职称英语卫生类B级真题2016年及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语卫生类 B 级真题 2016 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.We are aware of the potential problems.（分数：1.00）A.globalB.ongoingC.possibleD.central2.The revelation of his past led to his resignation.（分数：1.00）A.imaginationB.disclosureC.confirmationD.recall3.Her overall language profic

2、iency remains that of a toddler .（分数：1.00）A.disabledB.babyC.pupilD.teenager4.All houses within 100 metres of the seas are at risk of flooding.（分数：1.00）A.out of controlB.in dangerC.between equalsD.in particular5.The phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma .（分数：1.00）A.fearB.joyC.memoryD.hurt6.T

3、he course gives you basic instruction in car maintenance.（分数：1.00）A.ideaB.termC.aspectD.coaching7.The new garment fits her perfectly.（分数：1.00）A.haircutB.purseC.clothesD.necklace8.We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.（分数：1.00）A.stableB.suitableC.adaptableD.changeable9.You“l

4、l have to sprint if you want to catch the train.（分数：1.00）A.jumpB.escapeC.prepareD.run10.The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.（分数：1.00）A.warmB.severeC.hardD.dry11.Stock market price tumbled after rumor of a rise in interest rate.（分数：1.00）A.regulatedB.inc

5、reasedC.fellD.maintained12.They have built canals to irrigate the desert.（分数：1.00）A.decorateB.changeC.visitD.water13.The idea was quite brilliant .（分数：1.00）A.positiveB.keyC.originalD.clever14.The details of the costume were totally authentic .（分数：1.00）A.outstandingB.realC.creativeD.false15.Jensen is

6、 a dangerous man, and can be very brutal .（分数：1.00）A.carelessB.strongC.hardD.cruel二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart AttackGerman researchers have come up with a new generation of defibrillators (除颤器) and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients gre

7、ater protection from sudden death from cardiac arrest (心脏骤停). In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases are caused by disruption to the heart“s rhythm. Those most at risk are patients who have already suffered a heart attack, and for ye

8、ars the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosing life-threatening disruptions to heart rhythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds. These devices take on a range of functions, such as that of pacemaker. Heart specialists at Freiburg“s University Clinic have n

9、ow achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator capable of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram (ECG) within the body. This integrated system allows early diagnosis of acute blood-flow problems and a pending (潜在的) heart attack. It will be implanted in patients for the first time thi

10、s year. Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed a new computer software that renders the evaluation of ECG data more precise. The overwhelming majority of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this r

11、eason undergo regular ECGs. “Many of the current programs only take into account a linear correlation of the data. We are, however, making use of a non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,“ Hagen Knaf says. “In this way changes in the heart b

12、eats over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients taken into account.“ An old study of ECG data, based upon 600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show that the new software evaluates the data considerably better.（

13、分数：7.00）(1).A new type of defibrillators can be used to prevent cardiovascular diseases.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Cardiac arrest is caused mostly by disruption to the heart“s rhythm.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Defibrillators are useful in curing patients constantly unde

14、r the threat of heart attack.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The new computer software is designed by a German Company.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The non-linear process has taken into account the individual variations in patients.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The

15、 early-warning software is unique in its data collection.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The researchers proved the validity of the new software via ECG data of an old study.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Seek Health and WellnessWhether you are busy

16、studying or starting clerkship, it is absolutely essential to maintain health and well-being throughout your medical career. Some ways are useful in trying to stay healthy and active. Hopefully you can take them! Staring at a laptop screen for a prolonged (长时间的) period of time not only dries out our

17、 eyes but also begins to take a toll on our efficiency. If you find yourself staring at the same slide for more than 15 minutes, take a nice walk outside! Different types of nuts are great brain food! Nuts of any kind can easily be absorbed into your daily meals. They go great with milk and salads.

18、To add in the nutritious value of nuts, they serve as a source of protein (蛋白质) while helping to raise HDL, the “good cholesterol (胆固醇)“ in our bodies. If you“re a coffee lover, try switching it up from time to time. Carbonated water is a good substitute every now and then. There are no calories, co

19、mpared to regular sodas (碳酸饮料), and the carbonation adds a little fizz (嘶嘶声) that can help keep you awake and refreshed. It“s easy to feel nervous about medical practice, but if you keep your mind focused on the big picture and acknowledge what you“ve done instead of what you haven“t, your mindset w

20、ill take a turn for the greater good. Being confident and staying positive changes your mood and outlook, making the workload more manageable. We may have something called “puppy therapy“. It“s important to have something that is “your thing“, something that you enjoy doing that helps you connect wi

21、th the outside world. That can be anything that can relax your mind and re-energize your body without taking a huge mass out of your busy day.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1 A. Eat some nuts B. Think positive C. Stare at the laptop screen D. Reduce the workload schedule E. Substitute coffee for a healthi

22、er drink F. Take a walk（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(5).Health and wellness are needed in 1. A. a medical career B. an attentive mind C. nutritious nuts D. carbonated water E. the greater good F. body and mind（分数：1.00）(6).Puppy therapy refers

23、 to something that activates your 1.（分数：1.00）(7).To reduce anxiety of becoming a doctor, you need to set your mind on 1.（分数：1.00）(8).It“s advisable to replace coffee with 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize AnnouncementsTwo scientists who

24、have won praise for research into the growth of cancer cells could be candidates for the Nobel Prize in medicine when the 2008 winners are presented on Monday, kicking off six days of Nobel announcements. Australian-born US citizen Elizabeth Blackburn and American Carol Greider have already won a se

25、ries of medical honors for their enzyme (酶) research and experts say they could be among the front-runners for a Nobel. Among the pair“s possible rivals are Frenchman Pierre Chambon and Americans Ronald Evans and Elwood Jensen, who opened up the field of studying proteins called nuclear hormone rece

26、ptors (受体). As usual, the tight-lipped award committee is giving no hints about who is in the running before presenting its decision in a news conference at Stockholm“s Karolinska Institute. Alfred Nobel, the Swede who invented dynamite (炸药), established the prizes in his will in the categories of m

27、edicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace. The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968 creation of Sweden“s central bank. Nobel left few instructions on how to select winners, but medicine winners are typically awarded for a specific breakthrough rather than a body of research.

28、 Hans Jornvall, secretary of the medicine prize committee, said the 10 million kronor (瑞典克朗) (US $1.3 million) prize encourages groundbreaking research but he did not think winning it was the primary goal for scientists. “Individual researchers probably don“t look at themselves as potential Nobel Pr

29、ize winners when they“re at work,“ Jornvall told The Associated Press. “They get their kicks from their research and their interest in how life functions.“ In 2006, Blackburn, of the University of California, San Francisco, and Greider, of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, shared the Lasker pri

30、ze for basic medical research with Jack Szostak of Harvard Medical School. Their work set the stage for research suggesting that cancer cells use telomerase (端粒酶) to sustain (维持) their uncontrolled growth.（分数：15.00）(1).Who is most unlikely to win the Nobel Prize in medicine?（分数：3.00）A.Carol Greider.

31、B.Pierre Chambon.C.Hans Jornvall.D.Elizabeth Blackburn.(2).Which is NOT true of Alfred Nobel?（分数：3.00）A.He was from Sweden.B.He left clear instructions on how to select winners.C.He invented dynamite.D.He established the Nobel Prizes in his will.(3).Originally the Nobel Prizes did NOT include _.（分数：

32、3.00）A.the peace prizeB.the economics prizeC.the literature prizeD.the medicine prize(4).The word “kicks“ in Paragraph 8 probably means _.（分数：3.00）A.moneyB.respectC.knowledgeD.enjoyment(5).Telomerase may play a key role in _.（分数：3.00）A.the unchecked growth of cancer cellsB.the killing of cancer cell

33、sC.the division of normal cellsD.the transmission of viruses六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Ethnic Tensions in BelgiumBelgium has given the world Audrey Hepburn, Ren6 Magritte (surrealist artist), the saxophone (萨克斯管) and deep-fried potato chips that are somehow called French. But the story behind this flat, t

34、wice-Beijing-size country is of a bad marriage between two nationalities living together that cannot stand each other. With no new government, more than a hundred days after a general election, rumors run wild that the country is about to disappear. “We are two different nations, an artificial state

35、. With nothing in common except a king, chocolate and beer,“ said Filip Dewinter, the leader of the Flemish Bloc, the extreme-right Flemish party. Radical Flemish separatists like Mr Dewinter want to divide the country horizontally along ethnic and economic lines: to the north, Flanderswhere Dutch (

36、known locally as Flemish) is spoken and money is increasingly made; to the south, French-speaking Wallonia, where today old factories dominate the landscape. The area of present-day Belgium passed to the French in the 18th century. Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, Belgium was given to the k

37、ingdom of the Netherlands, from which it gained independence as a separate kingdom in 1830. Since then, it has struggled for cohesion (结合). Anyone who has spoken French in a Flemish city quickly gets a sense of the mutual hostility that is part of daily life there. But there are reasons Belgium is l

38、ikely to stay together, at least in the short term. The economies of the two regions are tightly linked, and separation would be a financial nightmare. But there is also deep resentment in Flanders that its much healthier economy must subsidize (补贴) the south, where unemployment is double that of th

39、e north. French speakers in the south, meanwhile, favor the status quo (现状). Belgium has made it through previous threats of division. Although some political analysts believe this one is different, there is no panic just now. “We must not worry too much,“ said Baudouin Bruggeman, a 55-year-old scho

40、ol-teacher. “Belgium has survived on compromise since 1930. You have to remember that this is Magritte“s country, the country of surrealism. Anything can happen.“（分数：15.00）(1).Who was Magritte?（分数：3.00）A.A surrealist artist.B.A French novelist.C.A saxophonist.D.A separatist.(2).When did Belgium beco

41、me an independent kingdom?（分数：3.00）A.In 1800.B.In 1815.C.In 1830.D.In 1930.(3).Which statement about Belgium is NOT true?（分数：3.00）A.It is twice as big as Beijing.B.It has two major ethnic groups.C.It has gone through quite a few threats of division.D.It has no government.(4).What does this passage m

42、ainly talk about?（分数：3.00）A.Surrealist artists.B.Belgium“s economy.C.Cultural clashes in Belgium.D.Present-day Belgium.(5).The word “stand“ in Paragraph 2 means _.（分数：3.00）A.handleB.meetC.bearD.combine七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)How Deafness Makes It Easier to HearMost people think of Beethoven“s hearing l

43、oss as an obstacle to composing music. However, he produced his most powerful works in the last decade of his life when he was completely deaf. This is one of the most glorious cases of the triumph of will over adversity, but his biographer, Maynard Solomon, takes a different view. Solomon argues th

44、at Beethoven“s deafness “heightened“ his achievement as a composer. In his deaf world Beethoven could experiment, free from the sounds of the outside world, free to create new forms and harmonies. Hearing loss does not seem to affect the musical ability of musicians who become deaf. They continue to

45、 “hear“ music with as much, or greater, accuracy than if they were actually hearing it being played. Michael Eagar, who died in 2003, became deaf at the age of 21. He described a phenomenon that happened within three months: “My former musical experiences began to play back to me. I couldn“t differe

46、ntiate between what I heard and real hearing. After many years, it is still rewarding to listen to these playbacks, to “hear“ music which is new to me and to find many quiet accompaniments for all of my moods.“ How is it that the world we see, touch, hear, and smell is both “out there“ and at the sa

47、me time within us? There is no better example of this connection between external stimulus and internal perception than the cochlear implant (人工耳蜗). No man-made device could replace the ability to hear. However, it might be possible to use the brain“s remarkable power to make sense of the electrical

48、 signals the implant produces. When Michael Eagar first “switched on“ his cochlear implant, the sounds he heard were not at all clear. Gradually, with much hard work, he began to identify everyday sounds. “The insistent ringing of the telephone became clear almost at once.“ The primary purpose of th

49、e implant is to allow communication with others. When people spoke to Eagar, he heard their voices “coming through like a long-distance telephone call on a poor connection“. But when it came to his beloved music, the implant was of no help. When he wanted to appreciate music, Eagar played the piano. He said, “I play the piano as I used to and hear it in my head at the same time. The movement of my fingers and the feel of the keys give added “clarity“ to hearing in my head.“ Cochlear implants allow the deaf to hear again in a way that is not perfect, but which can change th