专业八级-191及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-191 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BSECTION A/BIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap.filling task

2、 after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.ANSWER SHEET ONEComplete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a

3、maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically it was just a question of when.“That is not only a realistic assessment; it also is a mindset that just might save lives. Political, business and community leaders are sometimes reluctant to talk about terrorism or

4、 stage drills to prepare their response because they dont want to frighten or upset people. But thats a mistake. People react to emergencies more effectively when theyre not shocked by them.Tony Blair and London Mayor Ken Livingstone have made preparedness a priority, and their efforts clearly paid

5、off during Thursdays response to the attacks.Theres another benefit to preparing for terrorism in advance. Part of the damage the terrorists hope to inflict is the emotional reaction in the wake of the destruction. The reason its called “terrorism“ is that they want fear and its debilitating effects

6、 to linger long after the smoke has cleared.By preparing citizens for the possibility of a terrorist attack, leaders can help minimize the emotional response in the wake of the destruction.Finally, Thursdays attacks demonstrate that we must remain committed to confronting and eliminating terrorism.

7、There are those who assert that the efforts to eliminate terror are somehow provoking the terrorists. That is wrong. The terrorists have been attacking innocent people long before Sept. 11, 2001, or the wars in Afghanistan or Iraq.Seeing Prime Minister Blair speak so forcefully, with President Bush,

8、 President Jacques Chirac and other world leaders right behind him; was encouraging. Lets remember the unity the world shared after the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001.Free nations can and will disagree. But let us always remember that free people must be steadfast and resilient in defending our way of li

9、fe.（分数：6.00）(1).The terrorist attack in London conveys to us the message that（分数：1.00）A.people in London did not feel painful.B.we must be on the alert for terrorism.C.we should stay at home to avoid terrorism.D.the effort at anti-terrorism was in vain.(2).In the authors opinion, which of the follow

10、ing is NOT the success weve achieved in the effort to fight againt terrorist attack?（分数：1.00）A.We have arrested perpetrators and plotters.B.We have prevented planned attacks.C.We have combated and eliminated terrorism.D.We have reduced the power and scope of terrorists.(3).According to the passage,

11、which of the following is NOT the way to defend terrorist attacks?（分数：1.00）A.Improving human intelligence and patrol.B.Alerting police and citizens to terrorism.C.Finding out terrorists before they attack.D.Studying the response to past attacks.(4).The sentence “ steeped in years of dealing with ter

12、rorism“ in the 8th paragraph means that（分数：1.00）A.London has been engaged in anti-terrorism for years.B.London hasnt witnessed terrorism for years.C.London has been targeted by terrorists for years.D.London has been soaked in terrorist attacks for years.(5).The citizens emotional response after the

13、terrorist attack can be reduced by（分数：1.00）A.leaders good organization.B.preparing for terrorism in advance.C.escaping from the attack in time.D.confronting terrorism positively.(6).A suitable rifle for the passage would be（分数：1.00）A.July 7th Terrorist Attack in London.B.The war against terrorism.C.

14、Terrorism after Sept.11, 2001.D.Lessons from terrorist attack in London.2.BTEXT B/BResearchers who picked up and analyzed wild chimp droppings said on Thursday they had shown how the AIDS virus originated in wild apes in Cameroon and then spread in humans across Africa and eventually the world. Thei

15、r study, published in the journal Science, supports other studies that suggest people somehow caught the deadly human immunodeficiency ,virus (HIV) from chimpanzees, perhaps by killing and eating them.“It says that the chimpanzee group that gave rise to HIV this chimp community resides in Cameroon,“

16、 said Beatrice Hahn of the University of Alabama, who led the study. “But that doesnt mean the epidemic originated there because it didnt,“ Hahn, who has been studying the genetic origin of HIV for years, said in a telephone interview.“We actually know where the epidemic took off. The epidemic took

17、off in Kinshasa, in Brazzaville.“ Kinshasa is in the Democratic Republic Congo, formerly Zaire, and faces Brazzaville, in Congo, across the Congo River. Studies have traced HIV to a man who gave a blood sample in 1959 in Kinshasa, then called Leopoldville. Later analysis found the AIDS viros.In peop

18、le, HIV leads to AIDS but chimps have a version called simian immune deficiency virus (SIV) that causes them no harm. Humans are the only animals naturally susceptible to HIV. AIDS was only identified 25 years ago. The virus now infects 40 million people around the world and has killed 25 million. S

19、pread in blood, sexual contact and from mother to child during birth or breastfeeding, HIV has no cure and there is no vaccine, although drug cocktails can control it.And like so many new infections, AIDS appears to have been passed to humans from animals they slaughtered. SIV has been found in capt

20、ive chimps but Hahn wanted to show it could be found in the wild too. Her international team got the cooperation of the government in Cameroon and they hired skilled trackers.“The chimps in that area are hunted. Its certainly impossible to see them. It is hard to track them and find these materials,

21、“ she said. But the trackers managed to collect 599 samples of droppings. Hahns lab found DNA, identified each individual chimp and then found evidence of the virus.“We went to 10 field sites and we found evidence of infection in five. We were able to identify a total of 16 infected chimps and, we w

22、ere able to get viral sequences from all of them,“ Hahn said. Up to 35 percent of the apes in some communities were infected. Not only that, they could find different varieties, called clades, of the virus.“We found some of the clades were really, really very closely related to the human virus and o

23、thers were not,“ she said. Chimps separated by a fiver were infected with different clades, Hahn said. And a river may have carded the virus into the human population. “So how do you get from southern Cameroon to the Democratic Republic of Congo?“ Hahn asked. “Some human must have done so. There is

24、a river that goes from that southeastern comer of Cameroon down to the Congo River.“Ivory and hardwood traders used the Sangha River in the 1930s, when the original to-human transmission is believed to have happened. Hahas study suggests the virus passed from chimpanzees to people more than once. “W

25、e dont really know how these transmissions occurred,“ Hahn said.“We know that you dont get it potting a chimp, or from a toilet seat, just like you cant get HIV from a toilet seat. It requires exposure to infected blood and infected body fluids. So if you get bitten by an angry chimp while you are h

26、unting it, which could do it.“Hahns study only applies the H1V group M, which is the main strain of the virus responsible for the AIDS pandemic. “Its quite possible that still other (chimpanzee SIV) lineages exist that could pose risks for human infection and prove problematic for HIV diagnostic and

27、 vaccines,“ her team wrote. _BTEXT B/BResearchers who picked up and analyzed wild chimp droppings said on Thursday they had shown how the AIDS virus originated in wild apes in Cameroon and then spread in humans across Africa and eventually the world. Their study, published in the journal Science, su

28、pports other studies that suggest people somehow caught the deadly human immunodeficiency ,virus (HIV) from chimpanzees, perhaps by killing and eating them.“It says that the chimpanzee group that gave rise to HIV this chimp community resides in Cameroon,“ said Beatrice Hahn of the University of Alab

29、ama, who led the study. “But that doesnt mean the epidemic originated there because it didnt,“ Hahn, who has been studying the genetic origin of HIV for years, said in a telephone interview.“We actually know where the epidemic took off. The epidemic took off in Kinshasa, in Brazzaville.“ Kinshasa is

30、 in the Democratic Republic Congo, formerly Zaire, and faces Brazzaville, in Congo, across the Congo River. Studies have traced HIV to a man who gave a blood sample in 1959 in Kinshasa, then called Leopoldville. Later analysis found the AIDS viros.In people, HIV leads to AIDS but chimps have a versi

31、on called simian immune deficiency virus (SIV) that causes them no harm. Humans are the only animals naturally susceptible to HIV. AIDS was only identified 25 years ago. The virus now infects 40 million people around the world and has killed 25 million. Spread in blood, sexual contact and from mothe

32、r to child during birth or breastfeeding, HIV has no cure and there is no vaccine, although drug cocktails can control it.And like so many new infections, AIDS appears to have been passed to humans from animals they slaughtered. SIV has been found in captive chimps but Hahn wanted to show it could b

33、e found in the wild too. Her international team got the cooperation of the government in Cameroon and they hired skilled trackers.“The chimps in that area are hunted. Its certainly impossible to see them. It is hard to track them and find these materials,“ she said. But the trackers managed to colle

34、ct 599 samples of droppings. Hahns lab found DNA, identified each individual chimp and then found evidence of the virus.“We went to 10 field sites and we found evidence of infection in five. We were able to identify a total of 16 infected chimps and, we were able to get viral sequences from all of t

35、hem,“ Hahn said. Up to 35 percent of the apes in some communities were infected. Not only that, they could find different varieties, called clades, of the virus.“We found some of the clades were really, really very closely related to the human virus and others were not,“ she said. Chimps separated b

36、y a fiver were infected with different clades, Hahn said. And a river may have carded the virus into the human population. “So how do you get from southern Cameroon to the Democratic Republic of Congo?“ Hahn asked. “Some human must have done so. There is a river that goes from that southeastern come

37、r of Cameroon down to the Congo River.“Ivory and hardwood traders used the Sangha River in the 1930s, when the original to-human transmission is believed to have happened. Hahas study suggests the virus passed from chimpanzees to people more than once. “We dont really know how these transmissions oc

38、curred,“ Hahn said.“We know that you dont get it potting a chimp, or from a toilet seat, just like you cant get HIV from a toilet seat. It requires exposure to infected blood and infected body fluids. So if you get bitten by an angry chimp while you are hunting it, which could do it.“Hahns study onl

39、y applies the H1V group M, which is the main strain of the virus responsible for the AIDS pandemic. “Its quite possible that still other (chimpanzee SIV) lineages exist that could pose risks for human infection and prove problematic for HIV diagnostic and vaccines,“ her team wrote. （分数：5.00）(1).Acco

40、rding to Hahn, the HIV epidemic originated in（分数：1.00）A.Cameroon.B.Kinshasa and Brazzaville.C.Congo River.D.Nile River.(2).From the description in the passage, we learn that（分数：1.00）A.monkeys are also susceptible to HIV.B.AIDS has killed 25 million people in the last 25 years.C.vaccine has been deve

41、loped to prevent aids.D.AIDS can be cured by drug cocktails.(3).According to the passage, HIV is spread through all the following EXCEPT（分数：1.00）A.blood.B.sexual contact.C.breastfeeding.D.a toilet seat.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that the virus is transmitted from chimps in Cameroon to h

42、umans most probably through（分数：1.00）A.some clades of the virus related to the human virus.B.aborigines residing in the virgin forest of Cameroon.C.Ivory and hardwood traders who were bitten by the chimps.D.chimp droppings floating in a river from Sonthem Cameroon to Congo.(5).The word “lineage“ in t

43、he last paragraph means（分数：1.00）A.transmission.B.catastrophe.C.strain.D.virus.3.BTEXT C/BAfter thirty years of married happiness, he could still remind himseff that Victoria was endowed with every charm except the thrilling touch of human frailty. Though her perfection discouraged pleasures, especia

44、lly the pleasures of love, be had learned in time to feel the pride of a husband in her natural frigidity. For he still clung, amid the decay of moral platitudes, to the discredited ideal of chivalry. In his youth the world was suffused with the after-glow of the long Victorian age, and a graceful f

45、eminine style had softened the manners, if not the natures, of men. At the end of that interesting epoch, when womanhood was exalted from a biological fact into a miraculous power, Virginius Littlepage, the younger son of an old and affluent family, had married Victoria Brooke, the grand-daughter of

46、 a tobacco planter, who had made a satisfactory fortune by forsaking his plantation and converting tobacco into cigarettes. While Virginius had been trained by stem tradition to respect every woman who had not stooped to folly, the virtue peculiar to her sex was among the least of his reasons for ad

47、miring Victoria. She was not only modest, which was usual in the nineties, but she was beautiful, which is unusual in any decade.In the beginning of their acquaintance he had gone even further and ascribed intellect to her; but a few months of maniage had shown this to be merely one of the many delu

48、sions created by perfect features and noble expression. Everything about her had been smooth and definite, even the tones of her voice and the way her light brown hair, which she wore la Pompadour, was rolled stiffly back from her forehead and coiled in a burnished rope on the top of her head.A seri

49、ous young man, ambitious to attain a place in the world more brilliant than the secluded seat of his ancestors, he had been impressed at their first meeting by the compactness and precision of Victorias orderly mind. For in that earnest period the minds, as well as the emotions, of lovers were orderly. It was an age when eager young men flocked to church on Sunday morning, and eloquent divines discoursed upon the Victorian poets in