专业八级-195及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-195 及答案解析(总分：95.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BA Career in Accounting/BAs a field of study and work, accounting is expanding throughout the world. A job in accounting promises good(1) _ and excellent promotion opportunities, yet suffers (1) _ only slightly from changes in busine

2、ss cycles or from(2) _ variations in employment. (2) _Bookkeeping is a starting point for a career in private accounting. It is essential for an (3) _.The financial (3) _ records of an organizations are the (4) _ on which (4) _ accounting is based.One can attend business or commercial schools to lea

3、rn the (5) _ of accounting practices, which include typing, (5) _ shorthand, bookkeeping and, more recently, accounting and computer programming. As the principles and (6) _ of (6) _ accounting have grown more complex, the training now lasts(7) _ years. (7) _There are some alternatives to commercial

4、 schools such as home-study or (8) _ schools. Whats more, education in (8) _ accounting has become a (9) _ function of the (9) _universities, incorporating business administration, business law, etc.To sum up, there are two paths towards a career in accounting. One is through employment and the othe

5、r through(10) _ examinations. (10) _（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Diane Larsen-Freeman was a_ major when she was an undergraduate student.（分数：1.00）A.sociologyB.psychologyC.philosophyD.anthropology(2).Diane Larsen-Free

6、man advises new teachers to focus on_.（分数：1.00）A.the studentsB.class preparationC.class atmosphereD.class interaction(3).Diane Larsen-Freeman refrains from saying that some teachers are doing wrong because_（分数：1.00）A.she wants to sound politeB.she thinks language teaching is not a right-or-wrong mat

7、terC.she thinks they are doing their bestD.she believes no teaching is perfect(4).Diane Larsen-Freeman is fond of using low-tech things in class for all the following reasons EXCEPT that_.（分数：1.00）A.she wants to be interactiveB.they are convenientC.they help to focus the learners attentionD.she is a

8、fraid of technology(5).Diane Larsen-Freemans sons consider _to be a privilege.（分数：1.00）A.world travelB.educationC.knowledge of the worldD.service三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).The heavy rain and floods were responsible for all of the following except（分数：1.00）A.displacement of peopleB.transit stopp

9、ageC.serious injuriesD.airport delays(2).A total of_ people were displaced because of the floods.（分数：1.00）A.80B.250C.100D.337(3).The last strike at Darby by a hurricane took place in_.（分数：1.00）A.1973B.1953C.1995D.1999IQuestions 9 to 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, yo

10、u will be given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).In the past two decades, the rate of birth defects in Shanxi Province is higher than the countrys average by_.（分数：1.00）A.0.3B.0.5C.0.6D.0.8(2).Which of the following is not mentioned as an international organiz

11、ation that supports the project?（分数：1.00）A.United Nations Childrens FundB.The World Health OrganizationC.International Science InstituteD.International Childrens Foundation四、BPART PROOFREA(总题数：10，分数：10.00)填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_五、BPART READING (总题数：1，分数

12、：2.00)BTEXT A/BBTHE INTRINSIC COMPLEXITY OF CONCEPTS/BThe words discussed so far have been limited to one type: those whose meaning identifies the members of a class. For example, the word chair is used correctly when it is applied to the class which includes objects as different as straight chairs,

13、 folding chairs and rocking chairs. The same skill in identifying instances of the same class is required for understanding some types of verbs. For example, all people walk differently, but native speakers of English use the word walk correctly when they realize that these minor differences are irr

14、elevant. But not all words in a language involve the identification of classes. In fact, the mastery of a working vocabulary in any human language appeals to a wide range of intellectual skills, some easier and some more difficult than those required for grasping the meaning of common nouns and verb

15、s. As an example of a relatively easy concept, consider what is required for understanding proper nouns: one must simply point out a single individual and attach a label, like John or Daddy. Because it is easier to associate a label with a single individual than to name a class with common propertie

16、s, children master proper nouns first, sometimes when they are as young as six to nine months old. In contrast, a relational term like large or small constitutes a relatively complex concept. The correct use of words like these requires that two things be kept in mind: the absolute size of the objec

17、t in question, and its position on a scale of similar objects. For example, an elephant which is six feet tall at the shoulders may be small as far as elephants go, but a dog of the same height would be huge. Five-and six-year-old children are unable to make the shift in perspective necessary for us

18、ing relational words appropriately. In one well-known experiment which documents this conclusion, children were engaged in a pretend tea party with dolls and an adult observer. The adult gave the child an ordinary juice glass and asked the child if it was large or small. Though all of the children i

19、n the study agreed that the glass was small from their own perspective, it appeared ridiculously large when placed on the toy table around which the dolls were seated. Nevertheless, the youngest children were still inclined to say that the glass was small when asked about its size with respect to it

20、s new context.Another complex concept underlies deictic expressions, which are words used to point to objects and indicate their distance from the speaker. For example, the speaker may use here or this to point out objects which may be close to him, while there and that are appropriate only when the

21、 objects are relatively far away. But since there are no absolute distances involved in the correct use of a deictic expression, children have difficulty determining when the close terms are to be preferred over the far terms. As with relational terms, it is necessary to take into account the size o

22、f the object pointed to. Thus a thirty-story building six feet in front of us is close enough to be called this building, but an ant removed from us by the same distance is far enough away to be called that ant. Common and proper nouns, relational terms and deictic expressions do not exhaust the ran

23、ge of concepts mastered by children, but they do illustrate the variety of tasks involved in acquiring the vocabulary of a first language. Linguists can examine the evidence from the acquisition of word meaning and find support for two fundamental hypotheses: that some concepts are more complex than

24、 others, and that the acquisition of language requires a considerable exercise of intelligence.（分数：2.00）(1).What is common to relational terms and deictic expressions?（分数：1.00）A.They both require a considerable exercise of intelligence.B.They both involve the concept of size in referring to objects.

25、C.They can both be used to test the intelligence of children.D.They pose difficulties for young children in acquisition of language.(2).In order to correctly acquire the meanings of nouns in referring to “classes“, a child_.（分数：1.00）A.has to learn to identify some features while ignoring othersB.fir

26、st has to be able to use proper nounsC.must be at least six years oldD.must play with toys六、BTEXT B/B(总题数：3，分数：3.00)11.Judging by the passage, biologist David Anderson _.（分数：1.00）A.seemed to be interested in marathonB.made use of a satellite in his researchC.was probably a specialist in remote educa

27、tionD.put together multimedia presentations for NSF12.According to the passage, which of the following should be encouraged to enhance the learning of math and science? 1. Problem solving. 2. Actual research. 3. Repetitive in-class drills. 4. Group work. 5. Rote learning.（分数：1.00）A.1 and 3.B.1, 2 an

28、d 4.C.4 and 5.D.2, 3 and 5.13.The Chickscope Project enabled students to do the following EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.to set up an incubator to hatch chicksB.to actually operate an MRI systemC.to get involved in actual researchD.to watch the changes in the chick embryo七、BTEXT C/B(总题数：1，分数：3.00)BGovernments A

29、re Trying/BA 1990 United Nations survey revealed that the more highly developed countries spend an average of 2 to 3 percent of their annual budgets on crime control, while developing countries spend even more, an average of 9 to 14 percent. Increasing the size of the police force and providing it w

30、ith better equipment takes priority in some localities. But results are mixed. Some Hungarian citizens complain: “There are never enough policemen to catch the criminals but always enough to catch traffic violators.“Many governments have recently found it necessary to pass tougher crime laws. For ex

31、ample, since “kidnapping is on the rise across Latin America,“ says Time magazine, the governments there have responded with laws that are “at once vigorous and ineffectual Passing laws is one thing,“ it admits, “applying them another.“It is estimated that in Britain more than 100,000 neighborhood w

32、atch schemes, covering at least four million homes, existed in 1992. Similar programs were implemented in Australia in the mid -1980s. Their aim, says the Australian Institute of Criminology, is to reduce crime “by improving citizens awareness about public safety, by improving residents attitudes an

33、d behaviour in reporting crime and suspicious events in the neighbourhood and by reducing vulnerability to crime with the help of property identification and installation of effective security devices.“Closed-circuit television is used in some places to link police stations with commercial premises.

34、 Video cameras are used by police, banks, and stores as a crime deterrent or as a tool for identifying lawbreakers. In Nigeria the police have checkpoints on highways in efforts to apprehend robbers and carjackers. The government has set up a task force on trade malpractices to combat fraud. Policec

35、ommunity relations committees made up of community leaders inform the police of criminal activity and people of questionable character.Visitors to the Philippines note that homes are generally not left unattended and that many people have watchdogs. Businessmen employ private security guards to prot

36、ect their businesses. Anti-theft devices for cars sell well. People who can afford to do so withdraw to tightly secured subdivisions or condominiums. The London newspaper The Independent commented: “As confidence in the rule of law falls, citizens are organising the defence of their own communities

37、in increasing numbers.“ And more and more people are arming themselves. In the United States, for example, it is estimated that every second household owns at least one gun.Governments are constantly developing new methods of combating crime. But V. Vsevolodov, of the Academy of Home Affairs in Ukra

38、ine, points out that according to UN sources, so many gifted people are finding “unique methods of carrying on criminal activity“ that “the training of law enforcement personnel“ cannot keep up. Clever criminals funnel huge sums of money back into businesses and social services, merging with society

39、 and “gaining for themselves high positions in society.“（分数：3.00）(1).What is the main reason for citizens to take in hand the defence of themselves?_（分数：1.00）A.There are not enough policemen.B.They do not trust the rule of law.C.The police force is inefficient.D.Security devices do not work.(2).A ne

40、ighborhood watch scheme will probably do all the following EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.helping to install anti-theft devicesB.raising citizens consciousness of community safetyC.helping citizens to claim a lost propertyD.encouraging citizens to report suspicious events(3).According to the author, the outlook

41、 for ending crime is_.（分数：1.00）A.rosyB.unclearC.hard to describeD.bleak八、BTEXT D/B(总题数：2，分数：2.00)14.The author uses the example of Merle McEathron to_.（分数：1.00）A.indicate that a healthy oldster is good at combating stressB.support the view that the old should stay busyC.prove that a doctors diagnosi

42、s may be wrongD.show that one can keep healthy by constantly moving.15.Healthy oldsters share all the following features EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.enjoying companionshipB.adaptable to mental stimulationC.resilient to stressD.caring meticulously for their body九、BTEXT E/B(总题数：3，分数：3.00)16.What is implied ab

43、out the poem Gardening Gloves?（分数：1.00）A.It is not an obvious subject for a poemB.It is less interesting than his other workC.It overstretched his imaginationD.It was particularly difficult to write17.One of the strengths of the writers teacher was that he taught his pupils to _.（分数：1.00）A.view the

44、world with precisionB.express their feelings in poetryC.describe objects in detailD.create imaginary worlds18.From the text as a whole we understand that the writers approach to poetry_.（分数：1.00）A.has changed to reflect the times in which he has livedB.has benefited from the reactions of others to h

45、is workC.is still in tune with what he was taught at schoolD.is heavily influenced by the landscape where he grew up十、BTEXT F/B(总题数：2，分数：2.00)19.The “truss“ is_.（分数：1.00）A.a space shuttle that carries a support beamB.a mobile transport platformC.a framework designed to support devicesD.a laboratory2

46、0.Which of the following is NOT true of Canadarm 2?（分数：1.00）A.It has seven joints.B.It is going to be installed in the proposed mission.C.One of its brakes does not function properly.D.A new computer program is being tried out on it.十一、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：1.00)21.BTEXT G/BBHow is the vitamin conte

47、nt in food determined?/BMost labs determine the vitamin content of foods using a combination of two technologies chromotography, which sorts food molecules based on their molecular weight, and a light emission detector that identifies molecules based on their interaction with light。To test the vitamin A content in an apple, for example, laboratories first grind the fruit to a pulpy liquid and drop a small sample through a device known as a vertical chromotography column