职称英语理工类C级-59及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语理工类 C 级-59 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.I have been trying to quit smoking.（分数：1.00）A.give upB.pick upC.build upD.take up2.Relief workers were shocked by what they saw.（分数：1.00）A.movedB.touchedC.surprisedD.worried3.The weather is a constant subject of conversation i

2、n Britain.（分数：1.00）A.questionB.problemC.titleD.topic4.This is not typical of English, but is a feature of the Chinese language.（分数：1.00）A.particularB.characteristicC.remarkableD.idiomatic5.It is virtually impossible to persuade him to apply for the job.（分数：1.00）A.simplyB.almostC.totallyD.completely6

3、.These are defensive behavior patterns which derive from our fears.（分数：1.00）A.stemB.relyC.developD.grow7.Only a small minority of the mentally ill are liable to harm themselves or others.（分数：1.00）A.easyB.possibleC.likelyD.difficult8.They have the capability to destroy the enemy in a few days.（分数：1.0

4、0）A.possibilityB.necessityC.abilityD.probability9.We have never seen such gorgeous hills.（分数：1.00）A.beautifulB.stretchingC.spreadingD.rolling10.The leaves have been swept into huge heaps .（分数：1.00）A.loadsB.layersC.pyramidsD.piles11.The news will horrify everyone.（分数：1.00）A.attractB.terrifyC.temptD.e

5、xcite12.The article sketched the major events of the decade.（分数：1.00）A.describedB.offeredC.outlinedD.presented13.I won“t tolerate that kind of behavior.（分数：1.00）A.bearB.receiveC.admitD.take14.Their style of playing football is utterly different.（分数：1.00）A.barelyB.scarcelyC.hardlyD.totally15.Her sist

6、er urged her to apply for the job.（分数：1.00）A.advisedB.causedC.forcedD.promised二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Trees1. Trees are plants that survive year after year and have a single main stem composed entirely of wood. Some kinds grow to only ten feet, Others attain heights of more than 350 feet. These

7、giants also have stems that are as much as 100 feet in circumference (圆周). 2. Over 25,000 different species of tree grow around the wood, except near the North and South Poles. They all belong to one of two possible groups. They are either coniferous (松类的) or deciduous (落叶的). Coniferous trees are ev

8、ergreens (常绿的), such as pine or fir, which bear needlelike foliage (叶子) all year long. Many deciduous trees have broad leaves, which they usually shed each year at the beginning of the cold season. 3. Trees provide people with a host of oils, drugs glues, candy, cloths, fuels, and well over 10,000 w

9、ooden products. Some have unique qualities that make their wood valuable for special purposes. One particular type of tree, for example, is used to make fishing rods because it is not strong but unusually flexible. Queensland walnut is used by the electrical industry in Australia, because it is almo

10、st as good an electrical insulator as rubber. One of the world most unusual trees is the teak (柚木). It is one of the heaviest of all woods, and it has the largest leaves of any tree. These enormous leaves are two feet square and their surface is so tough and coarse that cabinetmakers in India use th

11、em as sandpaper. Teakwood itself is so heavy that when a teak tree is first cut down it will not float in water. It takes three years for the ten or fifteen-ton trunk to dry out enough so it will not sink. 4. Of all the world“s billions of living trees, the tallest is a giant redwood in California.

12、It towers 368 feet. This redwood tree is anchored and nourished by a massive root system. It extends over three full acres.（分数：7.00）(1).Trees grow every corner of the world.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The tallest tree in the world is 368 feet in height.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not ment

13、ioned(3).Teak is the heaviest tree in the world.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Queensland walnut can conduct electricity well.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Coniferous trees never shed leaves.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Short trees are often deciduous.（分数：1.00）A.R

14、ightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Redwood only grows in California.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Screen Test1. Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated

15、successfully. According to a survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50. 2. But the medical benefit of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a sm

16、all risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser. 3. Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the women“s cumulative

17、dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause. 4. The mathematical model recommended by Britain“s National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB. predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The m

18、odel preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers. 5. The researchers argue that the level of radiation induced cancers is “not very significant“ compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valen

19、cia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened. 6. But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be expo

20、sed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimise the technique“ for breast cancer screening. 7. “There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks.“ admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be inter

21、preted with caution. “On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. That“s why radiation exposure should be minimised in any screening programme.“ AHarm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman BInvestigating the E

22、ffect of Screening CEffects Predicted by Two Different Models DSmall Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation ETreatment of Cancers FFactors That Trigger Cancers（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(5).Abe costly Bharmful Csa

23、ve a life Dstill open to debate Ereduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancer Freduced to the minimum Early discovery of breast cancer may 1.（分数：1.00）(6).Advantages of screening women under 50 are 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Delaying the age at which screening starts may 1.（分数：1.00）(8).Radiation exposure sho

24、uld be 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Water ResourceHumanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts (干旱) are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are pollutin

25、g water supplies. Since the worlds population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis. But that doesn“t have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the worldif we start valuing water more than we have in the pa

26、st. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want. Instead, for all uses e

27、xcept the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs. Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For

28、 example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation (灌溉) water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions (凹地) and pumping it to nearby cropland. No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their inst

29、itutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.（分数：15.00）(1).What is the real cause of t

30、he potential water crisis?（分数：3.00）A.Only half of the worlds water can be used.B.The world population is increasing faster and faster.C.Half of the worlds water resources have been seriously polluted.D.Humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources.(2).As indicated in the passage, the w

31、ater problem _.（分数：3.00）A.is already serious in certain parts of the worldB.has been exaggerated by some experts in the fieldC.poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirsD.is underestimated by government organizations at different levels(3).According to the author, the water price sho

32、uld _.（分数：3.00）A.be reduced to the minimumB.stimulate domestic demandC.correspond to its real valueD.take into account the occurrences of droughts(4).The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to _.（分数：3.00）A.build big lakes to store waterB.construct big pumping stationsC.build s

33、mall and cheap irrigation systemsD.channel water from nearby rivers to cropland(5).In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to _.（分数：3.00）A.guarantee full protection of the environment.B.centralize the management of water resources.C.increase the sense of respon

34、sibility of agencies at all levels.D.encourage local and regional control of water resources.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Appearance of WomanAll research to date on body image shows that women are much more critical of their appearance than menmuch less likely to admire what they see in the mirror. Up t

35、o 8 out of 10 women are dissatisfied with their reflection, and more than half may see a distorted image. Men looking in the mirror are more likely to be either pleased with what they see or indifferent. Research shows that men generally have a much more positive body image than womenif anything, th

36、ey may tend to over-estimate their attractiveness. Some men looking in the mirror may literally not see the flaws in their appearance. Why are women so much more self-critical than men? Because women are judged on their appearance more than men, and standards of female beauty are considerably higher

37、 and more inflexible. Women are continually bombarded with images of the “ideal“ face. And constant exposure to idealized images of female beauty on TV, magazines and billboards makes exceptional good looks seem normal and anything short of perfection seem abnormal and ugly. It has been estimated th

38、at young women now see more images of outstandingly beautiful women in one day than our mothers saw throughout their entire adolescence. Also, most women are trying to achieve the impossible: standards of female beauty have in fact become progressively more unrealistic during the last century. In 19

39、17, the physically perfect woman was about 5ft 4in tall and weighed nearly 10 stone. Even 25 years ago, top models and beauty queens weighed only 8% less than the average woman, now they weigh 23% less. The current media ideal for women is achievable by less than 5% of the female populationand that“

40、s just in terms of weight and size. If you want the ideal shape, face etc., its probably more like 1%.（分数：15.00）(1).The main purpose of the passage is to _.（分数：3.00）A.explain a phenomenonB.compare two factsC.make a suggestionD.strengthen a current theory(2).The difference between men and women when

41、they look into the mirror is that _.（分数：3.00）A.women stay longer before the mirror than menB.women feel more comfortable about their appearance than menC.women, more than men, come away from the mirror feeling unsatisfiedD.women looks before the mirror appear more distorted than men(3).The phrase “b

42、ombarded with“ (Para. 3.)could best be replaced by _.（分数：3.00）A.deniedB.doubtful ofC.very proud ofD.influenced by(4).Which of the following can be inferred about the physically perfect woman in 1917?（分数：3.00）A.She was not very much different from the average woman.B.She was hardly achievable by the

43、female population.C.She looked into the mirror more often than women today.D.She was regarded perfect only in terms of her face.(5).Today perfect woman is achievable, in terms of every physical aspect, by which of the following percentage of the female population?（分数：3.00）A.23B.8C.5D.1七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数

44、：15.00)Winged Robot Learns to FlyLearning how to fly took nature millions of years of trial and errorbut a winged robot has cracked it in only a few hours, using the same evolutionary principles. Krister Wolff and Peter Nordin of Chalmers University of Technology (CUT) in Gothenburg, Sweden, built a

45、 winged robot and set about testing whether it could learn to fly by itself, without any pre-programmed data on what flapping is or how to do it. To begin with, the robot just twitched and jerked erratically. But, gradually, it made movements that gained height. At first, it cheatedsimply standing o

46、n its wing tips was one early short cut. After three hours, however, the robot abandoned such methods in favor of a more effective flapping technique where it rotated its wings through 90 degrees and raised them before twisting them back to the horizontal and pushing down. “This tells us that this k

47、ind of evolution is capable of coming up with flying motion,“ says Peter Bentley, who works on evolutionary computing at University College London. But while the robot had worked out how best to produce lift, it was not about to take off. “There“s only so much that evolution can do,“ Bentley says. “

48、This thing is never going to fly because the motors will never have the strength to do it,“ he says. The robot had metre-long wings made from balsa wood and covered with a light plastic film. Small motors on the robot let it move its wings forwards or backwards, up or down or twist them in either di

49、rection. The team attached the robot to two vertical rods, so it could slide up and down. At the start of a test, the robot was suspended by an elastic band. A movement detector measured how much lift, if any, the robot produced for any given movement. A computer program fed the robot random instructions, at the rate of 20 per second, to test its flapping abilities. Each instruction told the robot either to do nothing or to move the wings slightly in the various directions. Feedback from the movement detector let the program work out which s