职称英语理工类C级-48及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语理工类 C级-48 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Joe came to the window as the crowd Uchanted/U, “joe, joe, joe!“ A. jumped B. repeated C. maintained D. approached（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.What Upuzzles/U me is why his books are so popular. A. confuses B. shocks C. influences D. c

2、oncerns（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.I got a note from Moira Uurging/U me to get in touch. A. instructing B. pushing C. notifying D. inviting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Our aim was to Uupdate/U the health service, and we succeeded. A. offer B. modernize C. provide D. fund（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Her comments about men are Uu

3、tterly/U ridiculous. A. slightly B. partly C. faintly D. completely（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The sea turtles natural habitat has been Uconsiderably/U reduced. A. suddenly B. greatly C. generally D. slightly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Forester stared at his car, Utrembling/U with rage. A. turning B. jumping C. shout

4、ing D. shaking（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.All the flats in the building had the same Ulayout/U. A. color B. arrangement C. size D. function（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The weather was Ucrisp/U and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away. A. hot B. heavy C. fresh D. windy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.He Uasserted/

5、U that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source. A. maintained B. recommended C. considered D. acknowledged（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.I think 7 for a drink is a bit Usteep/U, dont you? A. tight B. high C. low D. cheap（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Most babies can Utake in/U a wide range of food easily

6、. A. bring B. keep C. serve D. digest（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.For some Uobscure/U reason, the simple game is becoming very popular. A. obvious B. major C. unclear D. minor（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The walls are made of Uhollow/U concrete blocks. A. empty B. big C. long D. new（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Do we have to w

7、ear these name Utags/U? A. lists B. labels C. forms D. codes（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)New Understanding of Natural Silks MysteriesNatural silk, as we all know, has a strength that manmade materials have long struggled to match. In a discovery that sounds more like an ancient Chi

8、nese proverb than a materials science breakthrough, MIT researchers have discovered that silk gets its strength from its weakness. Or, more specifically, its many weaknesses. Silk gets its extraordinary durability and ductility from an unusual arrangement of hydrogen bonds that are inherently very w

9、eak but that work together to create a strong, flexible“ structure.Most materialsespecially the ones we engineer for strengthget their toughness from brittleness. As such, natural silks like those produced by spiders have long fascinated both biologists and engineers because of their light weight, d

10、uctility and high strength (pound for pound, silk is stronger than steel and far less brittle). But on its face, it doesnt seem that silks should be as strong as they are; molecularly, they are held together by hydrogen bonds, which are far weaker than the covalent bonds found in other molecules.To

11、get a better understanding of how silk manages to produce such strength through such weak bonds, the MIT team created a set of computer models that allowed them to observe the way silk behaves at the atomic level. They found that the arrangement of the tiny silk nanocrystals is such that the hydroge

12、n bonds are able to work cooperatively, reinforcing one another against external forces and failing slowly when they do fail, so as not so allow a sudden fracture to spread across a silk structure.The result is natural silks that can stretch and bend while retaining a high degree of strength. But wh

13、ile thats all well and good for spiders, bees and the like, this understanding of silk geometry could lead to new materials that are stronger and more ductile than those we can currently manufacture. Our best and strongest materials are generally expensive and difficult to produce (requiring high te

14、mperature treatments or energy-intensive processes).By looking to silk as a model, researchers could potentially devise new manufacturing methods that rely on inexpensive materials and weak bonds to create less rigid, more forgiving materials that are nonetheless stronger than anything currently on

15、offer. And if you thought you were going to get out of this materials science story without hearing about carbon n anotubes, think again. The MIT team is already in the lab looking into ways of synthesizing silk-like structures out of materials that are stronger than natural silklike carbon nanotube

16、s. Super-silks are on the horizon.（分数：7.00）(1).MIT researchers carry out the study to illustrate an ancient Chinese proverb. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Silks strength comes from its weak hydrogen bonds working together. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(

17、3).Biologist and engineer are interested in understanding natural silks because they are very light and brittle. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).If the hydrogen bonds break due to external forces, they break fast. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The MIT

18、team had tried different materials before they studied natural silk in their research. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).Carbon nanotubes are currently the most popular topic in material science. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).It is indicated that materia

19、ls stronger than natural silk can be expected in the future. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Learn about Noble Gases (惰性气体)1. Have you ever ridden on a balloon? Many tourist spots offer balloon rides in order for people to see the beauty of a place

20、 from above. A balloon contains a noble gas called helium(氦). Formerly, balloons contained hydrogen but hydrogen is very flammable and dangerous when uncontrolled. Therefore, people shifted to helium, which is safer. Helium is safe because it has the properties of the noble gases.2. People once beli

21、eved that noble gases couldnt chemically react at all. For this reason, they were called inert gases(惰性气体). They were also listed under Group 0 in the old periodic table because scientists believed that the gases have zero valence (价) electrons in their outer shell. This was later proven to be untru

22、e when some noble gas compounds were discovered.3. The gases are elements, which share similar properties. These properties include being monoatomic, colorless, odorless, being able to conduct electricity, and having low chemical reactivity. Noble gases include Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon an

23、d Radon. These are all found in Group 18, in the rightmost column of the periodic table. If you look at the periodic table, you will notice that these elements are the only ones, which do not have a charge. Helium has the lowest molecular (分子的) weight while Radon is the heaviest.4. Remember that che

24、mical reactions occur because atoms have valence electrons, which are electrons in their outer shell. When the outer shell is “unfilled“ or the required number of electrons is not yet complete, the atom is more reactive. Noble gases have a full outer shell, meaning that they have complete electrons

25、in their outer shell. This complete number varies. For instance, the outer shell of Helium has 2 valence electrons while the outer shell of Xenon has 8 electrons. Nowadays, there remains to be a few noble gases because of the low chemical reactivity of these said gases.5. Because of their properties

26、, noble gases have many important applications. They are widely used in medicine and industries. For instance, liquid Helium is used for superconducting magnets(磁体). These magnets are very important in physics and medicine. When a doctor suspects that a persons brain has been damaged, he might reque

27、st for Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI). MRI allows the doctor to “see“ the brain, without operating on the patient.（分数：8.00）(1).paragraph 2 _. A. What are noble gases B. What is the periodic table C. What causes the low chemical reactivity of noble gases D. How were noble gases discovered E. How wer

28、e noble gases understood in the past F. What are the applications of noble gases（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).paragraph 3 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).paragraph 4 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).paragraph 5 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Noble gases are not very chemically _. A. reactive B. lightest C. important D. complete E. flammab

29、le F. unnecessary（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Among the elements of noble gases Helium is the _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).The required number of electrons in noble gases outer shell is _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).MRI may make operating on the patient _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、B第一篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.0

30、0)Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking?Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communicationhaving a mobile p

31、hone shows that they are cool and connected.The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professional worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serous debate about

32、this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change i

33、n the issues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning (扫描) equipment, in one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldnt remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mo

34、bile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employers doctor didnt agree.What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small a

35、mounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that its best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk

36、for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, its wise not to use your mobile phone too often.（

37、分数：15.00）(1).People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT that _. A. theyre popular B. theyre useful C. theyre cheap D. theyre convenient（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The world “detected“ in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by _. A. cured B. removed C. discovered D. caused（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Th

38、e salesman retired young because _. A. he disliked using mobile phones B. he was tired of talking on his mobile phone C. his employers doctor persuaded him to D. he couldnt remember simple tasks（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing companies _. A. deny the exis

39、tence of mobile phone radiation B. develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation C. try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health D. hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The writers purpose of writing this article is to advise people

40、 _. A. to buy mobile phones B. to use mobile phones less often C. to update regular phones D. to stop using mobile phones（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、B第二篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Night of the Living AntsWhen an ant dies, other ants move the dead insect out of the nest. This behavior is interesting to scientists, who

41、 wonder how ants know for sureand so soonthat another ant is dead.Dong-Hwan Choe, a scientist at the University of California found that Argentine ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, “Im deadtake me away.“But theres a twist to Choes discovery. These ants a

42、re a little bit like zombies (僵尸). Choe says that the living antsnot just the dead oneshave this death chemicals. In other words, while an ant crawls around, perhaps in a picnic or home, its telling other ants that its dead.What keeps ants from hauling away the living dead? Choe found that Argentine

43、 ants have two additional chemicals on their bodies, and these tell nearby ants something like, “WaitIm not dead yet,“ So Choes research turned up two sets of chemical signals in ants: one says, “Im dead,“ the other set says,“ Im not dead yet.“Other scientists have tried to figure out how ants know

44、when another ant is dead. If an ant is knocked unconscious, other ants leave it alone until it wakes up. That means ants know that unmoving ants can still be alive.Choe suspects that when an Argentine ant dies, the chemical that says “WaitIm not dead yet“ quickly goes away. Once that chemical is gon

45、e, only the one that says “Im dead“ is left. “Its because the dead ant no longer smells like a living ant that it gets carried to the graveyard (墓地), not because its body releases new unique chemicals after death,“ said Choe. When other ants detect the “dead“ chemical without the “not dead yet“ chem

46、ical, they haul away the body. This was Choes hypothesis (假设).To test his hypothesis, Choe and his team put different chemicals on Argentine ant pupae (蛹). When the scientists used the “Im dead“ chemical, other ants quickly hauled the treated pupae away. When the scientists used the “WaitIm not dead

47、 yet“ chemicals, other ants left the treated pupae alone. Choe believes this behavior shows that the “not dead yet“ chemicals override (优先于) the “dead“ chemical when picked up by adult ants. And that when an ant dies, the “not dead yet“ chemicals fade away. Other nearby ants then detect the remaining “dead“ chemical and remove the body from the nest.（分数：15.00）(1).What is meant by “death chemical“ mentioned in paragraph 3? A. A chemical that contains poison. B. A chemical that causes death. C. A chemical that announces death. D. A chemical that prevents death.（分数：3.00）