职称英语理工类C类-概括大意与完成句子专项突破及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语理工类 C 类-概括大意与完成句子专项突破及答案解析(总分：99.84，做题时间：90 分钟)一、概括大意与完成句子(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Unlocking the Human Genome (基因组)1Aproject to unlock secretswhat scientist could resist that challenge? This is what many scientists are doing as they work on the Human Genome Project. The aim of the project is to decode (

2、破译) all of the some 100,000 genes in the human body. Scientists are using DNA fingerprinting techniques to do the decoding.2DNAis the substance found in the chromosomes (染色体) of a cell. A chromosome is a chain of genes. Each gene carries a piece of genetic information. At any one moment in a cell, t

3、housands of genes are turned on and off to produce proteins (蛋白质). The challenge for scientists is to find out what role each gene plays in protein production. At some point this decoding will be complete. Then scientists will have a map of an ideal genome, or a picture of the total genetic nature o

4、f a human being. The ideal genome is called a consensus (交感) genome. Everything works well in a consensus genome.3But no one in the world has a consensus genome. Everyones genome is different from the ideal. These differences are referred to as genetic mutations (突变). Genetic mutations in a persons

5、genome mean that the person has a greater than average chance of suffering from health problems. Some problems are not life-threatening. These would include things like colorblindness, or mild headaches. Other problems are serious, such as heart disease, or cancer.4It will take years to identify the

6、 role of each of the 100,000 genes. The short-term goal of the project is to find the physical and mental health problems a person is likely to encounter during his or her lifetime. The long-term goal is to have each person live a longer, healthier life.（分数：24.96）(1).AHow does DNA work?BWhat is the

7、Human Genome Project about?CHow are the DNA samples collected?DWhat are the goals of the Human Genome Project?EWhat is the role of each gene?FWhat are the consequences of genetic mutations?Paragraph 1 _（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 _（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 _（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4

8、_（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_(5).Athat persons healthBa scientific answerCscientific researchersDthe genesEthe functionFthe sizeThe Human Genome Project is trying to map all _ that make us human.（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_(6).Decoding the human genome is a challenge to _.（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_(7).Genetic mutations in a persons

9、genome may affect _.（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_(8).Scientists are trying hard to discover _ of each of the genes in our body.（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_Early Ideas about the Universe1Early man got his ideas about the universe by looking at the stars as you do. He observed carefully, and learned many things about the sun,

10、 the moon, and the stars.2Suppose you were asked to collect evidence about the sun as early man did. You might go out morning after morning and see it come up in the east. Even on cloudy mornings, you would observe that the darkness goes away and the world becomes light. You might not see the sun bu

11、t would be sure it is there, because you notice that the earth warms up. As you continued, the sun climbs higher in the sky each day during part of the year. It stays in the sky longer. The earth gets warmer. Things begin to grow. It is spring and then summer.3After a while the sun stays in the sky

12、for shorter and shorter periods. Many plants begin to die. Leaves fall. Winter comes. Year after year this is repeated and you cannot tell exactly why it happens. But you realize that the sun seems to make the difference. Primitive (原始的) man felt that since the sun was so powerful it must be a god.

13、It may seem silly to us now to worship (崇拜) a sun-god, but primitive man was right about the importance of the sun to life on earth.4You have been told that the world is round. But suppose no one had ever taught you that the world was like a huge ball. Would you have ever thought of it yourself? You

14、 cannot see the curve (曲线) of the earth at once. You would have no idea of how big it was. Thats why early man believed that the earth was small and flat. Such ideas appeared from the evidence they had.5If you watch the stars night after night, you will see them rise and set. As you look at the sky,

15、 it is not difficult to imagine that you are in the center of a vast collection of twinkling (闪烁) lights. Some early astronomers (天文学家) believed the sky was a crystal shell or series of crystal shells, one inside the other. They believed this because that is what the night sky looked like. For many

16、centuries, men believed that the earth was the center of the universe and that the sun, the moon, and the stars circled around it.（分数：24.96）(1).AEarly Ideas about the Sky and the StarsBThe Importance of the Sun to Life on EarthCPrimitive Knowledge of the MoonDThe Sun in Autumn and WinterEEarly Ideas

17、 about the EarthFCollecting Evidence about the SunParagraph 2 _（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_(5).Ahe did not observe the sun carefully enoughBhe could not see its curveCthe sun, the moon and the stars seemed to move

18、 around itDthe earth circles around the sunEit looked like that at nightFit has power over life on earthEarly man thought the earth was small and flat because _.（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_(6).Primitive man believed the sun was a god because _.（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_(7).Early man thought the earth was the center of th

19、e universe because _.（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_(8).Early astronomers believed that the sky was a crystal shell or series of crystal shells because _.（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_AStar Is Born1The VLT (Very Large Telescope) is the worlds largest telescope (望远镜) and is taking astronomers (天文学家) further back to the Big Bang

20、than they ever thought possible. Located 2,600 metres up in the Chilean Andes, it has four huge mirrors, each about the size of a London bus. The VLT is so powerful it can spot a burning match 10,000 kilometres away.2This astonishing power will allow astronomers to see events in space from the birth

21、 of stars to the collision (碰撞) of galaxies (星系) on the edge of the cosmos (宇宙). The VLT is giving astronomers their best-ever view of the cosmos. The power of the VLT to see the smallest detail at the furthest distances makes its designers amazed.3Take the case of Eta Carinae, one of the most explo

22、sive stars in the universe. This star produces ultraviolet laser rays (紫外线) and it will destroy itself in a few million years time. It is five times brighter than the sun and when it explodes it is going to be a sight worth waiting for!4But it is at distances of millions, even billions, of light yea

23、rs that the VLT really shows its power. The VLT can detect light that set out on its journey before the earth even existed. This gives astronomers their first-ever detailed views of events that took place in the earliest days of the cosmos.5In other words, the VLT is a kind of a time machine. It tak

24、es astronomers back to a time when complete galaxies crashed into each other. The effects of these past collisions can now be seen by scientists, and astronomers believe the telescope will reveal more about these exciting events in the years to come. One day, we might be able to say we have traveled

25、 back to the beginning of time, and we will have a much clearer picture of how our planet was born.（分数：24.96）(1).AEvents that took place before the earth existedBPower of the telescopeCDetails of Eta CarinaeDInvention of a time machineEBiggest telescopeFBirth of the new worldsParagraph 1 _（分数：3.12）填

26、空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 _（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 _（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4 _（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_(5).Aits detecting powerBmillions of light years away in spaceCthe location of the VLTDas an exampleEthe birth of the earthFthe rotation of the earthThe VLT will allow scientists to see events _.

27、（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_(6).The designers of the VLT are surprised at _.（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_(7).Eta Carinae is taken _.（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_(8).Scientists believe the VLT will tell us more about _.（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_Ford1Fords great strength was the manufacturing processnot invention. Long before he started a car compa

28、ny, he was a worker, known for picking up pieces of metal and wire and turning them into machines. He started putting cars together in 1891. Although it was by no means the first popular automobile, the Model T showed the world just how creative Ford was at combining technology and market.2The compa

29、nys assembly line alone threw Americas Industrial Revolution into overdrive (高速运转). Instead of having workers put together the entire car, Fords friends, who were great toolmakers from Scotland, organized teams that added parts to each Model T as it moved down a line. By the time Fords Highland Park

30、 plant was humming (嗡嗡作响) along in 1914, the worlds first automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93 minutes.3The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with the $5-a-day minimum wage scheme, the greatest contribution he had ever made. The average wage in the auto industry then was $2.34

31、for a 9-hour shift. Ford not only doubled that, he also took an hour off the workday. In those years it was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much for doing something that didnt involve an awful lot of training or education. The Wall Street Journal called the plan “an economic crime“, and cr

32、itics everywhere laughed at Ford.4But as the wage increased later to daily $10, it proved a critical component of Fords dream to make the automobile accessible (可及的) to all. The critics were too stupid to understand that because Ford had lowered his costs per car, the higher wages didnt matterexcept

33、 for making it possible for more people to buy cars.（分数：24.96）(1).AFords opponentsBThe assembly lineCFords great dreamDThe establishment of the companyEFords biggest contributionFFords great talentParagraph 1 _（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 _（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 _（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_(4).Para

34、graph 4 _（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_(5).Acriticized by the mediaBthe low wage in the auto industryCtheir lower prices and the higher wagesDproduce cars in large numbersEthe 8-hour shiftFsupported by his friendsThe assembly line made it possible to _.（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_(6).Ford was the first to adopt _.（分数：3.12）填空

35、项 1:_(7).Fords cars became available to ordinary people thanks to _.（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_(8).Fords higher-wage and lower-cost strategy was strongly _.（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_职称英语理工类 C 类-概括大意与完成句子专项突破答案解析(总分：99.84，做题时间：90 分钟)一、概括大意与完成句子(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Unlocking the Human Genome (基因组)1Aproject to unlock secretswh

36、at scientist could resist that challenge? This is what many scientists are doing as they work on the Human Genome Project. The aim of the project is to decode (破译) all of the some 100,000 genes in the human body. Scientists are using DNA fingerprinting techniques to do the decoding.2DNAis the substa

37、nce found in the chromosomes (染色体) of a cell. A chromosome is a chain of genes. Each gene carries a piece of genetic information. At any one moment in a cell, thousands of genes are turned on and off to produce proteins (蛋白质). The challenge for scientists is to find out what role each gene plays in

38、protein production. At some point this decoding will be complete. Then scientists will have a map of an ideal genome, or a picture of the total genetic nature of a human being. The ideal genome is called a consensus (交感) genome. Everything works well in a consensus genome.3But no one in the world ha

39、s a consensus genome. Everyones genome is different from the ideal. These differences are referred to as genetic mutations (突变). Genetic mutations in a persons genome mean that the person has a greater than average chance of suffering from health problems. Some problems are not life-threatening. The

40、se would include things like colorblindness, or mild headaches. Other problems are serious, such as heart disease, or cancer.4It will take years to identify the role of each of the 100,000 genes. The short-term goal of the project is to find the physical and mental health problems a person is likely

41、 to encounter during his or her lifetime. The long-term goal is to have each person live a longer, healthier life.（分数：24.96）(1).AHow does DNA work?BWhat is the Human Genome Project about?CHow are the DNA samples collected?DWhat are the goals of the Human Genome Project?EWhat is the role of each gene

42、?FWhat are the consequences of genetic mutations?Paragraph 1 _（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：B）解析：(2).Paragraph 2 _（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：E）解析：(3).Paragraph 3 _（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：F）解析：(4).Paragraph 4 _（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：D）解析：(5).Athat persons healthBa scientific answerCscientific researchersDthe gen

43、esEthe functionFthe sizeThe Human Genome Project is trying to map all _ that make us human.（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：D）解析：(6).Decoding the human genome is a challenge to _.（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：C）解析：(7).Genetic mutations in a persons genome may affect _.（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：A）解析：(8).Scientists are t

44、rying hard to discover _ of each of the genes in our body.（分数：3.12）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：E）解析：Early Ideas about the Universe1Early man got his ideas about the universe by looking at the stars as you do. He observed carefully, and learned many things about the sun, the moon, and the stars.2Suppose you were a

45、sked to collect evidence about the sun as early man did. You might go out morning after morning and see it come up in the east. Even on cloudy mornings, you would observe that the darkness goes away and the world becomes light. You might not see the sun but would be sure it is there, because you not

46、ice that the earth warms up. As you continued, the sun climbs higher in the sky each day during part of the year. It stays in the sky longer. The earth gets warmer. Things begin to grow. It is spring and then summer.3After a while the sun stays in the sky for shorter and shorter periods. Many plants begin to die. Leaves fall. Winter comes. Year after year this is repeated and you cannot tell exactly why it happens. But you realize that the sun seems to make the difference. Primitive (原始的) man fe