专业八级-175 (1)及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-175 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BLeaving Home/B Generally, most people have in their minds a picture of their “ideal home“, but if you are students or people just beginning work, the practical limitations of money and location may prevent them from finding this

2、 ideal home. Serveral ideas for you to follow: B. To stay at home for a while when leaving school:/B 1) many advantages while staying at home; 2) depending much on how you (1) _ your family. (1)_ B. To stay in your home area by renting a house or a fiat:/B 1) cannot inviting your (2) _ to visit you

3、freely; (2)_ 2) would be rather unhappy if not geting on well with your (3)_. (3)_ B. To ask (4) _ on campus for help in finding houses:/B (4)_ 1) difficult in some areas because of a (5)_ student population; (5)_ 2) many (6) _ not willing to rent rooms to students. (6)_ B. To share (7)_ with some o

4、ther students:/B (7)_ 1) very cheap rent; 2) no old people watching over; 3) and the housework shared with room-mates; 4) causing problems if having (8)_ characters. (8)_ B.To try a bed-sitter-one room that you use as a bedroom and/B sitting room (9)_: (9)_ 1) not very expensive rent; 2) easy to kee

5、p clean and cheap and to heat; 3) simple to make it feel like a real home; 4) may be always (10)_ if cooking; (10)_ 5) might be hanging your wet clothes all round the room; 6) can be very lonely at first.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总

6、题数：1，分数：5.00)IQuestions 1 to 5 are based on an interview with a chief, editor. At the end of the interview you will be given10seconds to answer each of the following questions. Now listen to the interview./I（分数：5.00）(1).According to Nick, what is the most dangerous notion in the world?（分数：1.00）A.Pre

7、dominance.B.Local characteristics and customs.C.Individual identity.D.Potential dividing forces.(3).What is Nick s opinions about teaching?（分数：1.00）A.He thinks that teaching doesnt help the artistic side.B.He believes that teaching keeps him energetic.C.Teaching shouldnt be totally isolated from pol

8、itics.D.Teaching frustrates him so many times.(4).What is Nick s philosophy of teaching?（分数：1.00）A.The students must be the followers of their teacher.B.He should work hard to make students believe in their own abilities.C.Pleasing students is the most necessary factor.D.Teacher should have a decisi

9、ve effect on the personalities of students.(5).Which one is Nick s idea about the leader?（分数：1.00）A.Everyone has the access to leadership.B.Leaders create the worst work situation.C.Books can help to improve people ability and make someone a leader.D.The real leaders are born.三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数

10、：5.00)IQuestions 6 a less adventuresome way is to do crossword puzzles.“A hot topic down the road,“ Coffey said, will be whether education even late in life has a protective effect against mental decline.Just how education might affect brain cells is unknown. In their report, the researchers specula

11、ted that in people with more education, certain brain structures deeper than the cortex may stay intact to compensate for cortical shrinkage.（分数：4.00）(1).According to this passage, all of the following factors could account for brain shrinkage except_.（分数：1.00）A.ageB.educationC.healthD.exercise(2).W

12、hich of the following statements is tree?（分数：1.00）A.The brain of an adult person shrinks 2.5% every 10 years.B.The cerebrospinal fluid of a person with 8 years of education may have increased 17.7 milliliters.C.The cerebrospinal fluid of a person with 16 years of education may increase by 10%.D.The

13、brain of an aged person shrinks 5% every 10 years.(3).According to Coffey s research, the brain may benefit from_.（分数：1.00）A.runningB.playing chessC.swimmingD.playing football(4).From this passage, we can conclude that_.（分数：1.00）A.education is beneficial to mental developmentB.education protects the

14、 brain from shrinkingC.education has a protective effect against mental declineD.education affects overall brain structuresBTEXT B/BChildren in the UK are not reading enough at home, favouring television and computer games instead, according to new research.The survey conducted earlier this month by

15、 Nestle Box Tops for Books, which asked parents about their children s reading habits, found that half of UK children spend less than two hours reading per week. A further one in 10 had not read a book in the past month, and of those who do read regularly, one in four avoid non-fiction titles. More

16、than half of the parents surveyed believed their children should read more non-fiction books.“It is essential that young children read at least one book a week and, in particular, educational books,“ said family counsellor Jenni Trent Hughes.But others believe such a stem approach to reading may not

17、 help children. “We can mm children off it by simply saying it s something they must be doing,“ said Amelia Foster, who runs Reading Connects for the National Literacy Trust, an organisation that encourages reading for pleasure to enhance classroom achievement.Ms Foster said the survey results might

18、 not give children enough credit. Previous studies have found that 75% of 11 to 18-year-olds enjoyed reading, and 83% read in their spare time.Past reading surveys have found distinct differences in the reading habits of boys and girls. Girls tend to be more enthusiastic about reading in general, bu

19、t particularly fiction (perhaps helping to explain why Jacqueline Wilson, author of Sleepovers and Bad Girls, is the most borrowed author from public libraries), while boys are drawn to books about a place, subject, or hobby that interests them.Nicola Davies, author of Poo: A Natural History of the

20、Unmentionable, said while working with underachieving boys she found they responded to non-fiction better than fiction. “You can get them to write poetry but they won t read it;“ she said.Ms Davies would like to see children s non-fiction take off in the way adult non-fiction has in recent years, th

21、anks largely to titles like Longitude that employ strong narratives. This may encourage boys to read more, she said.“There s a lot of really crap non-fiction out there. It s absolute paint by numbers, pile them high, and sell them cheap. But it s not really addressing the issue. Non-fiction as it is

22、 cutting offa whole route into reading, especially for boys,“ added Ms Davies.But the consequences of these trends may run deeper. Some worry that steering clear of non-fiction may effect the development of a child s imagination, even going so far as to impact their future career choices.Nicola Jone

23、s credits her choice of studying zoology at university to her childhood Encyclopedia Britannica. “There was this fantastic bit in the back on transparencies of human bodies, and it absolutely fired my imagination about the workings of the human body. Children s imagination needs all sorts of fuel. A

24、nd that s what s going to drive them, give them intrinsic motivation. It s what makes your intellectual cars go.“ For this reason Ms Jones is planning a conference next year that will address how non-fiction can be transformed into something more children will want to read.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the

25、following belongs to non-fiction?（分数：1.00）A.Encyclopedia.B.Novel.C.Poetry.D.Short story.(2).What s the difference between girls and boys in their reading habits?（分数：1.00）A.Girls read extensively while boys focus on books of particular topics.B.Girls have better reading habits than boys.C.Girls are r

26、eading for enriching knowledge while boys are reading for fun.D.Girls are more interested in fiction than boys.(3).What does Ms. Davies mean by saying “Non-fiction as it is cutting off a whole route into reading, especially for boys.“?（分数：1.00）A.Young people, especially boys can t easily get access

27、to good books of non-fiction.B.A lot of good non-fiction books are coming out into the market.C.Such kind of non-fiction are eroding into the reading habits of young people especially boys.D.Non-fiction books have been isolated from our reading experience.(4).What s the aim of Nicola Jones by quotin

28、g her personal experience in the last paragraph?（分数：1.00）A.She emphasized the importance of imagination for children.B.She wants to prove that reading Encyclopedia is important for children.C.She wants to tell people how to stimulate children s motivation.D.She proves that non-fiction can also fire

29、the imagination of children.(5).Which of the following statements is true according to this passage?（分数：1.00）A.Most of the parents under survey think children should read more non-fiction than fiction.B.National Literacy Trust encourages children to treat reading as a labor of love.C.The status-quo

30、of books of non-fiction in the market is satisfying.D.Non-fiction contributes more than fiction to the development of children s intellect.BTEXT C/BSince about 1950, public transportation in the U.S. has had to struggle to survive. The growth of private automobile ownership, the change in cities wit

31、h accelerated urban sprawl, and the immense highway construction program have added to transit problems. Moreover, changes in life-style have contributed to reduced transit use, which has resulted in lower revenues from fares at a time when costs for operations have increased greatly.As private tran

32、sit systems were taken over by local government and the cost of operations continued to increase, pressure was exerted for federal participation in urban public transportation. The 1964 Urban Mass Transportation Act established this commitment. The legislation limited federal assistance to 80 percen

33、t of the capital expenditure for buses, rail cars, and fixed facilities. In 1974 the federal government added operating assistance to its program. Because passenger fares account for only about one-third of the average system s operating funds, demand for federal subsidies escalated rapidly. In the

34、early 1980s a change in federal transportation policy resulted in relaxation of the rigid standards governing the way federal aid is used, imposing requirements for private sector participation and increased state, regional, and local funding. By the end of the 1980s state and local operating assist

35、ance amounted to about 2 percent of the funds needed to operate U.S. transit systems; fare box and other revenues accounted for 43 percent, and federal assistance, 5 percent.Private sector initiatives in public transportation include transit services provided by private operators under competitively

36、 bid contracts, and innovative public-private projects such as a joint development of transit stations.It is estimated that 8 million people in the U.S. (5 percent of the urban population) have physical handicaps that prevent them from using conventional transportation services. With the aging of th

37、e population, more than one-fifth of the people living in the U.S. will be over 65 in the year 2030. Many of the people in these groups are dependent on public transportation. In 1990 Congress passed the Americans with Disabilities Act, which will virtually require all transit services to be accessi

38、ble to the disabled.In the short run, existing transit modes will be improved. Cities with such systems will extend their lines, while others will plan and construct new ones, including rapid transit, buses, and light rail transit. The lower- cost alternatives will have a better chance of adoption.

39、There is also a strong interest in commuter rail. Part of the appeal of this mode of transportation is that many cities have unused and underused rail corridors that can provide rights-of-way at low cost.Because of major environmental concerns, electric trolley buses and methanol-powered and other a

40、lter- native fuel-powered buses will replace diesel engine buses.An enormous range of new technology exists in the area of intelligent vehicle systems. For example, a commuter will be able to get real-time information on home computers as to when the next bus will arrive at the nearest bus stop. Inf

41、ormation for trip planning will be available as well. Transit agencies will use advanced technologies for traffic and fleet management of their vehicles. Vehicle control systems that will guide buses along prescribed corridors and routes are being researched to reduce vehicle delay, increase capacit

42、y, and improve safety.Automation through new technology can provide a means for reducing labor while providing performance and safety. A number of automated guideway transit systems operate in airports, shopping centers, college campuses, and amusement parks. Their applicability to a more diverse us

43、e is continually evaluated. Research is under way on magnetically levitated and air-supported vehicles. Directional control, spacing, switching, and lateral control are among the many problems needing more development before such systems can be widely accepted. Other developments include the moving

44、walkway, designed mainly for short distance, which will accelerate a pedestrian from three to five times walking speed.Unique structural systems have been designed to support advanced transit concepts. Suspended mono- rails are examples of lower-cost systems under development.（分数：3.00）(1).The first

45、two paragraphs want to tell us_.（分数：1.00）A.the public transportation problems since the World War IIB.private transit systems were replaced by local governmentC.why in the 1964 Urban Mass Transportation Act establishedD.how to solve the public transportation revenue(2).What does the author want to t

46、ell us in Para. 4 to Para. 9?（分数：1.00）A.New technology used in public transportation.B.The future trends in public transportation.C.The automation through new technology.D.Advanced transit concepts.(3).If you have physical handicaps, what kind of transit system can you use?（分数：1.00）A.Conventional tr

47、ansportation services.B.Public transportation.C.Suspended monorails.D.All transit services which are accessible to the disabled.BTEXT D/BResearch into DNA has had a significant impact on medicine. Through recombinant DNA technology, scientists can modify microorganisms so that they become so-called

48、factories that produce large quantities of medically useful drugs. This technology is used to produce insulin, which is a drug used by diabetics, and interferon, which is used by some cancer patients. Studies of human DNA are revealing genes that are associated with specific diseases, such as breast cancer. This information is helping physicians to diagnose various diseases, and it may lead to new treatments. For example, physicians are using a technology called ch