职称英语卫生类B级分类模拟2及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语卫生类 B 级分类模拟 2 及答案解析(总分：100.03，做题时间：90 分钟)一、阅读判断(总题数：7，分数：100.00)The Threat to KiribatiThe people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future, their country will disappear from the face of the earth-literally. Several times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flood

2、ed by a sudden high tide. These tides, which swept across the island and destroyed houses, came when there was neither wind nor rain. “This never happened before,“ say the older citizens of Kiribati. What is causing these mysterious high tides? The answer may well be global warming. When fuels like

3、oil and coal are being burned, pollutants (污染物) are released. These pollutants trap heat in the earth“s atmosphere. Warmer temperatures cause water to expand and also create more water by melting glaciers (冰川) and polar (极地的) ice caps. If the trend continues, scientists say, many countries will suff

4、er, Bangladesh, for example, might lose one-fifth of its land. The coral (珊瑚) island nations of the Pacific, like Kiribati and the Marshall Islands, however, would face an even worse fatethey would be swallowed by the sea. The loss of these coral islands would be everyone“s loss. Coral formations ar

5、e home to more species than any other place on earth. The people of these nations feel frustrated. The sea, on which their economies have always been based, is suddenly threatening their existence. They don“t have the money for expensive technological solutions like seawalls. And they have no contro

6、l over the pollutants, which are being released mainly by activities in large industrialized countries. All they can do is to hope that industrialized countries will take steps to reduce pollution.（分数：14.00）(1).The people of Kiribati worry that one day their country will be taken away by a sudden hi

7、gh tide.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).High tides used to attack Kiribati when there was strong wind or heavy rain.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The heat released by burning oil and coal is the direct cause of global warming.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Scientists

8、 are not sure how serious the effects of global warming will be.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The coral island nations of the Pacific have a long history of civilization.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The people of the coral island nations are unable to do anything substantial

9、 about the problem of global warming.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Some industrialized countries are unwilling to spend money in reducing pollution.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentionedGoing Back to Its BirthplaceNo sporting event takes hold of the world“s attention and imagination like

10、 the Olympic Games. The football World Cup fascinates fans in Europe and South America; baseball“s World Series is required viewing in North America; and the World Table Tennis Championships attracts the most interest in Asia. But the Olympics belong to the whole world. NOW, after travelling to 17 c

11、ountries over 108 years, the summer Games are returning to Athens, the place where the first modern Olympics was held. Participation in the Games is looked on not only as an achievement, but also as an honor. The 16 days between August 13 and 29 will see a record202 countries compete, up from Sydney

12、“s 199. Afghanistan is back, having been banned from Sydney because the Taliban government didn“t let women do sports. There is also a place for newcomers East Timer and Kiribati. A total of 10,500 athletes will compete in 28 sports, watched by 53 million ticket-paying viewers as well as a televisio

13、n audience of 4 billion. Athens is to use its rich history and culture to make the Olympics as special as possible. The Games will open with cycling events which start in front of the Parthenon and Acropolis monuments. The final event will be a historic men“s marathon following the Original route ru

14、n by Phidippides in 490 B.C. to bring news of victory over the Persians. The ancient stadium at Olympia, first used for the Games nearly three centuries ago, will stage the shot put competitions. And the Panathenian Stadium, where the first modern Olympics was held, is to host the archery (射箭) event

15、s. If the well-known ancient sites deliver a great sense of history to the Games, the 39 new venues add a modern touch to the city of Athens. The main Olympic stadium, with a giant glass and steel roof, is the landmark (标志) building of the Olympics. “We believe that we will organize a “magical“ Game

16、s.“ said Athens 2004 President Gianna Angelopoulos Daskalaki. “Our history with the Olympic Gaines goes back nearly 3,000 years, and Athens 2004 could be the best ever.“（分数：14.00）(1).The World Table Tennis Championships attracts the most interest in Asian countries.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not menti

17、oned(2).Participation in the Olympic Games is looked upon as an honor as well as an achievement.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Many state leaders will attend the opening ceremony.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The Games will open with cycling events because these events will ta

18、ke hold of the world“s attention.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The first modern Olympics was held nearly three centuries ago.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The Panathenian Stadium is the landmark building of Olympics.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Athens 2004 has be

19、en proven to be the best Olympic Games.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentionedSleep Problems Plague the Older SetOlder Americans often have difficulty getting a good night“s rest. It“s a huge quality of life problem, experts say, because contrary to popular belief, seniors require about the same amou

20、nt of sleep as younger adults. “Sleep problems and sleep disorders are not an inherent (固有的) part of aging,“ said Dr. Harrison G. Bloom, an associate clinical professor of geriatrics (老年病学) and medicine at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City. “It“s pretty much of a myth that older pe

21、ople need less sleep than younger people.“ Yet, in a study published recently in The American Journal of Medicine, researchers found that more than half of older Americans have problems getting the sleep they need. Older people tend to have “sleep fragmentation,“ meaning they wake up more often duri

22、ng the night, said study author Dr. Julie Gammck, an assistant professor of medicine in the Division of Geriatric Medicine at St. Louis University. They also seem to get less “REM“ sleep, the type of sleep during which rapid eye movement occurs, Bloom added. It“s unclear what role these naturally oc

23、curring changes in sleep patterns have on person“s quality of life, Bloom said. “What is important, though, is that older people often have actual sleep disorders and problems with sleep,“ he said. And, experts say, there is usually more than one cause. “Sleep trouble in older adults is typically as

24、sociated with acute and chronic illnesses, including specific sleep disorders like sleep apnea (呼吸暂停) and restless leg syndrome that appear with greater frequency in older populations,“ said Michael Vitriol, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and associate director of the University o

25、f Washington“s Northwest Geriatric Education Center. Taking multiple medications, as many older people do, can also lead to fatigue a “hypersomnia“ or being tired all the time, Bloom added. Another big problem, he noted, is depression and anxiety. “Those are very commonly associated with sleep probl

26、ems.“ Despite the prevalence (流行) of sleep difficulties in older adults, many patients aren“t getting the help they need. As a result, problems like insomnia (失眠), restless leg syndrome and sleep apnea are under-diagnosed and under-treated, Bloom said.（分数：14.00）(1).Sleep problems can seriously affec

27、t one“s quality of life.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).It is true that older people need less sleep than younger people.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Younger people in America seldom complain of sleep disorders.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The number of older Amer

28、icans with sleep problems is not small.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).“Sleep fragmentation“ refers to a marked lack of “REM“ sleep.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The causes of sleep problems in older people remain unidentified.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Actions w

29、ill soon be taken in America to better help people with sleep problems.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentionedCosmetic SurgerySurgery that can improve the way a person looks is becoming more and more popular in the United States. This kind of surgery is called cosmetic surgery, and both men and women

30、 are turning to this treatment as a way of keeping their appearance young as well as keeping competitive (有竞争力的) in their jobs. Men especially are beginning to turn to face-lifts(面部拉皮手术), liposuction (taking fat out of the body), and implants (putting artificial parts into their bodies) to help them

31、 look younger. As companies downsize (缩编) and move younger employees into higher positions, older employees in their late forties and early fifties feel the need to look and act younger in order to stay competitive. These operations are not without dangers, however. One young woman had an eye operat

32、ion to get rid of the bags under her eyes; she described her experience as terrible. She said, “When he started cutting, I was fully awake. Even though he“d given me an injection near my eyes, I saw everything.“ She went on to explain, I knew I had to keep still because of what he was doing. He was

33、scraping (刮) away fat underneath my eyes. It took about ten minutes. After he finished, “I felt I couldn“t walk. I was so faint.“ Her troubles did not end after the operation for two weeks. Her eyes were swollen (肿胀的) and almost completely closed, and even dark glasses could not hide the side effect

34、s of the operation. Liposuction, taking fat out of the body, is probably the most popular cosmetic operation in the United States. It seems simple enough. First, a small cut is made over the place where the patient wants the fat removed. Next, a small pipe is put into the cut. A machine like a vacuu

35、m cleaner is then used to suck the fat out of the body. However, as one doctor explained, some problems call happen after the operation. He warned，irregular lumps and loose skin can reset from this operation. “If it is not evenly done. liposuction can produce a very lumpy result.“ Patients often mus

36、t have more liposuction to correct the problem.（分数：14.00）(1).Cosmetic surgery is more popular in the US than anywhere else.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The way a man looks has little to do with the job opportunities he may have.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).There are hardly

37、any risks involved in cosmetic operations.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The young woman was by no means satisfied with the eye operation.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The eye operation was such a failure that the woman refused to pay for it.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentio

38、ned(6).Not everyone is a good candidate for liposuction.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Sometimes liposuction patients may have to undergo more than one operation.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentionedOwn Your Children“s Education“Helping them isn“t about showing your kids how to do the wo

39、rk. It“s about being genuinely interested and having regular conversations about what they“re learning,“ says J. Gary Knowles, a professor at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, part of the University of Toronto. Rozon has a slew of suggestions for how to get more involved. “Get to know

40、the teacher. Discuss ways to tailor the assignments to your child“s learning style. Spend time in the classroom. Ask for outlines of unit studies so you can find supplementary materials at the library or through videos. Read your child“s textbooks: If you work a few pages ahead, you“ll be able to he

41、lp them with problems they encounter.“ “Reading is another must.“ says Rozon. “Even after your children can read themselves, hearing somebody else read aloud is important. We nearly always have a book on the bed; we read for at least a half hour before bedtime.“ The more engaged a parent is, the mor

42、e the child benefit, adds Bruce Arai. “The evidence is clear: Parental involvement is one of the most important factors in school success.“ Arai cites the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth sponsored by Human Resources Development Canada (HRDC), which is measuring all aspects of chil

43、d development. “The hours children spend in class are but one element of their education.“ states HRDC, which says parental support, along with teacher support and a positive attitude towards school, all contribute to academic success. “I see every moment of every day as a learning experience.“ says

44、 Goforth. “The most satisfying part of it is seeing the love of learning continued. I“m not squelching my children“s desire to learn by insisting they learn. They learn because they want to.“ Adds Jeanne Lambert, mother of Carey Graham: “Make the time, take the time, guide, lead, and encourage. If n

45、othing else, your children learn you care, and that“s the most important lesson you can give them.“（分数：14.00）(1).According to the passage, parents should help their children with their homework.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).You should read your child“s textbooks so that you can teach the

46、m.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Children should always take a book with them on the way back from school and read it aloud.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).If parents show a lot of interest in their children“s study, the children will do better at school.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC

47、.Not mentioned(5).It is very important that you let your children know you feel love and concern for them.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Parents must observe classes regularly.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Governmental support also pays a role in achieving academic Success.（分数

48、：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentionedA Dolphin and an AstronomerOne day in 1963, a dolphin named Elvar and a famous astronomer, Carl Sagan, were playing a little game. The astronomer was visiting an institute which was looking into the way dolphins communicate with each other. Sagan was standing on th

49、e edge of one of the tanks where several of these friendly, highly intelligent creatures were kept. Elvar had just swum up alongside him and had turned on his back. The dolphin wanted Sagan to scratch his stomach again, as the astronomer had done twice before. Elvar looked up at Sagan, waiting. Then, after a minute or so, the dolphin leapt up through the water and made a sound just like the word “more“. The astonished astronomer went to the director of the institute and told him about the incident. “Oh, yes. That“s one of the words he knows,“ the director said, showing no surprise at all. Do