专业八级-185及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-185 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING the oil that is used to lubricate all kinds of machineries. This is 8 the oil that has changed the life of the common men. To it 9 we owe the existence of the motor-car, which has replaced the private horse-drawing carriage. 10 （分数：35.00）Since, we

2、are told, 80 to 90 percent of all instruction in the typical university is by the lecture method, we should give close attention to this form of education. There is, I think, many truth in Patricia Nelson Limerick“s observation that 11 “lecturing is an unnatural act, an act which God did not design

3、12 humans. It is perfectly all right, now and then, to a human to 13 possess by the urge to speak, and to speak while others 14 remain silent. But to do this regularly, one hour and 15 minutes at a time . for one person to drag while others sit in 15 silence? . I do not believe that this is the Crea

4、tor designed 16 humans to do.“ The strange, almost incomprehensible fact is that many professors, just as they feel obliged to write dully, they believe that they should lecture dully. To show enthusiasm 17 is to risk to appear unscientific; it is to appeal to the students“ 18 emotions rather than t

5、heir intellectuals. Thus the ideal 19 lecture is one filled with facts and reads in an unchanged 20 monotone.（分数：35.00）For to be a woman is to have interests and duties, raying out in all directions from the central mother-core, like spokes from the hub of a wheel. The pattern of our lives is essent

6、ially circling. 21 We must be opened to all points of the compass, husband, 22 children, friends, home, community; we must be stretched out, exposed, sensible like a spider“s web to each breeze 23 that blows, to each call that comes. How difficult it is for us, then, to achieve a balance in the mid

7、of these contradictory 24 tensions, and yet how necessary for the proper function of 25 our lives. With a new awareness, both painful and humorous, I begin to understand why saints were rarely married women. I am convinced it has nothing inherent to do, as I once supposed, 26 with chastity or childr

8、en. It has to do primarily with distractions. The bearing, rearing, feeding and educating of children; the running of a house with its thousand details; human relationships with their myriads pullswoman“s 27 normal occupations in general run against to creative life, 28 or contemplative life, or sai

9、ntly life. The problem is not merely one of Woman and Career, Woman and the Home,Woman and Independence . It is more basically how to remain wholly in the midst of the distractions of life; how to 29 remain balanced, no matter what centrifugal forces tent to pull one off the center; and how to remai

10、n strong, no matter whatever shocks come in at the periphery and tend to crack 29 the hub of the wheel.（分数：30.00）专业八级-185 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING the oil that is used to lubricate all kinds of machineries. This is 8 the oil that has changed the life of the common men. To it 9 we ow

11、e the existence of the motor-car, which has replaced the private horse-drawing carriage. 10 （分数：35.00）解析：numbersquantities解析 animal oil 是不可数名词，不能用 a number of来修饰表示数量多。可以修饰不可数名词的限定词有：a bit of，a large amount of，a great deal of，a lot of，plenty of，a large quantity of。解析：covercovering解析 cover 和 covering虽

12、然都是名词，意思却不同。前者是“封面、盖子”，后者是“遮盖物、覆盖物”，那么可以说蓝鲸的脂肪是它防寒的遮盖物，而不能说是“盖子”。解析：boardon 或 boardaboard解析 board 可以作为名词和介词 on连用表示“在(船、飞机、车)上”，如：on board the ship 就是“在船上”。abroad 自己也可以表示这个意思。解析：andbut解析 前后两个分句是转折的关系，所以应该用 but。解析：chemistchemist“s解析 文中要表达的意思是“在药店”，那么应该用“介词+名词属格”表示地点。所以应该是 at any chemist“s，再如：at the de

13、ntist“s, at the John-sons“, at the grocer“s等。解析：not/解析 原文要表达的意思是“家家户户都离不开油”，用双重否定即可，no household can get on without it。如果在 can后面加一个 not的话，就变成否定的意思了。解析：onehe/he or she解析 代词的先行词是 politician和 engineer，这是一类通性名词，既可以是男性也可以是女性，这类名词以单数形式表示类指时，通常用相应的阳性代词 he，有时也用 he or she。文中 politician和 engineer就是属于这种情况。解析：m

14、achineriesmachines/machinery解析 machinery 是不可数的集体名词，没有复数形式。解析：menman 或 the(common men)/解析 the common man 是类指，既然有定冠词，那么应该用 man的单数形式，或者保留复数 men而去掉定冠词。解析：horse-drawinghorse-drawn解析 “用马拉的车”，draw 和 carriage是被动的关系，所以应该用 draw的-ed 分词 drawn。Since, we are told, 80 to 90 percent of all instruction in the typica

15、l university is by the lecture method, we should give close attention to this form of education. There is, I think, many truth in Patricia Nelson Limerick“s observation that 11 “lecturing is an unnatural act, an act which God did not design 12 humans. It is perfectly all right, now and then, to a hu

16、man to 13 possess by the urge to speak, and to speak while others 14 remain silent. But to do this regularly, one hour and 15 minutes at a time . for one person to drag while others sit in 15 silence? . I do not believe that this is the Creator designed 16 humans to do.“ The strange, almost incompre

17、hensible fact is that many professors, just as they feel obliged to write dully, they believe that they should lecture dully. To show enthusiasm 17 is to risk to appear unscientific; it is to appeal to the students“ 18 emotions rather than their intellectuals. Thus the ideal 19 lecture is one filled

18、 with facts and reads in an unchanged 20 monotone.（分数：35.00）解析：manymuch解析 truth 这里应当作不可数名词，表示“真实性，道理”，所以应该把 many改为much。truth 的此用法还有几例，如：There would seem to be some truth in what she says. And yet what he says contains at least a grain of (=a small amount of) truth. 但当 truth表真理时可作可数名词，如：It would seem

19、 to be a general truth that nothing is as straightforward as it at first seems.解析：whichfor解析 这里 which前少了介词 for，还原成一般句子则为：God did not design humans for an act. 所以这里应有一个介词。考生须注意关系从句中关系代词和它前面的介词连用的用法。解析：第一个 tofor解析 在“it+be 动词+主语补足语+不定式的主语+不定式”这样的句型中不定式的主语需用介词 for或。睐引导，而不是 to。至于在 for和 of之间的选择则要视具体情况而定，主

20、要看主语补足语的性质。如果主语补足语为描述不定式主语的品质特征的词，一般用 of，如：It is stupid of her to try to show off at the party.解析：possessbe possessed解析 这里 possess应该使用被动语态，因为主语 a human和 possess by the urge to speak是被动关系，是“人被一种要说话的冲动所驱使”，所以应该为 be possessed。解析：dragon解析 drag 这个词单用表示“拉，牵”，用词不当；但 drag on则表示“滔滔不绝，没完没了地讲”，所以应加上介词 on。解析：th

21、ewhat解析 believe 后面的从句的主语为 this，谓语为 is，那么剩下的部分应该组成补语从句，但原句中缺少引导从句的代词，因此这里应加上疑问代词 what。解析：第二个 they/解析 补语从句 that句中的主语为 many professors, just as they feel obliged to write dully是插入的比较从句，那么谓语是什么呢?谓语应该是 believe。因此这里多出一个 they来，应该删去。对于长的句子一定要分清主谓宾。解析：to appearappearing解析 动词 risk后应接-ing 形式，不应接不定式，因此应该把 to ap

22、pear改为 appearing。解析：intellectualsintellect解析 intellectual 为“知识分子”之意，而这里原文的意思应是“智力”，因此应选用 intellect。另外 intellect往往表示认知、思维和理解的能力，与 feeling和willing相对，而 intelligence则表示更高级的智力活动，如解决问题，抽象推理等，如：Opinion is ultimately determined bv the feelings, and not by the intellect. The world of the future will be an ev

23、er more demanding struggle against the limitations of our intelligence.解析：readsread解析 filled with facts 和 reads in an unchanged monotone一同修饰 one，因此应使用同样的形式，将 reads变为 read(过去分词)。For to be a woman is to have interests and duties, raying out in all directions from the central mother-core, like spokes f

24、rom the hub of a wheel. The pattern of our lives is essentially circling. 21 We must be opened to all points of the compass, husband, 22 children, friends, home, community; we must be stretched out, exposed, sensible like a spider“s web to each breeze 23 that blows, to each call that comes. How diff

25、icult it is for us, then, to achieve a balance in the mid of these contradictory 24 tensions, and yet how necessary for the proper function of 25 our lives. With a new awareness, both painful and humorous, I begin to understand why saints were rarely married women. I am convinced it has nothing inhe

26、rent to do, as I once supposed, 26 with chastity or children. It has to do primarily with distractions. The bearing, rearing, feeding and educating of children; the running of a house with its thousand details; human relationships with their myriads pullswoman“s 27 normal occupations in general run

27、against to creative life, 28 or contemplative life, or saintly life. The problem is not merely one of Woman and Career, Woman and the Home,Woman and Independence . It is more basically how to remain wholly in the midst of the distractions of life; how to 29 remain balanced, no matter what centrifuga

28、l forces tent to pull one off the center; and how to remain strong, no matter whatever shocks come in at the periphery and tend to crack 29 the hub of the wheel.（分数：30.00）解析：circlingcircular解析 原句意为“我们的生活模式实际上是圆形的”，因此应选用 circle的形容词形式 circular。解析：openedopen解析 open 既可以作形容词又可以作动词，这里最好把它作为形容词，意思是“我们必须面对罗

29、盘的各个方向”这里如果用 opened则有一种强迫的意味，很奇怪。因此要能区分像open和 close一样的词作动词用和作形容词用时在词义上的区别。此外，这里不要被后面“we must be stretched out”误导。解析：sensiblesensitive解析 sensible 的意思是“明智的，懂道理的”，而此处应选用 sensitive意,为“对敏感的”。解析：midmidst解析 mid 只能作形容词表“中央的，中间的”，而这里缺少的是一个名词，因此这里应换 mid为 midst。有关 midst试举几例：in the midst of all of our problems,

30、 in the midst of the war。解析：functionfunctioning解析 虽然从词性上用 function没有错，但从词义上来看则有些不妥。这半句话的意思应该是“对于我们生活的正常进行是非常必要的”，因此这里最好将 function变成functioning强调动作的意味，这也就是名词和动名词的差异之一：名词强调事实，而动名词强调动作感。解析：inherentinherently解析 inherent 在这里并不是修饰 nothing的，而是修饰整个 nothing to do词组，意为“它并不是像我曾经想的那样与贞节和孩子有必然的关联”，因此应该为 inherent

31、ly。解析：myriadsmyriad 或 myriadsof解析 myriad 一词既可作形容词又可作名词，因此这里既可将 myriads变为 myriad作形容词，又可在，myriads 后加上 of，类似于 lots of。试举几例：the myriad fish in the ocean, the myriads of bees in the hive。解析：againstcounter 或 to/解析 against 作为介词可直接接名词词组，因此这里须删掉介词to，或者将 against改为介词 counter，后接 to。两个词组意思相近都表示“与相悖”。解析：whollywhole解析 remain 在此作系动词，后跟形容词，表示“保持完整”。不是所有的动词后都接副词；如果是系动词则须接形容词或名词。解析：whateverwhat 或 no matter/解析 no matter 已经表示“无论”，如果再用 whatever则意思重复了，所以应将 whatever换成 what。还有一种改法就是将 no matter去掉直接说 whatever。