to the author, the outlook for ending crime i

25、s _.（分数：1.00）A.rosyB.unclearC.hard to describeD.bleak(4).Governments have taken all of the following measures EXCEPT _to combat crime.（分数：1.00）A.increasing the size of the police forceB.providing the police with better equipmentC.passing more severe crime lawsD.educating the public through TV progra

26、ms(5).As can be inferred from the passage, _.（分数：1.00）A.it is urgent to pass laws for gun control in the U.S.B.people occupying high positions are more prone to crimeC.many criminals are intelligent enough to escape punishmentD.empty houses in the Philippines are often guarded by watch dogs五、BTEXT B

27、/B(总题数：2，分数：6.00)Buses offered a more flexible service than trolleys, because they were not restricted to operating only on fixed tracks. General Motors acquired many of the privately owned streetcar companies and replaced the trolleys with buses that the company made. But bus ridership has declined

28、 from a peak of 11 billion riders per year in the late 1940s to 5 million in the 1990s. Commuter railroad service, like trolleys and buses, has also been drastically reduced in most U.S. cities. The one exception to the downward trend in public transportation in the United States is the subway, now

29、known to transportation planners as fixed heavy rail. Cities such as Boston and Chicago have attracted new passengers through construction of new lines and modernization of existing service. Chicago has been a pioneer in the construction of heavy-rail rapid transit lines in the median strip of expre

30、ssways. Entirely new subway systems have been built in recent years in a number of U.S. cities, including Atlanta, Baltimore, Miami, San Francisco, and Washington, D.C. Public transportation is particularly suited to bringing a large number of people into a small area in a short period of time. Cons

31、equently, its use is increasingly confined in the United States to rush-hour commuting by workers in the central business district. A bus can accommodate thirty people in the amount of space occupied by one automobile, while a double-track rapid transit line can transport the same number of people a

32、s sixteen lanes of urban freeway. Despite modest recent successes, most public transportation systems are caught its a vicious circle, because fares do not cover operating costs. As patronage declines and expenses rise, the fares are increased, which drives away passengers and leads to service reduc

33、tions and still higher fares, Public expenditures to subsidize construction and operating costs have increased, but public officials in the United States do not consider that public transportation is a vital utility deserving subsidy to the degree long assumed by European governments. In contrast, e

34、ven in the relatively developed Western European countries and Japan, where automobile ownership rates are high, extensive networks of bus, tram, and subway lines have been maintained, and funds for new construction have been provided in recent years. Since the late 1960s, London has opened 27 kilom

35、eters of subways, including two new lines, plus 18 kilometers in light rail transit lines to serve the docklands area. During the same period, Paris has built 65 kilometers of new subway lines, including a new system, known as the Reseau Express Regional (R. E. R.) to serve outer suburbs. Smaller ci

36、ties have shared the construction boom. In France alone, new subway lines have been built since the 1970s in Lille, Lyon, and Marseille, and hundreds of kilometers of entirely new tracks have been laid between the countrys major cities to operate a high-speed train known as the TGV.（分数：3.00）(1).Whic

37、h of the following is NOT true of the public transportation systems in the developed countries?（分数：1.00）A.Commuter railroad service, trolleys and buses have been reduced in the U.S.B.Subways have largely been maintained.C.Fares usually can not cover operating costs.D.U. S. officials think it worthwh

38、ile to subsidize public transportation.(2).Which of the following countries is the locality of the R. E. R. system?（分数：1.00）A.England.B.the United States.C.Germany.D.France.(3).The decline of bus ridership in the U.S. is caused by _.（分数：1.00）A.the rise of bus faresB.the increased number of private c

39、arsC.the improvement of the commuter railroad serviceD.the poor condition of the transportation infrastructureBTEXT C/BThere are two main methods of organizing governments the unitary system and the federal system. The unitary state places most power in the hands of central government officials, whe

40、reas the federal state allocates strong power to units of local government within the country. A countrys cultural and physical characteristics influence the evolution of its governmental system.In principle, the unitary government system works best in countries that have both relatively few interna

41、l cultural differences and a strong sense of national unity. Therefore, states whose boundaries coincide closely with the boundaries of nations are more likely to consider a unitary system of government. In addition, because the unitary system requires effective communications with all regions of th

42、e country, smaller states are more likely to adopt it. If the country is very large or has isolated regions, strong national control is difficult.In reality, multinational states often have unitary systems so that the values of one nationality can be imposed on others. In a number of African and Asi

43、an countries, for instance, the mechanism of a unitary state has enabled one ethnic group to extend dominance over weaker groups. In some cases, a minority group is able to impose its values on the majority of the population. When communist parties controlled the government of Eastern European count

44、ries, for example, the unitary systems enabled the imposition of uniform cultural values on otherwise multinational societies.In a federal state, local governments possess more authority to adopt their own laws. Multinational states usually adopt a federal system of government in order to give power

45、 to different nationalities, especially if they live in separate regions of the country. Under a federal system, local government boundaries can be drawn that correspond to the regions inhabited by different nations. The federal system is also more suitable for very large states. The national capita

46、ls of very large states may be too remote to provide effective control over isolated regions.In the late twentieth century, a strong global trend occurred in favor of the federal system of government. Most of the worlds largest states were already federal, including the Soviet Union, Canada, the Uni

47、ted States, Brazil, and India. During the late 1980s and 1990s, unitary systems have been sharply curtailed in a number of countries and scrapped altogether in others.（分数：3.00）(1).In the last paragraph, the word “scrapped“ can be best replaced by _.（分数：1.00）A.scratchedB.reinforcedC.reducedD.abandone

48、d(2).The unitary government system is the best choice in _.（分数：1.00）A.multinational countriesB.culturally homogeneous countriesC.communist countriesD.countries with large territories(3).According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?（分数：1.00）A.Only small countries adopt the unitary system.B.Unitary states all have uniform culture.C.Multinational states can be unitary states.D.The federal system is more suitable for communist states.六、BTEX