职称英语卫生类B级模拟75及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语卫生类 B 级模拟 75 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The government is debating the education laws.（分数：1.00）A.discussingB.defeatingC.delayingD.declining2.They had a far better yield than any other farm miles away around this year.（分数：1.00）A.goodsB.soilC.climateD.harvest3.The c

2、ity has decided to do away with all the old buildings in its center.（分数：1.00）A.get rid ofB.set upC.repairD.paint4.During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation.（分数：1.00）A.permanentB.powerfulC.strikingD.practical5.For young children, getting dressed is a co

3、mplicated business.（分数：1.00）A.personalB.strangeC.funnyD.complex6.Ants always put food away in Autumn.（分数：1.00）A.storeB.stealC.eatD.carry7.I recommend you buy a computer.（分数：1.00）A.forceB.adviseC.askD.require8.You should soon regain your appetite.（分数：1.00）A.keepB.loseC.recoverD.get9.Helen will leave

4、immediately .（分数：1.00）A.far awayB.right awayC.right hereD.soon10.We resolved the problem after group discussion.（分数：1.00）A.causedB.metC.solvedD.posed11.The manager allocates duties to the clerks.（分数：1.00）A.assignB.persuadeC.askD.order12.The once barren hillsides are now good farmland.（分数：1.00）A.hair

5、lessB.bareC.emptyD.bald13.It is postulated that a cure for the disease will have been found by the year 2000.（分数：1.00）A.challengedB.assumedC.deductedD.decreed14.We must abide by the rules.（分数：1.00）A.stick toB.persist inC.safeguardD.apply15.From my standpoint , you know, this thing is just funny.（分数：

6、1.00）A.positionB.point of viewC.knowledgeD.opinion二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Most Adults in U.S. Have Low Risk of Heart DiseaseMore than 80 percent of U.S. adults have a less than 10-percent risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years, according to a report in the Journal of the American

7、College of Cardiology. Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent. “I hope that these numbers will give physicians, researchers, health policy analysts, and others a better idea of how coronary heart disease is distributed in the U.S. population,“ lead author Dr. Earl S. Ford, from the Cente

8、rs for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, said in a statement. The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects, between 20 and 79 years of age, who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994. Overall, 82 percent of adults had

9、a risk of less than 10 percent, 15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent, and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent. The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age, and men were more likely than women to be in this group. By contrast, race or ethnic

10、ity had little effect on risk distributions. Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease, a large proportion have a high or immediate risk, Dr. Daniel S. Berman, from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, and Dr. Nathan D. Wong, from the University of

11、 California at Irvine, note in a related editorial. Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward, they add.（分数：7.00）(1).The 10-year risk of heart disease is low for most U.S. adults.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Only

12、3 percent of U.S. adults have a more than 10 percent 10-year risk of heart disease.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).More than 100 thousand people participated in the survey.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).There was a greater proportion of men than women in the survey.（分数：1.00）A.Ri

13、ghtB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The distributions of the risk of heart disease are closely related to race.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Elderly people have a higher risk of heart disease than younger people.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The U.S. government will take measures to

14、 reduce the overall population risk.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)The Magic Io Personal Digital PenCheck out the io Personal Digital Pen launched by Logitech: It“s a magic pen that can store everything you write and transfer it to your computer. And you don“t

15、 have to lug a hand held device along with you for it to work. Logitech“s technology works like this: The pen writes normally, using normal ballpoint pen ink. But while you are writing, a tiny camera inside the pen is also taking 100 snapshots per second of what you are doing, mapping your writing v

16、ia a patchwork of minute dots printed on the paper. All this information the movement of your pen on the paper, basicallyis then stored digitally inside the pen, whether you are writing notes or drawing complex diagrams. You can store up to 40 pages worth of doodles in the pen“s memory. As far as yo

17、u are concerned, you are just using a normal pen. It is only when you drop the pen into its PC-connected cradle that the fun begins. Special software on your PC will figure out what you have done, and begin to download any documents you have written since the last time it was there. Depending on whe

18、ther you have ticked certain boxes on the special notepad, it can also tell whether the document is destined to be an e-mail, a “to do“ task, or a diagram to be inserted into a word-processing document. Once the documents are downloaded you can view them, print them out or convert them to other form

19、ats. The io Personal Digital Pen is a neat and simple solution to the problem of storing, sharing and retrieving handwritten notes, as well as for handling diagrams, pictures and other non-text doodling. You don“t have to carry a laptop along with you. All you have to do is just to whip out the pen

20、and the special paper and you are off. It is a great product because it does not force you to work differentlywalking around with a screen strapped to your arm, or carrying with you extra bits and pieces. The pen is light and works like a normal pen if you need it to, while the special notepads look

21、 and feel like notepads. The only strange looks will be from people who are curious why you are writing with a cigar. The io Personal Digital Pen also has potential elsewhere. FedEx, for example, is introducing a version of the pen so that customers can fill out forms by handinstead of punching lett

22、ers into cumbersome devices. Once that data is digital more or less anything can be done with ittransferring it wirelessly to a central computer, for example, or via a hand-phone. Doctors could transmit their prescriptions directly to pharmacies, reducing fraud; policemen could send their reports ba

23、ck to the station, reducing paperwork.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1 A. A Friendly and Convenient Device B. Ways to Download the Stored Information C. Examples of Other Potential Applications of the Io Pen D. Customers“ Passion for the Io Pen E. FedExthe First User of the Io Pen F. Working Principle of

24、the Io Personal Digital Pen（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 6 1（分数：1.00）(5).There is no need to learn how to use the io Personal Digital Pen because 1. A. you don“t have to carry your laptop along B. the information will be shown digitally on the pen C. FedE

25、x has special software to store your information D. it works like an ordinary pen E. you simply place the pen into its computer connected cradle F. the movement of your pen is recorded digitally inside the pen（分数：1.00）(6).If you want to download what you have done with the magic pen, 1.（分数：1.00）(7).

26、The magic pen is particularly convenient when you work away from home or office because 1.（分数：1.00）(8).No matter what you write or draw, 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Look After Your VoiceOften speakers at a meeting experience dry mouths and ask for a glass of water. Yo

27、u can solve the problem by activating the saliva in you mouth. First gently bite the edges of your tongue with your teeth. Or, press your entire tongue to the bottom of your mouth and hold it there until the saliva flow. Or you can imagine that you are slicing a big juicy lemon and sucking the juice

28、. Before you begin your talk, be kind to your voice. Avoid milk or creamy drinks which coat your throat. Keen your throat wet by drinking a little sweetened warm tea or diluted fruit juice. If you sense that you are losing your voice, stop talking completely. Save your voice for your speech. You may

29、 feel foolish using paper to write notes, but the best thing you can do is to rest your voice. If you need to see a doctor, perhaps you can get some advice from a professional singer. In the meantime, do not even talk in a low voice. What about drinking alcohol to wet your throat? I advice you not t

30、o touch alcohol before speaking. The problem with alcohol is that one drink gives you a little confidence. The second drink gives you even more confidence. Finally you will feel all-powerful and you will feel you can do everything, but in fact your brain and your mouth do not work together properly.

31、 Save the alcohol until you finish speaking. Perhaps you want to accept the advice, but you may wonder if you can ever change the habits of a lifetime. Of course you can. Goethe, who lived before indoor skating rinks or swimming pools, said, “We learn to skate in the summer and swim in the winter.“

32、Take this message to heart and give yourself time to develop your new habits. If you are willing to change, you will soon be able to say that you will never forget these techniques because they became a part of your body.（分数：15.00）(1).All the following are mentioned in the passage about how to solve

33、 the problem of dry mouths EXCEPT _.（分数：3.00）A.to bite the edges of your tongueB.to ask for a glass of waterC.to imagine you are having a sour fruitD.to take cool milk(2).What does the writer suggest when you feel you are losing your voice?（分数：3.00）A.Rest your voice.B.Drink some alcohol.C.Ask a sing

34、er to teach you how to protect your voice.D.Never go to see a doctor.(3).What is the writer“s advice about alcohol before you give a speech?（分数：3.00）A.Drink a little of it to feel all-powerful.B.Don“t drink it.C.Dilute it with water.D.Drink it two hours before you make a speech.(4).What did Goethe s

35、ay about skating and swimming?（分数：3.00）A.He said people could learn to skate when it was hot and swim when it was cold.B.He said people could learn to skate and swim when it was hot.C.He said people could learn to skate and swim when it was cold.D.He said people could learn to skate when it was cold

36、 and swim when it was hot.(5).Why does the writer cite Goethe“s advice?（分数：3.00）A.To encourage one to go in for sports.B.To tell that Goethe had a strong willpower.C.To prove one can change one“s habits.D.To demonstrate Goethe was creative.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Plant GasScientists have been studying

37、natural sources of methane for decades but hadn“t regarded plants as a producer, notes Frank Keppler, a geochemist at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, Germany. Now Keppler and his colleagues find that plants, from grasses to trees, may also be sources of the greenhouse gas

38、. This is really surprising, because most scientists assumed that methane production requires an oxygen-free environment. Previously, researchers had thought that it was impossible for plants to make significant amounts of the gas. They had assumed that, microbes need to be in environments without o

39、xygen to produce methane. Methane is a greenhouse gas, like carbon dioxide. Gases such as methane and carbon dioxide trap heat in Earth“s atmosphere and contribute to global warming. In its experiments, Keppler“s team used sealed chambers that contained the same concentration of oxygen that Earth“s

40、atmosphere has. They measured the amounts of methane that were released by both living plants; and dried plant material, such as fallen leaves. With the dried plants, the researchers took measurement at temperatures ranging from 30 degrees Celsius to 70 degrees Celsius. At 30 degrees Celsius, they f

41、ound, a gram of dried plant material released up to 3 nanograms of methane per hour. (One nanogram is a billionth of a gram.) With every 10-degree rise in temperature, the amount of methane released each hour roughly doubled. Living plants growing at their normal temperatures released as much as 370

42、 nanograms of methane per gram of plant tissue per hour. Methane emissions tripled when living and dead plant was exposed to sunlight. Because there was plenty of oxygen available, it“s unlikely that the types of bacteria that normally make methane were involved. Experiments on plants that were grow

43、n in water rather than soil also resulted in methane emissions. That“s another strong sign that the gas came from the plants and not soil microbes. The new finding is an “interesting observation,“ says Jennifer Y. King, a biogeochemist at the University of Minnesota in St. Paul. Because some types o

44、f soil microbes consume methane, they may prevent plant-produced methane from reaching the atmosphere. Field tests will be needed to assess the plant“s influence, she notes.（分数：15.00）(1).What was scientists, understanding of methane?（分数：3.00）A.It was produced from plants.B.It was not a greenhouse ga

45、s.C.It was produced in oxygen-free environments.D.It traps more heat than any other greenhouse gas.(2).To test whether plants are a source of methane, the scientists created _.（分数：3.00）A.a oxygen-free environmentB.an environment with the same concentration of oxygen as the Earth hasC.a carbon dioxid

46、e-free environmentD.an environment filled with the greenhouse gas(3).Which statement is true of the methane emissions of plants in the experiment?（分数：3.00）A.The lower the temperature, the higher the amount of methane emissions.B.Living plants release less methane than dried plants at the same temper

47、ature.C.When exposed to sunlight, plants stop releasing methane.D.The higher the temperature, the greater the amount of methane emissions.(4).Which of the following about methane is Not mentioned in the passage?（分数：3.00）A.Plants growing in soil release methane.B.Plants growing in water release metha

48、ne.C.Soil microbes consume methane.D.Microbes in plants produce methane.(5).What is the beneficial point of some microbes consuming plant-produced methane?（分数：3.00）A.Methane becomes less poisonous.B.Methane is turned into a fertilizer.C.Less methane reaches the atmosphere.D.Air becomes cleaner.七、第三篇

49、(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Late-Night DrinkingCoffee lovers beware. Having a quick “pick-me-up“ cup of coffee late in the day will play havoc with your sleep. As well as being a stimulant, caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin, the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep. Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 a.m. and 4 a.m., before falling again. “It“s the neurohormone that controls our sleep and tells our body when to sleep and when to wake,“ says Manrice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center at Sta