职称英语卫生类B级模拟76及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语卫生类 B 级模拟 76 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Relief workers were shocked by what they saw.（分数：1.00）A.movedB.touchedC.surprisedD.worried2.We have to put up with her behavior.（分数：1.00）A.tolerateB.acceptC.swallowD.take3.They have given up the hope to save their friend fro

2、m drowning.（分数：1.00）A.endedB.abandonedC.builtD.strengthened4.I seldom watch TV.（分数：1.00）A.rarelyB.frequentlyC.normallyD.occasionally5.The dentist has decided to take out the girl“s bad tooth.（分数：1.00）A.digB.drawC.pullD.extract6.He was not eligible for the examination because he was over age.（分数：1.00

3、）A.competitiveB.diligentC.qualifiedD.competent7.Her novel depicts an ambitious Chinese.（分数：1.00）A.writesB.sketchesC.describesD.indicates8.Don“t irritate hershe“s on a short fuse today.（分数：1.00）A.teaseB.attractC.annoyD.protect9.It is absurd to go out in such terrible weather.（分数：1.00）A.ridiculousB.fu

4、nnyC.oddD.interesting10.I notified him that my address had changed.（分数：1.00）A.informedB.observedC.mockedD.misled11.The room was furnished with the simplest essentials: a bed, a chair, and a table.（分数：1.00）A.suppliedB.gatheredC.graspedD.made12.The local government decided to merge the two firms into

5、a big one.（分数：1.00）A.motivateB.combineC.compactD.nominate13.He emphasized a feasible plan which can be accepted by the both sides.（分数：1.00）A.favorableB.possibleC.formalD.genuine14.When does the next train depart ?（分数：1.00）A.pull upB.pull downC.pull outD.pull in15.Because administering the whole comp

6、any, he sometimes has to work around the clock.（分数：1.00）A.adjustingB.evaluatingC.engagingD.managing二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Stomach UlcerStomach ulcers are the cause of severe pain for many people. Doctors have been able to help lessen the pain of ulcers, but they could not cure them. Now doctors

7、 have discovered a cause of ulcers. This means they may have found a way to cure people who suffer from the stomach pain. Studies show that ten percent of the population will develop an ulcer at some time in their life. So a possible cure is good news for many people. Ulcers are wounds in the stomac

8、h that are similar to small cuts or tears. These wounds can harm the tissue in the stomach, the pipe that carries the food to the stomach or parts of the small intestines. Fluids in the stomach then increase the pain of an ulcer. How does a person know he or she has an ulcer? Doctors say most people

9、 with ulcers feel a burning pain in their chest or stomach. This pain is often called heart burn. It usually happens before eating or during the night. It causes some people to lose their desire to eat, or they are unable to keep food in their stomachs. Doctors believed that stomach ulcers were caus

10、ed by unusually strong stomach fluids, which damaged stomach tissue. Now they have discovered that most stomach ulcers are caused by a bacterial organism called Hillico Bactor Pilorie or HPillorie. HPillorie bacteria are what make stomach produce extra stomach fluid. Doctors found that they can kill

11、 the bacteria with medicines called antibiotics. Health experts say the discovery of a cure for stomach ulcers can save thousands of millions of dollars in medical costs. They also believe curing stomach ulcers will reduce the number of people who develop stomach cancer. The number of people with st

12、omach cancer is very high in Japan, Southeast Asia and parts of Africa. Doctors say a person is more likely to get an stomach ulcer if his or her family has had one. In fact, a person with the family history of stomach ulcers is three times more likely to get one than other people. There are ways pe

13、ople can protect themselves from developing an stomach ulcer. Doctors say it is more important to reduce the amount of strong fluids in the stomach. To do this, doctors say, people should not smoke cigarettes or drink alcohol. And they say people should reduce tension in their lives.（分数：7.00）(1).In

14、the past, doctors could not do anything about stomach ulcers.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Now doctors can successfully cure stomach ulcers.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Some people are likely to suffer from the stomach pain at some time in their life.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC

15、.Not mentioned(4).Doctors have discovered a cause of stomach ulcers after many years of experiments.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).There has been a change in doctors“ understanding of the cause of stomach ulcer.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Stomach ulcer can lead to stomach ca

16、ncer.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).People who eat a lot of spicy food are susceptible to stomach ulcers.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Parkinson“s Disease1. Parkinson“s disease affects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with certa

17、in nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine. Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do. When you have Parkinson“s, these nerve cells break down. T

18、hen you no longer have enough dopamine, and you have trouble moving the way you want to. 2. No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes, including aging and poisons in the env

19、ironment. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson“s disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited. 3. Tremor may be the first symptom you notice. It is one of the most common signs of the disease, although not everyone has it. More importantly, no

20、t everyone with a tremor has Parkinson“s disease. Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body. It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg. It may get better when you move the limb or you are asleep. In time, Parkinson“s affects muscles al

21、l through your body, so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation. In the later stages of the disease, a person with Parkinson“s may have a fixed or blank expression, trouble speaking, and other problems. Some people also have a decrease in mental skills (dementia). 4. At this

22、time, there is no cure for Parkinson“s disease. But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with. You may not even need treatment if your symptoms are mild. Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in

23、the way of your daily life. Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse. You may need to take several medicines to get the best results.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1 A. Tips for Patients with the Disease B. Common Treatment for the Disease C. Means of Diagnosis of the Disease D. T

24、ypical Symptoms of the Disease E. Possible Causes of the Disease F. Definition of Parkinson“s Disease（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(5).You“ll find it hard to move the way you want to 1. A. if there isn“t enough dopamine in your body B. what af

25、fects muscles all through your body C. which cannot be cured yet D. if you have a fixed or blank expression E. which may be the first symptom you notice F. what causes Parkinson“s disease（分数：1.00）(6).A lot of research is being done to find out 1.（分数：1.00）(7).One of the most common signs of Parkinson

26、“s is tremor 1.（分数：1.00）(8).A person with Parkinson“s has to learn to live with the disease, 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize AnnouncementsTwo scientists who have won praise for research into the growth of cancer cells could be candidat

27、es for the Nobel Prize in medicine when the 2008 winners are presented on Monday, kicking off six days of Nobel announcements. Australian-born U.S. citizen Elizabeth Blackburn and American Carol Greider have already won a series of medical honors for their enzyme research and experts say they could

28、be among the front-runners for Nobel. Only seven women have won the medicine prize since the first Nobel Prizes were handed out in 1901. The last female winner was U.S. researcher Linda Buck in 2004, who shared the prize with Richard Axel. Among the pair“s possible rivals are Frenchman Pierre Chambo

29、n and Americans Ronald Evans and Elwood Jensen, who opened up the field of studying proteins called nuclear hormone receptors. As usual, the award committee is giving no hints about who is in the running before presenting its decision in a news conference at Stockholm“s Karolinska Institute. Alfred

30、Nobel, the Swede who invented dynamite, established the prizes in his will in the categories of medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace. The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968 creation of Sweden“s central bank. Nobel left few instructions on how to select winners, but m

31、edicine winners are typically awarded for a specific breakthrough rather than a body of research. Hans Jornvall, secretary of the medicine prize committee, said the 10 million kronor (US $1.3 million) prize encourages groundbreaking research but he did not think winning it was the primary goal for s

32、cientists. “Individual researchers probably don“t look at themselves as potential Nobel Prize winners when they“re at work,“ Jornvall told The Associated Press. “They get their kicks from their research and their interest in how life functions.“ In 2006, Blackburn, of the University of California, S

33、an Francisco, and Greider, of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, shared the Lasker prize for basic medical research with Jack Szostak of Harvard Medical School. Their work set the stage for research suggesting that cancer cells use telomerase to sustain their uncontrolled growth.（分数：15.00）(1).Wh

34、o is Not a likely candidate for this year“s Nobel Prize in medicine?（分数：3.00）A.Elizabeth Blackburn.B.Carol Greider.C.Linda Buck.D.Pierre Chambon.(2).Which is NOT true of Alfred Nobel?（分数：3.00）A.He was from Sweden.B.He was the inventor of dynamite.C.He established the prizes in his will.D.He gave cle

35、ar instructions on how to select winners.(3).Which was NOT originally one of the Nobel Prizes?（分数：3.00）A.The medicine prize.B.The literature prize.C.The peace prize.D.The economics prize.(4).The word “kicks“ in Line 6 from the bottom probably means _.（分数：3.00）A.excitementB.incomeC.motivationD.knowle

36、dge(5).The research by Blackburn and Greider helps suggest the role of _.（分数：3.00）A.money in medical researchB.proteins in cancer treatmentC.hormones in the functioning of lifeD.telomerase in the growth of cancer cells六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Obesity: the Scourge of the Western WorldObesity is rapidly b

37、ecoming a new scourge of the western world, delegates agreed at the 11th European Conference on the issue in Vienna Wednesday to Saturday. According to statements before the opening of the conferenceof 2,000 specialists from more than 50 countries1.2 billion people worldwide are overweight, and 250

38、million are obese. Professor Bernhard Ludvik of Vienna General Hospital said: “Obesity is a chronic illness. In Germany, 20 percent of the people are already affected, but in Japan only one percent.“ But he said that there was hope for sufferers thanks to the new scientific discoveries and medicatio

39、n. Professor Friedrich Hopichler of Salzberg said: “We are living in the new age (but) with the metabolism of a stone age man.“ “I have just been to the United States. It is really terrible. A pizza shop is springing up on every corner. We have been overrun by fast food and Coca-Cola-ization.“ Many

40、of the experts stressed that obesity was a potential killer. Hopichler said: “80 percent of all diabetics are obese, also 50 percent of all patients with high blood pressure and 50 percent with adipose tissue complaints.“ “10 percent more weight means 13 percent more risk of heart disease. Reducing

41、one“s weight by 10 percent leads to 13 percent lower blood pressure.“ Another expert Hermann Toplak said that the state health services should improve their financing of preventive programs. “Though the health insurance pays for surgery (such as reducing the size of the stomach) when the body-mass i

42、ndex is more than 40. That is equivalent to a weight of 116 kilograms for a height of 1.70 meters. One should start earlier.“ Ludvik said that prevention should begin in school. “Child obesity (fat deposits) correlates with the time which children spend in front of TV sets.“ The consequences were on

43、ly apparent later on. No more than 15 percent of obese people lived to the average life expectancy for their population group.（分数：15.00）(1).It is estimated that there are _ people suffering from obesity in the world.（分数：3.00）A.250,000,000B.1,200,000,000C.1,450,000,000D.950,000,000(2).It seems that t

44、he _ people are least affected by obesity among the developed countries and areas mentioned in the passage.（分数：3.00）A.EuropeanB.GermanC.AmericanD.Japanese(3).Which of the following is most often accompanied by obesity?（分数：3.00）A.High blood pressure.B.Fatty tissue complaints.C.Diabetes.D.Stomach-ache

45、.(4).What is the correlation between body weight and heart disease and blood pressure?（分数：3.00）A.10 percent less body weight means 10 percent less risk of heart disease and high blood pressure.B.13 percent more body weight means 10 percent more risk of heart disease and high blood pressure.C.The mor

46、e body weight one gains, the more risk of heart disease and high blood pressure he has.D.The less body weight one gains, the more risk of heart disease and the less risk of high blood pressure he has.(5).From Paragraph 6 we may infer that one of the effective measures suggested by Ludvik to prevent

47、children from being obese would be _.（分数：3.00）A.not to permit them to watch TV at allB.to tel1 them to spend less time watching TVC.to turn off TV when they are in front of TV setsD.to calculate accurately the time that a child spends watching TV七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Light Night, Dark StarsThousands

48、of people around the globe step outside to gaze at their night sky. On a clear night, with no clouds, moonlight, or artificial lights to block the view, people can see more than 14,000 stars in the sky, says Dennis Ward, an astronomer with the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) i

49、n Boulder, Colo. But when people are surrounded by city lights, he says, they“re lucky to see 150 stars. If you“ve ever driven toward a big city at night and seen its glow from a great distance, you“ve witnessed light pollution. It occurs when light from streetlights, office buildings, signs, and other sources streams into space and illuminates the night sky. This haze of light makes many stars invisible to people on Earth. Even at night, big cities like New York glow from light pollution, making stargazing difficult. Dust and particles of pollution from factories a