职称英语理工类C级-57及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语理工类 C级-57 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.But Uin the end/U he approved of our proposal. A.undoubtedly B.certainly C.ultimately D.necessarily（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.For young children, getting dressed is a Ucomplicated/U business. A.strange B.complex C.personal D.funny（分数

2、：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.In Britain and many other countries Uappraisal/U is now a tool of management. A.evaluation B.efficiency C.production D.publicity（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.These are their Umotives/U for doing it. A.reasons B.excuses C.answers D.plans（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The river Uwidens/U considerably as it b

3、egins to turn west. A.twists B.stretches C.broadens D.bends（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Henry cannot resist the Ulure/U of drugs. A.abuse B.flavor C.temptation D.consumption（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.These programmes are of Uimmense/U value to old people. A.natural B.fatal C.tiny D.enormous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.A great

4、deal has been done to Uremedy/U the situation. A.maintain B.improve C.assess D.protect（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.John is Ucollaborating/U with Mary in writing an article. A.cooperating B.competing C.combining D.arguing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.He is determined to Uconsolidate/U his power. A.strengthen B.control C

5、.abandon D.exercise（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Many scientists have been Uprobing/U psychological problems. A.solving B.exploring C.settling D.handling（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Hearing problems may be Ualleviated/U by changes in diet and exercise habits. A.removed B.cured C.worsened D.relieved（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.

6、The cars are tested for Udefects/U before leaving the factory. A.functions B.faults C.motions D.parts（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The food is Uinsufficient/U for three people. A.instant B.infinite C.inexpensive D.inadequate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Thousands of people Uperished/U in the storm. A.died B.suffered C.

7、floated D.scattered（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)El Nino (厄尔尼诺现象)While some forecasting methods had limited success predicting the 1997 El Nino a few months in advance, the Columbia University researchers say their method can predict large El Nino events up to two years in advance.

8、That would be good news for governments, farmers and others seeking to plan for the droughts and heavy rainfall that El Nino can produce in various parts of the world.Using a computer, the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later El Nino occurrences between 1980 and 2000 and were then a

9、ble to anticipate El Nino events dating back to 1857, using prior sea-surface temperatures. The results were reported in the latest issue of the journal Nature.The researchers say their method is not perfect, but Bryan C. Weare, a meteorologist at the University of California. Davis, who was not inv

10、olved in the work, said it “suggests El Nino is indeed predictable“.“This will probably convince others to search around more for even better methods,“ said Weare. He added that the new method “makes it possible to predict El Nino at long lead times“. Other models also use sea-surface temperatures,

11、but they have not looked as far back because they need other data, which is only available for recent decades, Weare said.The ability to predict the warming and cooling of the Pacific is of immense importance. The 1997 El Nino, for example, caused an estimated $9.0 billion in damage worldwide, offse

12、t by beneficial effects in other areas, said David Anderson, of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts in Reading England. “The 1877 El Nino, meanwhile, coincided with a failure of the Indian monsoon and a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and China, prompting the develo

13、pment of seasonal forecasting,“ Anderson said.When El Nino hit in 1991 and 1997, 200 million people were affected by flooding in China alone, according to a 2002 United Nations report.While predicting smaller El Nino events remains tricky, the ability to predict larger ones should be increased to at

14、 least a year if the new method is confirmed.El Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and February. The warming tends to last between 9 and 12 months and occurs every two to seven years.The new forecasting method does not predict any major El Nino events

15、in the next two years, although a weak warming toward the end of this year is possible.（分数：7.00）(1).The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict El Nino a few months in advance. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The Columbia University researchers studied the

16、relationship between the past El Nino occurrences and sea-surface temperatures. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The Columbia University researchers are the first to use sea-surface temperatures to match the past El Nino occurrences. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D

17、.(4).Weares contribution in predicting El Nino, was highly praised by other meteorologists. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to a Chinese report, the flooding in China caused by El Nino in 1991 and 1997 affected 200 million Chinese people. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

18、（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).It takes about eight months for El Nino to reach its peak. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A special institute has been set up in America to study El Nino. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Icy Microbes1. In ice

19、that has sealed a salty Antarctic lake for more than 2,800 years, scientists have found frozen bacteria and algae that returned to life after thawing. The research may help in the search for life on Mars, which is thought to have subsurface lakes of ice.2. A research team led by Peter Doran of the U

20、niversity of Illinois at Chicago drilled through more than 39 feet ice to collect samples of bacteria and algae. When Dorans team brought them back and warmed them up a bit, they sprang back to life.3. Doran said the microbes have been age-dated at 2,800 years old, but even older microbes may live d

21、eeper in the ice sheet sealing the lake, and in the briny water below the ice. That deeper ice and the water itself will be cautiously sampled in a later expedition that will test techniques that may one day be used on Mars.4. Called Lake Vida, the 4.5-square-kilometer body is one of a series of lak

22、es located in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, some 2,200 kilometers due south of New Zealand. This lake has been known since the 1950s, but people ignored it because they thought it was just a big block of ice. While at the site for other research in the 1990s, Doran and his colleagues sent r

23、adar signals into the clear ice covering the lake and were surprised to find that 62 feet below there was a pool of liquid water that was about seven times more salty than seawater.5. That prompted the researchers to return in 1996 with equipment to drill a hole down to within a few feet of the wate

24、r layer. At the bottom of this hole, researchers harvested specimens of algae and bacteria.6. The searchers will return in 2004 equipped with instruments that are sterilized. They will then drill through the full 62 feet of ice and sample some of the briny water from the lake for analysis. The water

25、 specimen will be cultured to see if it contains life. Specimens from the water are expected to be even older than the life forms extracted from the ice covering.ASignificance of Testing Techniques for Sampling Microbes in the Deep Ice SheetBSpecial Features of Lake VidaCLater Expedition on MarsD200

26、4 Revisit Planned for Collecting Lake Water SpecimensEAntarctic Frozen Life Sampled and RevivedFAccidental Discovery of Ice-sealed Lake Water in Antarctica（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).

27、Ais found to be a great deal higher than that of seawater Bwas of little scientific value Cmay be older than that collected below 39 feet of ice Dmight have come from Mars Eis to collect some briny lake water for analysis Fmay return to life sooner than microbes frozen in the surface ice Scientists

28、ignored Lake Vida because they thought that a lake of ice _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Scientists expect that the life, if found in deeper water below the ice sheet, _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).What the scientists will do in 2004 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).The salt concentration in the liquid water of Lake Vida _.（分数

29、：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、B第一篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Losing WeightGirls as young as 10 years old are dieting and in danger of developing unhealthy attitudes about weight, body image and food, a group of Toronto researchers reported Tuesday.Their study of 2,279 girls aged 10 to 14 showe

30、d that while the vast majority had healthy weights, nearly a third felt they were overweight and were trying to lose pounds. Even at the tender age of 10, nearly 32 percent of girls felt “too fat“ and 31 percent said they were trying to diet.McVey, a researcher at the Hospital for Sick Children in T

31、oronto, and her colleagues analyzed the data collected in a number of surveys of southern Ontario school girls between 1993 and 2003, reporting their findings in Tuesdays issue of the Canadian Medical Association Journal.Nearly 80 percent of the girls had a healthy body weight and only 7.2 percent w

32、ere considered overweight using standard weight-to-height ratios. Most researchers suggest the rate of overweight children in this country is several times higher than that figure.Nearly 30 percent of the girls reported they were currently trying to lose weight, though few admitted to dangerous beha

33、vior such as self-induced vomiting.Still, a test that measured attitudes towards eating showed 10.5 percent of survey participants were already at risk of developing an eating disorder.“Were not talking about kids whove been prescribed a diet because theyre above average weight or overweight. Were t

34、alking about children who are within a healthy weight range. And they have taken it upon themselves to diet to lose weight,“ McVey said, acknowledging she found the rates disturbing. She said striking a balance between healthy weights and healthy attitudes towards food and body image is a complex ta

35、sk, with no easy solutions.（分数：15.00）(1).The study showed that most of the girls _. A.were overweight B.were on a diet C.had unhealthy attitudes about weight D.had a healthy body weight（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What percentage of the girls considered themselves overweight? A.Nearly 80 percent. B.7.2 perc

36、ent. C.Nearly 30 percent. D.10.5 percent.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The survey participants were girls _. A.who were 10 B.who were 14 C.who were 10 to 14 D.who were 10 to 18（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What kind of institution does the lead researcher work with? A.A school. B.A hospital. C.An association. D.A cha

37、rity.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Unhealthy attitudes about weight, body image and food may _. A.lead to an eating disorder B.result from self-induced vomiting C.make it easier to gain weight D.bring about greater competition（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、B第二篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Will Quality Eat Up the U.S. Lead in Softw

38、are?If U.S. software companies dont pay more attention to quality, they could kiss their business goodbye. Both India and Brazil are developing a world-class software industry. Their weapon is quality and one of their jobs is to attract the top U.S. quality specialists whose voices are not listened

39、to in their country.Already, of the worlds 12 software houses that have earned the highest rating in the world, seven are in India. Thats largely because they have used new methodologies rejected by American software specialists. For example, for decades, quality specialists, W. Edwards Deming and J

40、.M. Juran had urged U.S. software companies to change their attitudes to quality. But their quality call mainly fell on deaf ears in the U.S. but not in Japan. By the 1970s and 1980s, Japan was grabbing market share with better, cheaper products. They used Demings and Jurans ideas to bring down the

41、cost of good quality to as little as 5% of total production costs. In U.S. factories, the cost of quality then was 10 times as high: 50% In software, it still is.Watts S. Humphrey spent 27 years at IBM heading up software production and then quality assurance. But his advice was seldom paid attentio

42、n to. He retired from IBM in 1986. In 1987, he worked out a system for assessing and improving software quality. It has proved its value time and again. For example, in 1990 the cost of quality at Raytheon Electronics Systems was almost 60% of total software production costs. It fell to 15% in 1996

43、and has since further dropped to below 10%.Like Deming and Juran, Humphrey seems to be winning more praises overseas than at home. The Indian government and several companies have just founded the Watts Humphrey Software Quality Institute at the Software Technology Park in Chennai, India. Lets hope

44、that U.S. lead in software will not be eaten up by its quality problems.（分数：15.00）(1).Which country has more highest-rating companies in the world than any other country has? A.India. B.The U.S. C.Brazil. D.Germany.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements about Humphrey is true? A.He i

45、s now still an IBM employer. B.He has worked for IBM for 37 years. C.India honors him highly. D.The U.S. pays much attention to his quality advice.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).By what means did Japan grab its large market share by the 1970s and the 1980s? A.Its advertising was most successful. B.Its product

46、s were cheaper in price and better in quality. C.The U.S. hardware industry was lagging behind. D.Japan hired a lot of Indian software specialists.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What does the founding of the Watts Humphrey Software Quality Institute symbolize? A.It symbolizes the U.S. determination to move ah

47、ead with its software. B.It symbolizes the Japanese efforts to solve the software quality problem. C.It symbolizes the Indian ambition to take the lead in software. D.It symbolizes the Chinese policy on importing software.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the writer worrying about? A.Many U.S. software specialists are working for Japan. B.The quality problem has become a worldwide problem. C.India and Japan are joining hands to compete with the U.S. D.The U.S. will no longer be the first software player in the world.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.七、B第三篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Young Fema