职称英语卫生类C级-31及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语卫生类 C 级-31 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.He was a very smart boy but he made a foolish decision this time. A. clever B. silly C. brave D. shy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Our party is perfect due to our careful plan. A. excellent B. normal C. common D. casual（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.

2、Clearly, he will win the game. A. likely B. possibly C. obviously D. strangely（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.John removed his overcoat. A. took away B. left aside C. took off D. washed off（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The interpretation is faulty. A. wrong B. ambiguous C. unclear D. unbelievable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.It is im

3、portant for you to raise more capitals to set up a company. A. money B. energy C. savings D. income（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.I rarely play cards. A. naturally B. seldom C. often D. usually（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.He achieved success through hard work. A. reached B. attained C. reaped D. took（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Wh

4、en the millionaire died, his son was left a lot of wealth. A. luck B. resource C. property D. formation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The story was touching. A. inspiring B. boring C. moving D. frightening（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Would you please call my husband as soon as possible? A. contact B. consult C. phone D

5、. visit（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The plan is put off because of the lack of money. A. held B. delayed C. spread D. cancelled（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The new teacher gave us a rather boring lesson. A. strange B. simple C. interesting D. dull（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Loud noise can be annoying. A. hateful B. painful C

6、. horrifying D. irritating（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Tell me the exact time when the next plain will leave. A. aware B. accurate C. actual D. abroad（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Help Your Child Become a ReaderEncouraging early reading skills can build a path to a lifelong (终身的) love of readi

7、ng and can help your child get a head start in school. While reading to your child is still the most important thing you can do to build reading skills, there are many techniques that can help.Make reading fun. Play games with your child as you read. Many traditional childrens games can be adapted t

8、o encourage reading skills.While reading or during play tell your child, “I spy with my little eye, something that begins with the letter b.“ Help the child find something on the page or in the room that begins with that letter. For example, “I see a barn.“ This can also be used to teach beginning l

9、etter sounds. “I spy with my little eye. Something that begins with the sounds.“ Help the child find a word that begins with the “s“ sound. “In this variation on the popular game instruct the child that,“ Simon says, “point to something that starts with the letter n.“ The child can then find an obje

10、ct in the room or a body part, such as the nose, that starts with the letter presented. This can also be used to teach beginning sounds.Make a game out of rhyming (押韵)words by making up silly words to rhyme with the childs name or favorite toys. This sets the stage for rhyming real words by showing

11、the child the similarities of sounds. As the child masters making up the words, begin rhyming real words to one another. Tips to raise a successful reader:Put books in places where the child plays. If books are easily accessible, children are more likely to pick them up.Let children “read to you“ by

12、 looking at pictures. Making up stories to go along with illustrations helps children discover how words relate to pictures.Take books along on trips or even short visits to the doctors office or grocery store.Have children help you shop. Reading grocery lists and looking for specific items helps bu

13、ild sight vocabulary.（分数：7.00）(1).A good reading habit can help your child do well at school.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Computer games call be used to help children develop their reading skills.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).One of the useful games is to play spy.（分数：1.00）A

14、.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).When playing a game you should ask your child to find something starting with the letter b instead of c.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The purpose of the rhyming games is to make preparations for children to write poems.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentione

15、d(6).You can ask your child to tell stories based on pictures.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).You should take books with you when you go out with your child.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00) A. The Organization of An Article B. Check Your Reading Speed

16、 C. A Way to Increase Your Reading Speed D. Check Your Understanding E. Read Something Every Day F. Read Extensively（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. find the topic sentences B. find out th

17、e new words C. keep reading fast D. go to bed every day E. keep a note of their reading speed F. look at your watch every few minutes（分数：4.00）(1).You are advised to read something before you 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).In “Speed Reading“ courses, teachers often asks students to 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).You c

18、an improve your reading speed if you 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).It will help you to understand the article if you 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Online Cancer Chat with a Safety NetCancer Research U.K. has lanched an online chat forum for cancer patients to swap storie

19、s and share experiences on how to cope with such a devastating disease.But Cancer Chat is a forum with a difference: it has an information safety net.This means that a Cancer Research U.K. team will keep a watching brief to ensure that patients are not subjected to rogue “cancer cures“ or scientific

20、ally unsound information.Anyone can have access to the messages posted on Cancer Chat but if people wish to post a message they will need to register.And Rebekah Gibbs, cancer patient and star of TVs Casualty has pledged her support for the new project. “I think Cancer Chat is a brilliant idea,“ she

21、 said. “I have written a public diary about what I went through with breast cancer and I have had such a heart-warming response from other people going through the same thing.“The idea of a Cancer Chat forum means you can share information about treatment and side effects and you can really open up

22、about your feelings online in a way that can be difficult when talking to close friends and family. And with Cancer Research U.K. monitoring the forum people can be reassured about the quality of information being exchanged. “Cancer Chat will also encourage its users to check out any cancer question

23、s on its CancerHelp U.K. website which is specially designed to give patients and their families 6,000 pages of up-to-date information that is easy to understand and explains a wide range of treatments for different types of cancer and gives details of clinical trials. There is also a U.K. database

24、of cancer clinical trials.The award-winning website attracts around one million visitors a month and Cancer Research U.K. hopes that some of these visitors will also want to post comments on the Cancer.For those who do not have access to computers and have questions about cancer, the charitys team o

25、f cancer information nurses are available during office hours to talk over patients concerns on the phone.（分数：15.00）(1).Cancer Chat is different from other forums in that _.（分数：3.00）A.it has the support of a famous actressB.it is a source of reliable informationC.it provides a huge amount of informa

26、tionD.it attracts a great number of visitors(2).Which is NOT true of Rebekah Gibbs?（分数：3.00）A.She is a well-known figure in Britain.B.She got breast cancer some time ago.C.She thinks highly of Cancer Chat.D.She has written a private diary.(3).All the statements about the messages posted on Cancer Ch

27、at are true EXCEPT _.（分数：3.00）A.they are available to all visitors.B.their writers get paid for them.C.they concern not just treatments and side effects.D.they are also an emotional outlet for their writers.(4).CancerHelp U.K. is a website that _.（分数：3.00）A.offers lots of information on cancer treat

28、ment and clinical trialsB.attracts numerous visitorsC.has won an awardD.all of the above(5).“The charity“ in the last line but one refers to _.（分数：3.00）A.Cancer Research U.K.B.Cancer ChatC.CancerHelp U.K.D.TVs Casualty六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Human Heart Can Make New CellsSolving a longstanding mystery,

29、 scientists have found that the human heart continues to generate new cardiac cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age.The finding, published in the April 3 issue of Science, could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases such as heart failur

30、e and heart attack, experts say.“We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes, are renewed,“ said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen, a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. “It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the card

31、iomyocytes we are born with or if they could be renewed,“ he said.The process of renewing these ceils changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20-year-old, about 1 percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year, but the turnover rate decreases with age to only 0.45 percent by age 75.“If we can under

32、stand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated, it may potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after, for example, a heart attack,“ Frisen said.That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts. “A lot of people su

33、ffer from chronic heart failure,“ noted co-author Dr. Ratan Bhardwaj, also from the Karolinska Institute. “Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying,“ he said.With this finding, scientists are “opening the door to potential therapies to having ourselves heal ourselves,“ Bhardwaj said. “May

34、be one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing.“But barriers remain. According to Bhardwaj, scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are

35、 dying off, especially in older patients with heart failure. In addition, the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts-whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.（分数：15.00）(1).The human heart stops producing cardiac cells _.（分数：3

36、.00）A.when a person is bornB.when a person becomes oldC.when a person gets sickD.when a person dies(2).The finding could prove to be helpful to _.（分数：3.00）A.the study of longstanding mysteriesB.the analysis of cardiac cellsC.the prevention of chronic diseasesD.the treatment of heart disease(3).The p

37、eople whore in their mid-70s, only 0.45 percent of cardiomyocytes _.（分数：3.00）A.are still functionalB.are replaced each yearC.are lost each yearD.are damaged each year(4).Chronic heart failure is associated with _.（分数：3.00）A.the death of heart cellsB.the life span of a personC.the effects of pharmace

38、uticalsD.the weight of the patient(5).It remains unknown whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts _.（分数：3.00）A.changes over timeB.can be monitoredC.is the same as that in healthy heartsD.is high enough to replace cells faster than theyre dying off七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Eat More, Weigh Less

39、, Live LongerClever genetic detective work may have found out the reason why a near-starvation diet prolongs the life of many animals.Ronald Kahn at Harvard Medical School in Boston, U.S., and his colleagues have been able to extend the lifespan (寿命) of mice by 18 per cent by blocking the rodents (啮

40、齿动物) increase of fat in specific cells. This suggests that thinness-and not necessarily diet-promotes long life in “calorie (热量卡) restricted“ animals.“Its very cool work,“ says aging researcher Cynthia Kenyon of the University of California, San Francisco. “These mice eat all they want, lose weight

41、and live longer. Its like heaven.“Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodents. Whether this works in humans is still unknown partly because few people are willing to submit to such a strict diet.But many researchers hope they will be able to t

42、rigger the same effect with a drug once they understand how less food leads to a longer life. One theory is that eating less reduces the increase of harmful things that can damage cells. But Kahns team wondered whether the animals simply benefit by becoming thin.To find out, they used biology tricks

43、 to disrupt the insulin (胰岛素) receptor (受体) gene in lab mice, but only in their fat cells. “Since insulin is needed to help fat cells store fat, these animals were protected against becoming fat,“ explains Kahn.This slight genetic change in a single tissue had dramatic effects. By three months of ag

44、e, Kahns modified mice had up to 70 per cent less body fat than normal control mice, despite the fact that they ate 55 per cent more food per gram of body weight.In addition, their lifespan increased. The average control mouse lived 753 days, while the thin rodents averaged a lifespan of 887 days. A

45、fter three years, all the control mice had died, but one-quarter of the modified rodents were still alive.“That they get these effects by just manipulating the fat cells is controversial,“ says Leonard Guarente of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who studies calorie restriction and aging.B

46、ut Guarente says Kahn has yet to prove that the same effect is responsible for increased lifespan in calorie-restricted animals. “It might be the same effect or there might be two routes to long life,“ he points out, “and that would be very interesting./（分数：15.00）(1).Ronald Kahn and his colleagues c

47、an make mice live longer by _.（分数：3.00）A.offering them less foodB.giving them a balanced dietC.disrupting the specific genes in their fat cellsD.preventing them growing larger(2).According to the passage, we do not know whether humans will benefit from taking in fewer calories partly because _.（分数：3

48、.00）A.humans, worms and rodents are differentB.most people are not willing to be put on a strict dietC.the effect is not knownD.genetic changes in tissues can not be performed on humans(3).What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply?（分数：3.00）A.People like to lose weight, but they do not

49、 like to eat lessB.People want to go to heaven, but they do not want to dieC.Mice will go to heaven if they lose weightD.Mice enjoy losing weight(4).The average modified mouse lived _.（分数：3.00）A.3 yearsB.753 daysC.More than 3 yearsD.887 days(5).What can be inferred from the passage about the route to long life?（分