职称英语卫生类B级模拟78及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语卫生类 B 级模拟 78 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.She exhibited great powers of endurance during the climb.（分数：1.00）A.playedB.sentC.showedD.told2.The eternal motion of the stars fascinated him.（分数：1.00）A.longB.never-endingC.boringD.extensive3.It“s almost impossible to find

2、him in the immense ocean.（分数：1.00）A.naturalB.fatalC.tinyD.enormous4.The book made a great impact on its readers.（分数：1.00）A.forceB.influenceC.surpriseD.power5.Accompanied by cheerful music, we began to dance.（分数：1.00）A.pleasantB.colorfulC.fashionableD.different6.The weather is a constant subject of c

3、onversation in Britain.（分数：1.00）A.questionB.problemC.titleD.topic7.This is not typical of English, but is a feature of the Chinese language.（分数：1.00）A.particularB.characteristicC.remarkableD.idiomatic8.It is virtually impossible to persuade him to apply for the job.（分数：1.00）A.simplyB.almostC.totally

4、D.completely9.These are defensive behavior patterns which derive from our fears.（分数：1.00）A.stemB.relyC.developD.grow10.Only a small minority of the mentally ill are liable to harm themselves or others.（分数：1.00）A.easyB.possibleC.likelyD.difficult11.Can we resume the meeting?（分数：1.00）A.stopB.beginC.st

5、artD.continue12.The movie has a satisfying ending.（分数：1.00）A.pleasingB.sadC.interestingD.horrific13.He tended his grandmother in the hospital.（分数：1.00）A.looked forB.took care ofC.kept upD.eared for14.Keep your room tidy .（分数：1.00）A.messyB.organizedC.beautifulD.neat15.The bad news upset me very much.

6、（分数：1.00）A.disturbedB.saddenedC.angeredD.disappointed二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)BreakfastStudies show that children who eat breakfast do better in school. It doesn“t take much further thought to believe that adults will feel better and perform better at work as well. Whether you work at home, on th

7、e farm, at the office, at school, or on the road, it is not a good idea to skip(故意略去)breakfast. If we don“t eat breakfast, we are likely to become tired when our brains and bodies run low on fuel. By mid-morning, a lot of us grab a cup of coffee, or wolf down a sugary candy bar to wake up again. Thi

8、s might work for a few minutes, but by lunchtime we are hungry, bad-tempered, and perhaps our mood might make us a little more likely to make unhealthy choices at lunch. Eating a good breakfast sets the tone for the rest of the day. People who eat breakfast are generally more likely to maintain a he

9、althy weight. Many people believe that they will lose weight if they skip meals, but that isn“t a good idea. The body expects to be refueled a few times a day, so start with a healthy breakfast. A healthy breakfast should contain some protein(蛋白质)and some fiber(纤维). Protein can come from meat, eggs,

10、 beans, or soy(大豆). Fiber can be found in whole cereals(谷物), grains or in fruits. A good example of a healthy breakfast might be something simple like a hard boiled egg, an orange, and a bowl of whole grain cereal with soy milk.（分数：7.00）(1).Adults who eat breakfast will perform better at work.（分数：1.

11、00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).It is okay to skip breakfast if you work at home.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Men are more likely to skip breakfast than women.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).A person who skips breakfast is more likely to eat unhealthily at lunch.（分数：1.00）A

12、.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Skipping breakfast is a good strategy for losing weight.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).A simple breakfast cannot be a healthy breakfast.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).People who eat breakfast are seldom in a bad mood.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not

13、mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Electromagnetic Energy1. White light seems to be a combination of all colors. The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see. Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light. On a cloudy day it is possible to

14、get a sunburn even though you feel cool. Visible light and the kinds of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy. 2. The sun is 93 million miles from the earth. Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space. 3. Many other

15、 kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy. Radio, television, and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves. Infrared(红外线的)radiation is an electromagnetic wave. When it is absorbed by matter, heat is produced. Waves of infrared and visibl

16、e light have more energy than waves of radio, television, or radar. Ultraviolet rays(紫外线)and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy. Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal li

17、ving. Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms. X-rays and gamma rays have so much energy that they travel right through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer. X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal, and in medicine to reveal broke

18、n bones. 4. Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy. The source of most of our energy is the sun. Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate. When the water falls to the earth as rain, some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators. Other genera

19、tors are powered by coal, but the energy stored in coal came from the sun, too. 5. Until recently, the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle. If the sun depended on chemical reactions, it would have used up all its energy long ago. Experiments with electromagnet

20、ic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy. About forty years after the theory was proposed, nuclear energy was harnessed(利用)by man. Chemical energy comes from electron(电子) rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chemical

21、reactions, nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel. We now believe that the sun“s energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium(氦). 6. Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate el

22、ectricity. It is also being used to operate engines in large ships. Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 3 1 A. Nuclear Reactions as the Lasting Source of the Sun“s Energy B. The Most Important Source of Energy C. Types of Electromag

23、netic Energy D. X-rays Are Used to Detect and Treat Cancer E. Seeking New Sources of Energy F. Nuclear Energy Is Beginning to Compete with Coal（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 6 1（分数：1.00）(5).Visible light that produce warmth is an example of 1. A. electroma

24、gnetic energy B. electromagnetic energy travels through space C. came from the sun D. when a change in the nucleus of an atom takes place E. when the sunrays are fierce F. chemical energy is generated（分数：1.00）(6).We can use energy from the sun because 1.（分数：1.00）(7).The energy stored in coal 1.（分数：1

25、.00）(8).When electron rearrangement takes place 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Thirst for OilWorldwide every day, we devour the energy equivalent of about 200 million barrels of oil. Most of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun. In fact enough energy from the Sun hits

26、the planet“s surface each minute to cover our needs for an entire year, we just need to find an efficient way to use it. So far the energy in oil has been cheaper and easier to get. But as supplies dwindle, this will change, and we will need to cure our addiction to oil. Burning wood satisfied most

27、energy needs until the steam-driven industrial revolution, when energy-dense coal became the fuel of choice. Coal is still used, mostly in power stations, to cover one quarter of our energy needs, but its use has been declining since we started pumping up oil. Coal is the least efficient, unhealthie

28、st and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel, but could make a comeback, as supplies are still plentiful; its reserves are five times larger than oil“s. Today petroleum, a mineral oil obtained from below the surface of the Earth and used to produce petrol, diesel oil and various other chemical s

29、ubstances, provides around 40% of the world“s energy needs, mostly fuelling automobiles. The U.S. consumes a quarter of all oil, and generates a similar proportion of greenhouse gas emissions. The majority of oil comes from the Middle East, which has half of known reserves. But other significant sou

30、rces include Russia, North America, Norway, Venezuela and the North Sea. Alaska“s Arctic National Wildlife Refugel could be a major new U.S. source, to reduce reliance on foreign imports. Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years, though opinions and estimates v

31、ary. We could fast reach an energy crisis in the next few decades, when demand exceeds supply. As conventional reserves become more difficult to access, others such as oil shales and tar sands may be used instead. Petrol could also be obtained from coal. Since we started using fossil fuels, we have

32、released 400 billion tonnes of carbon, and burning the entire reserves could eventually raise world temperatures by 13. Among other horrors, this would result in the destruction of all rainforests and the melting of all Arctic ice.（分数：15.00）(1).“.we will need to cure our addiction to oil.“ Why does

33、the author say so?（分数：3.00）A.Most of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun.B.Oil supply is increasing all the time.C.Demand for oil is increasing all the time.D.Oil supply is decreasing.(2).Which of the following statements is NOT meant by the author, according to the second paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.Wo

34、od wets the fuel of choice before coal.B.The use of coal is declining.C.Coal is the most environmentally unfriendly fuel next to oil.D.Coal reserves are plentiful and will be likely to become the major fuel of choice.(3).Which country is the biggest consumer of petroleum?（分数：3.00）A.The United States

35、.B.Russia.C.Norway.D.Venezuela.(4).What do experts say about the earth“s fuel reserves?（分数：3.00）A.The earth“s fuel reserves will be accessible for the next 50 years.B.There will soon be an energy crisis.C.Conventional reserves will soon become inaccessible.D.Fuel demand will decline.(5).What is NOT

36、the result of consuming fossil fuels according to the last paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.Rainforests wii1 be destroyed.B.Arctic ice will be melted.C.The earth“s temperature will be raised.D.The sea level will go up.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Explorer of the Extreme DeepOceans cover more than two-thirds of our plan

37、et. Yet, just a small fraction of the underwater world has been explored. Now, scientists at the Woods Hotel Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in Massachusetts are building an underwater vehicle that will carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters (21,320 feet). The new machine, known as a manned submer

38、sible or human-operated vehicle (HOV), will replace another one named Alvin which has an amazing record of discovery, playing a key role in various important and famous undersea expeditions. Alvin has been operating for 40 years but can go down only 4,500 meters (14,784 feet). It“s about time for an

39、 upgrade, WHOI researchers say. Alvin was launched in 1964. Since then, Alvin has worked between 200 and 250 days a year, says Daniel Fornari, a marine geologist and director of the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI. During its lifetime, Alvin has carried some 12,000 people on a total of more

40、 than 3,000 dives. A newer, better versions of Alvin is bound to reveal even more surprises about a world that is still full of mysteries, Fornari says. It might also make the job of exploration a little easier. “We take so much for granted on land,“ Fornari says. “We can walk around and see with ou

41、r eyes how big things are. We can see colors, special arrangements.“ Size-wise, the new HOV will be similar to Alvin. It“ll be about 37 feet long. The setting area inside will be a small sphere, about 8 feet wide, like Alvin, it“ll carry a pilot and two passengers. It will be just as maneuverable. I

42、n most other ways, it will give passengers more opportunities to enjoy the view, for one thing. Alvin has only three windows, the new vehicle will have five, with more overlaps so that the passengers and the pilot can see the same thing. Alvin can go up and down at a rate of 30 meters every second,

43、and its maximum speed is 2 knots (about 2.3 miles per hour), while the new vehicle will be able to ascend and descend at 44 meters per second. It“ll reach speeds of 3 knots, or 3.5 miles per hour.（分数：15.00）(1).What is Alvin?（分数：3.00）A.A research institute.B.A transporting vehicle.C.A submersible.D.A

44、 scientist.(2).Which of the following statements is NOT a fact about Alvin?（分数：3.00）A.It can carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters.B.It has played a key role in various important undersea expeditions.C.It was launched in the sixties of the twentieth century.D.It has been used for more than 40 year

45、s.(3).“.a world that is still full of mysteries“ refers to _.（分数：3.00）A.the earthB.out spaceC.the oceanD.Mars(4).In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin similar?（分数：3.00）A.Size.B.Speed.C.Capacity.D.Both A and C.(5).In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin different?（分数：3.00）A.Offering better view

46、s.B.Speed.C.Size.D.Both A and B.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Where Have All the Bees Gone?Scientists who study insects have a real mystery on their hands. All across the country, honeybees are leaving their hives and never returning. Researchers call this phenomenon Colony Collapse Disorder. According to su

47、rveys of beekeepers across the country, 25 to 40 percent of the honeybees in the United States have vanished from their hives since last fall. So far, no one can explain why. Colony collapse is a serious concern because bees play an important role in the production of about one-third of the foods we

48、 eat. As they feed, honeybees spread pollen from flower to flower. Without this process, a plant can“t produce seeds or fruits. Now, a group of scientists and beekeepers have teamed up to try to figure out what“s causing the alarming collapse of so many colonies. By sharing their expertise in honeyb

49、ee behavior, health, and nutrition, team members hope to find out what“s contributing to the decline and to prevent bee disappearance in the future. It could be that disease is causing the disappearance of the bees. To explore that possibility, Jay Evans, a researcher at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Bee Research Laboratory, examines bees taken from colonies that are collapsing. “We know what a healthy bee should look like on the inside, and we can look for physical signs of disease,“ he says. And bees from collapsing colonies don“t look very healthy. “Their stomachs