专业八级-202 (1)及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-202 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：4，分数：20.00)BThe Problems of Taking English Courses Through English/BWhen students take courses through the medium of English, they have to face psychological, cultural and linguistic problems.Psychological problems:a. the fear of the (1) _:

2、 the fear of the difficulty of academic (1) _ learning and the fear of (2) _ in examinations. (2) _b. Possible (3) _ because of separation from his family. (3) _Cultural problems:1. arranging satisfactory (4) _. (4) _2. getting used to British life.3. settling into a strange environment and a new ac

3、ademic (5) _. (5) _4. learning a new set of social (6) _. (6) _5. expressing appropriate (7) _. (7) _6. understanding a different kind of humor.7. learning how to make friends.Linguistic problems:-Students of non-English speaking countries have little (8) _ (8) _ opportunity to practise using Englis

4、h.-Students of non-English speaking countries have great difficulty in understanding what a native speaker of English says. The reasons are:a. English people speak very quickly.b. Everyday spoken English is different from (9) _ English (9) _ students have learnt.c. Students do not practise listening

5、 to English people.How to overcome these linguistic difficulties?-Attending English classes.-Using a language (10) _ as much as possible. (10) _-Listening to programs in English on the radio and TV.-Taking every opportunity to communicate with native English-speaking people.（分数：10.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空

6、项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_BSECTION B/BI Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview./I（分数：5.00）(1).The average life expectancy

7、 of ancient Egyptians is about _.（分数：1.00）A.32B.37C.50D.60(2).Which of the following is NOT a medical problem ancient Egyptians used to have?（分数：1.00）A.Dental decay.B.Tooth erosion.C.Malignant tumors.D.Insomnia.(3).The following are very common among ancient Egyptians EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.abscessB.in

8、testinal parasitesC.anaemiaD.drug addiction(4).The mummy Rameses is different from other Egyptian mummies in that _.（分数：1.00）A.it cannot be destroyedB.its heart was not removedC.most internal organs were removedD.it was made with a different technique(5).Which of the following is NOT TRUE of Rameses

9、?（分数：1.00）A.It was on display in Cairo in 1871.B.It was taken to Paris for research.C.It was seriously damaged in an upheaval.D.It was covered in new bandages.BSECTION C/BIQuestions 6 to 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each quest

10、ion.Now listen to the news./I（分数：3.00）(1).The Bush and Kerry campaigns exchanged attacks regarding _.（分数：1.00）A.inflationB.budget deficitC.national securityD.unemployment rate(2)._ participated in the debate between the Bush and Kerry campaigns.（分数：1.00）A.Cheney and KerryB.Bush and KerryC.Cheney and

11、 the head of Democratic PartyD.The heads of Democratic and Republic parties(3).According to Cheney, Kerry is in favor of _.（分数：1.00）A.cutting down on expenditure on defense and intelligenceB.increasing expenditure on national defenseC.allocating more fund on environmental pollutionD.levying more tax

12、 on large businessesIQuestions 9 to 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question.Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).The Food and Agriculture Organization predicts that which of the following is likely to decrease?（分数：1.00）A.

13、World grain supplies.B.World grain production.C.World grain consumption.D.World grain trade.(2).Wheat supplies have decreased in recent years because _.（分数：1.00）A.wheat prices are very low in the worldB.the demand for wheat is decreasingC.many regions are affected by droughtD.the wheat consumption i

14、s becoming less二、BPART READING (总题数：9，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BAlthough it is now possible to bring most high blood pressure under control, the causes of essential hypertension remain elusive. Understanding how hypertension begins is at least partly a problem of understanding when in life it begins, and th

15、is may be very early-perhaps within the first few months of life. Since the beginning of the century, physicians have been aware that hypertension may run in families, but before the 1970s, studies of the familial aggregation of blood pressure treated only populations 15 years of age or older. Few s

16、tudies were attempted in younger persons because of a prevailing notion that blood pressures in this age group were difficult to measure and unreliable and because essential hypertension was widely regarded as a disease of adults.In 1971, a study of 700 children, ages 2 to 14, used a special blood p

17、ressure recorder which minimizes observer error and allows for standardization of blood pressure readings. Before then, it had been well established that the blood pressure of adults aggregates familially, that is, the similarities between the blood pressure of an individual and his siblings are gen

18、erally too great to be explained by chance. The 1971 study showed that familial clustering was measurable in children as well, suggesting that factors responsible for essential hypertension are acquired in childhood. Additional epidemiological studies demonstrated a clear tendency for the children t

19、o retain the same blood pressure patterns, relative to their peers, four years later. Thus, a child with blood pressure higher or lower than the norm would tend to remain higher or lower with increasing age.Meanwhile, other investigators uncovered a complex of physiologic roles-including blood press

20、ure-for a vasoactive (作用于血管的) system called the kallikrein-kinin (血管舒缓酶-激酞原 ) system. Kallikreins are enzymes in the kidney and blood plasma which act on precursors (先兆) called kininogens to produce vasoactive peptides(酞)called kinins. Several different kinins are produced, at least three of which a

21、re powerful blood vessel dilators. Apparently, the kallikrein-kinin system normally tends to offset the elevations in arterial pressure that result from the secretion of salt-conserving hormones such as aldosterone(醛固酮) on the one hand and from activation of the sympathetic nervous system (which ten

22、ds to constrict blood vessels) on the other hand.It is also known that urinary kallikrein excretion is abnormally low in subjects with essential hypertension. Levels of urinary kallikrein in children are inversely related to the diastolic blood pressures of both children and their mothers. Children

23、with the lowest kallikrein levels are found in the families with the highest blood pressure. In addition, black children tend to show somewhat lower urinary kallikrein levels than white children, and blacks are more likely to have high blood pressure. There is a great deal to be learned about the bi

24、ochemistry and physiologic roles of the kallikrein-kinin system. But there is the possibility that essential hypertension will prove to have biochemical precursors.（分数：4.00）(1).The author is primarily concerned with _.（分数：1.00）A.questioning the assumption behind certain experiments involving childre

25、n under the age of 15B.describing the new scientific findings about high blood pressure and suggesting some implicationsC.describing two different methods for studying the causes of high blood pressureD.revealing a discrepancy between the findings of epidemiological studies and laboratory studies on

26、 essential hypertension(2).The argument in the passage leads most naturally to which of the following conclusions?（分数：1.00）A.A low output of urinary kallikrein is a likely cause of high blood pressure in children.B.The kallikrein-kinin system plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressu

27、re.C.Essential hypertension may have biochemical precursors which may be useful predictors in children.D.The failure of the body to produce sufficient amounts of kinins is the cause of essential hypertension.(3).The author refers to the somewhat lower urinary kallikrein levels in black children in o

28、rder to _.（分数：1.00）A.support the thesis that kallikrein levels are inversely related to blood pressureB.highlight the special health problems involved in treating populations with high concentrations of black childrenC.offer a causal explanation for the difference in urinary kallikrein levels betwee

29、n black and white childrenD.suggest that further study needs to be done on the problem of high blood pressure among black adults(4).The evidence that a child with blood pressure higher or lower than the norm would tend to retain the same blood pressure pattern with increasing age is introduced by th

30、e author in order to _.（分数：1.00）A.suggest that essential hypertension may have biochemical causesB.show that high blood pressure can be detected in children under the age of 15C.provide evidence that factors affecting blood pressure are already present in childrenD.propose that increased screening o

31、f children for high blood pressure should be undertaken1.BTEXT B/BThe Aleuts, residing on several islands of the Aleutian Chain, the Pribilof Islands, and the Alaskan Peninsula, have possessed a written language since 1825, when the Russian missionary Ivan Veniaminov selected appropriate characters

32、of the Cyrillic alphabet to represent Aleut speech sounds, recorded the main body of Aleut vocabulary, and formulated grammatical rules. The Czarist Russian conquest of the proud, independent sea hunters was so devastatingly thorough that tribal traditions, even tribal memories, were almost oblitera

33、ted. The slaughter of the majority of an adult generation was sufficient to destroy the continuity of tribal knowledge, which was dependent upon oral transmission. As a consequence, the Aleuts developed a fanatical devotion to their language as their only cultural heritage.The Russian occupation pla

34、ced a heavy linguistic burden on the Aleuts. Not only were they compelled to learn Russian to converse with their overseers and governors, but they had to learn Old Slavonic to take an active part in church services as well as to master the skill of reading and writing their own tongue. In 1867, whe

35、n the United States purchased Alaska, the Aleuts were unable to break sharply with their immediate past and substitute English for any one of their three languages.To communicants of the Russian Orthodox Church a knowledge of Slavonic remained vital, as did Russian, the language in which one convers

36、ed with the clergy. The Aleuts came to regard English education as a device to wean them from their religious faith. The introduction of compulsory English schooling caused a minor renascence of Russian culture as the Aleut parents sought to counteract the influence of the schoolroom. The harsh life

37、 of the Russian colonial rule began to appear more happy and beautiful in retrospect.Regulations forbidding instruction in any language other than English increased its unpopularity. The superficial alphabetical resemblance of Russian and Aleut linked the two tongues so closely that every restrictio

38、n against teaching Russian was interpreted as an attempt to eradicate the Aleut tongue. From the wording of many regulations, it appears the American administrators often had not the slightest idea that the Aleuts were clandestinely reading and writing their own tongue or even had a written language

39、 of their own. To too many officials, anything in Cyrillic letters was Russian and something to be stamped out. Bitterness bred by abuses and the exploitations the Aleuts suffered from predatory American traders and adventurers kept alive the Aleut resentment against the language spoken by Americans

40、.Gradually, despite the failure to emancipate the Aleuts from a sterile past by relating the Aleut and English languages more closely, the passage of years has assuaged the bitter misunderstandings and caused an orientation away from Russian toward English as their second language, but Aleut continu

41、es to be the language that molds their thought and expression._BTEXT B/BThe Aleuts, residing on several islands of the Aleutian Chain, the Pribilof Islands, and the Alaskan Peninsula, have possessed a written language since 1825, when the Russian missionary Ivan Veniaminov selected appropriate chara

42、cters of the Cyrillic alphabet to represent Aleut speech sounds, recorded the main body of Aleut vocabulary, and formulated grammatical rules. The Czarist Russian conquest of the proud, independent sea hunters was so devastatingly thorough that tribal traditions, even tribal memories, were almost ob

43、literated. The slaughter of the majority of an adult generation was sufficient to destroy the continuity of tribal knowledge, which was dependent upon oral transmission. As a consequence, the Aleuts developed a fanatical devotion to their language as their only cultural heritage.The Russian occupati

44、on placed a heavy linguistic burden on the Aleuts. Not only were they compelled to learn Russian to converse with their overseers and governors, but they had to learn Old Slavonic to take an active part in church services as well as to master the skill of reading and writing their own tongue. In 186

45、7, when the United States purchased Alaska, the Aleuts were unable to break sharply with their immediate past and substitute English for any one of their three languages.To communicants of the Russian Orthodox Church a knowledge of Slavonic remained vital, as did Russian, the language in which one c

46、onversed with the clergy. The Aleuts came to regard English education as a device to wean them from their religious faith. The introduction of compulsory English schooling caused a minor renascence of Russian culture as the Aleut parents sought to counteract the influence of the schoolroom. The hars

47、h life of the Russian colonial rule began to appear more happy and beautiful in retrospect.Regulations forbidding instruction in any language other than English increased its unpopularity. The superficial alphabetical resemblance of Russian and Aleut linked the two tongues so closely that every rest

48、riction against teaching Russian was interpreted as an attempt to eradicate the Aleut tongue. From the wording of many regulations, it appears the American administrators often had not the slightest idea that the Aleuts were clandestinely reading and writing their own tongue or even had a written language of their own. To too many officials, anything in Cyrillic letters was Russian and something to