职称英语综合类B级分类模拟2及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语综合类 B级分类模拟 2及答案解析(总分：99.96，做题时间：90 分钟)一、阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：100.00)G8 SummitLeaders of the Group of Eight Major Industrialized Nations (G8) will meet in Scotland in July this year. Representatives from China, India, Mexico, South Africa and Brazil have also been invited. Here“s what the G8 leaders wan

2、t from the meeting.British Prime Minister Tony Blair wants the G8 to cancel debt to the world“s poorest countries. He wants them to double aid to Africa to 50 billion pounds by 2010. He has also proposed reducing subsidies to Western farmers and removing restrictions on African exports. This has not

3、 got the approval of all members because it will hurt their agricultural interests. On climate change, Blair wants concerted (共同的) action by reducing carbon emissions (排放).US President George W. Bush agrees to give help to Africa. But he says he doesn“t like the idea of increasing aid to countries a

4、s it will increase corruption. Bush said he would not sign an agreement to cut greenhouse gas emissions at the summit, according to media. The US is the only G8 member not to have signed the Kyoto Protocol (京都议定书). Although the US is the world“s biggest polluter, Bush so far refuses to believe there

5、 is sufficient scientific data to establish beyond a doubt that there is a problem.French President Jacques Chirac supports Blair on Africa and climate change. He is determined to get the US to sign the climate change deal.German Chancellor Gerhard Schroder remains doubtful of Blair“s Africa proposa

6、ls. Schroder“s officials have dismissed the notion that money will solve Africa“s problems as “old thinking. “ Berlin says that African states should only receive extra money if they can prove they“ve solved the corruption problem.Russian President Vladimir Putin was doubtful about the value of more

7、 aid to Africa. But he has seen a way to make this work to his advantage. Putin intends to use the aid to Africa as a springboard (跳板) next year to propose aid to the former Soviet republics of Georgia, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Moldova.Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi“s priorities are a s

8、eat on the UN Security Council, for which he will be lobbying (游说) at the summit. And he“s concerned about the Democratic People“s Republic of Korea“s nuclear weapons programme.1. The G8 countries include China, India, Mexico, South Africa and Brazil. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentionedA B C B解析 由专有名词 G

9、8以及题目中出现的中国、印度、墨西哥、南非和巴西这几个国家回到原文，很轻松就可以确定到第一段：Representatives from China, India, Mexico, South Africa and Brazil have also been invited.文章意思是说中国、印度等国的代表也受到邀请，证明它们不是成员国。故答案为B。2. Blair hopes that the G8 countries will work together to reduce carbon emissions. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentionedA B C A解析

10、依据题干的主语 Blair，我们回到原文去定位，很轻松可以找到答案出自第二段：On climate change, Blair wants concerted(共同的)action by reducing carbon emissions(排放)。布莱尔希望可以通过共同的努力来减少二氧化碳的排放，故答案为 A。3. India has accepted the invitation to attend the G8 meeting. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentionedA B C C解析 依据题干的主语 India，我们回到原文去定位，第一段：Representati

11、ves from China, India, Mexico, South Africa and Brazil have also been invited.原文只是说印度受到邀请，但并未说明印度接受邀请，故答案为 C。4. Bush agrees to increase aid to Africa. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentionedA B C B解析 依据题干的主语 Bush，我们回到原文去定位，很容易发现第三段有相关的信息：But he says he doesn“t like the idea of increasing aid to countries as

12、 it will increase corruption布什不愿意增加对非洲的资助，故答案为 B。5. Chirac takes a stand similar to Blair“s on Africa and climate change. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentionedA B C A解析 依据题干的主语 Chirac，我们回到原文去定位，很容易发现第四段有相关的信息：French President Jacques Chirac supports Blair On Africa and climate change. Chirac支持布莱尔对非洲和气候改变的

13、相关主张，这跟题干所表达的意思是一致的，故正确答案为 A。6. According to media, Bush will sign the Kyoto Protocol at the summit. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentionedA B C B解析 依据题干的主语 Bush和 Kyoto Protocol， 我们回到原文去定位，发现第三段有相关信息：The US is the only G8 member not to have signed the Kyoto Protocol (京都议定书). Although the US is the world“s

14、biggest polluter, Bush so far refuses to believe there is sufficient scientific data to establish beyond a doubt that there is a problem.美国是目前 G8成员国中唯一没有签署京都议定书的国家，并且目前也拒绝相信碳排放会带来相关问题。题干所陈述部分与原文信息不符，故答案为 B。7. Japan will reject Blair“s proposal to increase aid to Africa. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mention

15、edA B C C解析 依据题干的主语 Japan和 Blair，我们回到原文去定位，不难看出文章最后一段叙述了日本的态度，但是原文并未提到日本是否会拒绝布莱尔的提案。故答案为 C。Why is the Native Language Learnt So Well?How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact.

16、A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most cases, may end up with a faulty and inexact command. What accounts for this difference?Despite other explanations, the real answer in my

17、opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all, namely, the first years of life. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in

18、its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, and right use of words and right structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, everbubbling spring. There is no resistance: there is perfect assimilation.Then the child has, as it were, private l

19、essons all the year round, while an adult language-student has each week a limited number of hours, which he generally shares with others. The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here

20、there is nothing unnatural, such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January. And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again, when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are

21、understood and fulfilled.Finally, though a child“s “teachers“ may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy.8. Compared with adults learning a foreign language, children learn their native lang

22、uage with ease. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentionedA B C A解析 题干大意：与学习外语的成年人相比，儿童学习母语很容易。该问题是考查考生对事实的判断。利用答案线索词 adults和 children，我们很快在第一段首句中发现 children，而在随后的一句中发现adults。研究这两句话的语意：前一句提到为什么孩子学母语学得这么好；后一句接着提到当我们把孩子和学习外语的成年人比较时，我们发现了这个有趣的事实。依据这两句判断题干实际上是对原文这两个句子的总结说明。9. Adults“ knowledge and mental powers hi

23、nder their complete mastery of a foreign language. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentionedA B C C解析 题干大意：成年人的知识和智力阻碍了他们对外语的掌握。该问题也是考查考生对事实的判断。利用答案线索词 mental powers，我们很快在第一段的第四句中发现 mental powers，该句提到在大多数情况下，智力充分发展的成年人对外语的掌握是错误的和不准确的。但原文中并没提及“成年人的知识与智力和学习外语之间有何关系”，故答案为 C。10. The reason why children learn thei

24、r mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentionedA B C B解析 题干大意：儿童母语学得好只是因为他们的学习环境。该问题也是考查考生对事实的判断。该问题句的说法太绝对，故判断答案为 B。11. Plenty of practice in listening during the first years of life partly ensures children“s success of learning their mother ton

25、gue. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentionedA B C A解析 题干大意：早年大量的听力练习是儿童成功地学习母语的一个原因。利用答案线索词 the first years of life我们很快在第二段的第二句中发现相关句。该句提到早年学习母语的时间是最有益的。接下来的一句突出地说明了儿童期听力练习的形式。故答案为 A。12. A child learning his native language has the advantage of having private lessons all the year round. A.Right B.Wrong C.No

26、t mentionedA B C B解析 题干大意：儿童学习母语的优势是可以常年上私人辅导课。借助常识可判断该句的说法不正确。利用答案线索词 all the year round我们很快在第三段的第一句中发现直接相关句。比较原句和问题句的结构，发现不同之处在于 as it were的结构。as it were：仿佛是。故答案为 B。13. Gestures and facial expressions may assist a child in mastering his native language. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentionedA B C A解析 题干大

27、意：手势和面部表情可能会对儿童掌握母语有帮助。利用答案线索词 Gestures and facial expressions我们很快在第三段的第二句中发现直接相关句。故答案为 A。14. So far as language teaching is concerned, the teacher“s close personal relationship with the student is more important than the professional language teaching training he has received. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not

28、 mentionedA B C C解析 题干大意：就语言教学而言，教师与学生的亲密关系比教师接受的专门培训更重要。答案线索词为 teachers。文章的最后一段提到了“教师”，但只是提到教师与学生的关系是亲密的，而问题句的说法并不与原文矛盾，故答案为 C。Job or Money?Would you quit your job if you didn“t need the money? In a 1990 poll by the Gallop Organization, many people said quitting work was an important reason to be r

29、ich. Yet researchers find that work is one of life“s chief satisfactions for people.Consider Berry Fowler. In 1979, Fowler started a tutoring company that became so successful he was able to sell out and retire in 1987a multimillionaire at 40. He bought a 50-foot cabin cruiser and a house in Hawaii,

30、 and busied himself vacationing.But after five years of perpetual vacation, Flower began to miss the challenges of work. So in 1992, he bought a fitness chain for children and now spends 75 hours a week immersed in balance sheets and staff meetings. “My best days on the golf course weren“t half as m

31、uch fun as a good day at the office,“ he says.A job, studies show, is more than a paycheck. Doing something well can increase confidence and self-worth. When sociologist H. Ray Kaplan surveyed 139 lottery millionaires, he discovered 60 percent continued working at least a year after they“d won.If jo

32、bs are so important, wouldn“t salary size be a gauge of job satisfaction? Americans think so. A survey, conducted last year by Roper Starch Worldwide, Inc., found that almost 70 percent of the respondents said they would be happier if their families had twice as much household income. Yet studies sh

33、ow that job satisfaction comes less from how much people earn than from the challenge of their jobs and the control they are able to exert. Work that doesn“t engage a person will never seem rewarding, no matter how lucrative it becomes.15. The Gallop poll shows many people want to be rich in order n

34、ot to work. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentionedA B C A解析 题干大意：盖洛普民意调查显示，很多人为了不工作而想要变得富有。文章第一段第二句：In a 1990 poll by the Gallop Organization, many people said quitting work was an important reason to be rich. 1990年的盖洛普民意调查显示，很多人想变富有的一个重要理由是想辞掉工作，题干所述与原文信息一致，故答案为 A。16. Some researchers did another survey a

35、fter the Gallop poll. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentionedA B C C解析 题干大意：盖洛普民意调查之后，研究者又做了其他的调查。文章第一段最后一句提到：Yet researchers find that work is one of life“s chief satisfactions for people.句子大意是“研究人员发现，工作是人们生活满足感的主要来源之一”，但是并没有说研究人员又做了其他的调查。故答案为 C。17. Berry Fowler was no longer busy after he retired. A.Right

36、 B.Wrong C.Not mentionedA B C B解析 题干大意：Berry Fowler 在退休后便不再忙碌。文章第三段提到：So in 1992and now spends 75 hours a week immersed in balance sheets and staff meetings, 故答案为 B。18. According to Berry Fowler, his pastime wasn“t as funny as working at office. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentionedA B C A解析 题干大意：据 Berry

37、Fowler所说，他的娱乐时间不如他的工作时间那么有趣。第三段最后一句提到：My best days on the golf course weren“t half as much fun as a good day at the office, he says.在高尔夫球场最好的时光远不及工作中美好的一天那么有趣。由此可知题干所述与文章信息一致，故答案为 A。19. Work is important in that it offers pay, increases confidence and self-worth. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentionedA B C

38、 A解析 题干大意：工作是重要的，因为它既提供工资，也可以增强信心和自我价值感。文章第四段前两句提到：A job, studies show, is more than a paycheck. Doing something well can increase confidence and self-worth.故答案为 A。20. Studies show that job satisfaction comes mainly from people“s income. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentionedA B C B解析 题干大意：研究表明工作的满足感主要来自于人

39、们的收入。文章最后一段的倒数第二句提到：Yet studies show that job satisfaction comes less from how much people earn than from the challenge of their jobs and the control they are able to exert.研究显示，相对于收入的多少，人们的工作满足感更多的是来自于工作中的挑战和他们能够发挥的控制力的大小。由此可知题干所述与文章信息相反，故答案为 B。21. The Roper Starch Worldwide survey found that most

40、Americans find jobs of higher pay more satisfying. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentionedA B C A解析 题干大意：Roper Starch Worldwide 的调查显示，大多数美国人认为薪水较高的工作更让人满意。文章最后一段的第二句提到：A survey, conducted last year by Roper Starch Worldwide, Inc., found that almost 70 percent of the respondents said they would be happier if

41、 their families had twice as much household income.约 70的调查对象表示，如果家庭收入能加倍，他们会更加满意。由此可知题干所述与文章信息一致，故答案为 A。Winners and LosersWhy are the biggest winners in the past decade of trade globalization mostly in South and East Asia, whereas the biggest losers are mostly in the former Soviet bloc (集团) and sub-

42、Saharan Africa? History is a partial guide: East Asia has a long trading tradition, lately reinvigorated (给以新的活力) by the Chinese adoption of market economics. The Soviet Union, on the other hand, Was sheltered from free-market forces for more than 70 years. In Africa, some countries are disadvantage

43、d because of inadequate infrastructure (基础结构); many countries have little to trade but commodities, the prices of which have fallen in recent years.In some regions, certain countries have suffered by adopting misguided policies, often under pressure from International Monetary Fund. First among thes

44、e is Russia, which in the early 1990s tried to embrace capitalism before first building the institutions that make capitalism work, such as an independent bank system, a system of business law, and all adequate methods for collecting taxes. Encouraged by the IMF, the World Bank and the US Department

45、 of the Treasury, President Boris Yeltsin“s regime privatized the state owned industrial sector, creating a class of oligarchs (寡头政治集团成员), who, knowing how unstable conditions were at home, sent their money abroad instead of investing it at home.In contrast, China, the biggest winner from globalizat

46、ion, did not follow the IMF formula. Of the former states of the Soviet bloc, only a few, notably Poland and Hungary, managed to grow, which they did by ignoring IMF advice and adopting expansionary plans, including spending more than they collected in taxes. Botswana and Uganda are also Success sto

47、ries, despite their disadvantages, their countries achieved vigorous growth by creating stable civil societies, liberalizing trade and implementing reforms that ran counter to IMF prescriptions.22. Japan has a long trading tradition. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentionedA B C A解析 题干大意：日本具有悠久的贸易历史。这道题的依据是第

48、一段中的一句话：East Asia has a long trading tradition.日本是东亚国家，因而具有悠久的贸易历史。23. Russia was wrongly guided by the IMF. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentionedA B C A解析 题干大意：俄罗斯被国际货币基金组织误导了。本题的依据可以在第二段的开头找到：In some regions, certain countries have suffered by adopting misguided policies, often under pressure from Inter

49、national Monetary Fund. First among these is Russia有些国家在国际货币基金组织(IMF)的强制下而采取了错误的政策，因而深受其害，俄罗斯就是这些国家中的一个。题干大意与原文是一致的，故答案选 A。24. All African countries followed the IMF formula. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentionedA B C B解析 题干大意：所有非洲国家都采纳了国际货币基金组织的方案。在文章最后一段最后一句提到：Botswana and Uganda are also success stories: despite their disadvantages, their countries achieved vigorous growth by creating stable civil societies, liberalizing trade and implementing reforms that ran counter