职称英语理工类B级真题2016年及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语理工类 B 级真题 2016 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The revelation of his past led to his resignation.（分数：1.00）A.imaginationB.disclosureC.confirmationD.recall2.Jensen is a dangerous man, and can be very brutal .（分数：1.00）A.carelessB.cruelC.strongD.hard3.You“ll have to sprin

2、t if you want to catch the train.（分数：1.00）A.jumpB.escapeC.runD.prepare4.We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.（分数：1.00）A.changeableB.stableC.suitableD.adaptable5.The new garment fits her perfectly.（分数：1.00）A.haircutB.purseC.clothesD.necklace6.The phobia may have its root in

3、 a childhood trauma .（分数：1.00）A.fearB.joyC.hurtD.memory7.They have built canals to irrigate the desert.（分数：1.00）A.decorateB.waterC.changeD.visit8.Her overall language proficiency remains that of a toddler .（分数：1.00）A.disabledB.pupilC.teenagerD.baby9.The coastal area has very mild winter, but the cen

4、tral plains remain extremely cold.（分数：1.00）A.warmB.severeC.hardD.dry10.The details of the costume were totally authentic .（分数：1.00）A.realB.outstandingC.creativeD.false11.We are aware of the potential problems.（分数：1.00）A.globalB.possibleC.ongoingD.central12.The idea was quite brilliant .（分数：1.00）A.po

5、sitiveB.cleverC.keyD.original13.Stock market price tumbled after rumor of a rise in interest rate.（分数：1.00）A.regulatedB.increasedC.maintainedD.fell14.The course gives you basic instruction in car maintenance.（分数：1.00）A.coachingB.ideaC.termD.aspect15.All houses within 100 metres of the seas are at ri

6、sk of flooding.（分数：1.00）A.in dangerB.out of controlC.between equalsD.in particular二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The Theory of EverythingIf Stephen Hawking lives until the year 2017, he will have lived more than 50 years longer than his doctors expected. When he was a college student, doctors discovere

7、d that he had a rare disease. This disease causes a gradual disintegration (分解) of the nerve cells in the brain cells that regulate voluntary muscle activity. Death almost always occurs within two or three years. Today Stephen Hawking cannot walk or speak. He cannot move his arms or his head. He can

8、not taste or smell anything. And yet this man is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University, a position held by the famous scientist Isaac Newton in 1669. Hawking is often described as the greatest scientist since Albert Einstein, but to the world outside science, he is also known as the man w

9、ho made scientific theory understandable. His book, A Brief History of Time , has sold over eight million copies. He says that since he does not have to think about his body or do any of the things other men have to worry about, such as washing the car or working in the yard, he can dedicate all of

10、his time to thinking. This puts him in the perfect position to find the answer to the question that he has dedicated his life to. His question is: Is there a complete theory of the universe and everything in it? Despite his tremendous physical disabilities, he has already made some very important di

11、scoveries about the origin of the universe, how the universe holds together, and how it will probably end. He has also been able to explain the secrets of “black holes“ in space. Now he is looking for a set of rules that everything in our universe must obey. He calls it the Theory of Everything: He

12、thinks that someone will have found the answer within the next 20 years. If Stephen Hawking is able to find his Theory of Everything, he will have given the world the opportunity to understand things that will change the whole nature of science and probably also the way we live.（分数：7.00）(1).Stephen

13、Hawking will be 50 years old by 2017.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Stephen Hawking suffers from a rare brain disease.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Stephen Hawking is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).A Brief History of

14、Time is very difficult for students to understand.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Stephen Hawking has much time to think because he doesn“t have to do any other work.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Stephen Hawking has spent around ten years explaining the secrets of “black holes“

15、.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The Theory of Everything is about the rules that everything in our universe must follow.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Geothermal (地热) Energy1 Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones, the heat fr

16、om the earth“s center flows outwards towards the surface. In this way, it transfers to the next layer of rock. If the temperature is high enough, some of this rock melts and forms magma (岩浆). The magma ascends in its turn towards the earth“s surface. It often remains well below the earth“s surface,

17、creating vast areas of hot rock. In such regions, there are deep cracks, which allow rainwater to descend underground. Some of the heated rainwater travels back up to the earth“s surface where it will appear as a hot spring. However, if this ascending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable (不可渗透的)

18、 rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal reservoir. If geothermal reservoirs are close enough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling wells. Hot water and steam shoot up the wells naturally, and can be used to produce electricity in geothermal power plants. 2 A few geothermal power pl

19、ants depend on dry-steam reservoirs which produce steam but little or no water. In these cases, the steam is piped up directly to provide the power to spin a turbine generator. The first geothermal power plant, constructed at Lardarello in Italy, was of this type, and is still producing electricity

20、today. 3 Most currently operating geothermal power plants are either “flash“ steam plants or binary (双重的) plants. Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging in temperature from 300 to 700 Fahrenheit. This water is passed through one or two separators where, released from the pressure of the under

21、ground reservoir, it “flashes“ or boils into steam. Again, the force of this steam provides the energy to spin the turbine and produce electricity. The geothermal water and steam are then reinjected directly back down into the earth to maintain the volume and pressure of the reservoir. Gradually the

22、y will be reheated and can then be used again. 4 A reservoir with temperatures below 300 Fahrenheit is not hot enough to flash steam but it can still be used to generate electricity in a binary fluid. The steam from this is used to power the turbines. As in the flash steam plant, the geothermal wate

23、r is recycled back into the reservoir.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1 A. Dry steam plants B. Binary plants C. Origin of geothermal energy D. Generation of electricity E. Flash steam plants F. Recyclable water and steam（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）

24、(5).A geothermal reservoir is formed when hot water is trapped under 1. A. the energy to turn a turbine B. impermeable rock C. one or two separators D. turbine operator E. little or no water F. hot springs（分数：1.00）(6).A dry-steam reservoir produces steam with 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Flash plants produce hot

25、water through 1.（分数：1.00）(8).In a binary plant, the heat of the geothermal water can be converted into 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Smart WindowsWindows not only let light in to cut down on electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also prov

26、ides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with an advanced technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between easily. “It took us a long time to figure out what a window really i

27、s,“ says Claes Granqvist. He“s a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden. “It“s contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.“ So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they“r

28、e stuck indoors. Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In winter, cold air leaks in. When it“s hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their a

29、ir conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air, which can feel so refreshing (使人清新的), actually sucks up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world. Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a tong time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategi

30、es for coating, glazing (用玻璃覆盖), and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use chromogenic (发色的) technologies which involve changes of color. Electrochromic (电致色的) windows use electricity to change color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with

31、thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide (氧化钨) works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage (电压) is decreased, the window darkens until it“s completely dark after all ele

32、ctricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark. One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of “memory“. All it takes is a small change of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that w

33、ay. Transitions take anywhere from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer be needed. “In the future,“ Granqvist says, “our buildings may look different.“（分数：15.00）(1).Which of t

34、he following values of windows is NOT mentioned?（分数：3.00）A.They let light in to brighten the house.B.They let light in to heat the house.C.They let us have visual contact with the surrounding world.D.They let us think about the outside world.(2).The expression “when it comes to“ in Paragraph 3 is us

35、ed to _.（分数：3.00）A.signal the arrival of a guestB.indicate the recovery of consciousnessC.show our understanding of somethingD.introduce a new aspect of a topic(3).According to Paragraph 4, smart windows are the windows that _.（分数：3.00）A.are coatedB.are glazedC.have several layersD.can change color(

36、4).Which paragraph gives an account of the way electrochromic windows change color?（分数：3.00）A.Paragraph 5.B.Paragraph 3.C.Paragraph 4.D.Paragraph 6.(5).A smart window is smart mainly because _.（分数：3.00）A.it can change its sizeB.it can change its structureC.it can change the voltage of electricityD.i

37、t has a sort of memory六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Sports Star Yao MingIf Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world, he is almost certainly the tallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to compe

38、te in the Gaines. But what really stands out about the giant center is his celebrity (名气). Few, if any, Chinese athletes are as well-known as Yao around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess (杰出的才能) but also for being a symbol of internationa

39、l commerce. When Yao joined the Houston Rockets as the No. 1 pick in the 2002 NBA draft (选拔), he was the first international player ever to be selected first. His assets on the court are clear enoughno NBA player of his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he is a handful (难对付的人) for opponents o

40、n either end of the court. But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organization is his role as a global citizen and as a bridge to millions of potential basketball fans in China. When it was announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season and possibly the Olympics with a st

41、ress fracture (骨折) in his left foot, a collective shudder (震动) spread across China. After considerable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgically treated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, to offer his overburdened foot more support. The surgery was a s

42、uccess, and though the estimated four-month recovery period will leave him little time to prepare with Team China, Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics. Yao wrapped up a 10-day trip to China, where he underwent a series of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments, hoping to accele

43、rate his recovery process. Western experts are generally skeptical of TCM“s benefits, although new research from the University of Rochester suggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may indeed stimulate bone repair. “There is no reason to dismiss TCM,“ Yao told a press conference in B

44、eijing. “It“s been used in our country for thousands of years. I don“t think that it“s short on science. “（分数：15.00）(1).The word “towering“ in Paragraph 1 means _.（分数：3.00）A.largeB.fatC.tallD.great(2).Opponents find it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of his _.（分数：3.00）A.mobilityB.assaultC

45、.defenseD.celebrity(3).Yao Ming had to undergo a series of TCM treatments because _.（分数：3.00）A.his right foot had been hurtingB.he wanted to make a more rapid recoveryC.the surgical operation had been a failureD.he couldn“t afford all the medical expenses(4).Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT tru

46、e?（分数：3.00）A.He missed the Athens Olympics.B.He is an NBA player.C.He fractured his left foot.D.He is an international figure.(5).In general, the Western experts“ attitude towards TCM is _.（分数：3.00）A.indifferentB.positiveC.negativeD.doubtful七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Can You Hear This?When something creat

47、es a sound wave in a room or an auditorium, listeners hear the sound wave directly from the source. They also hear the reflections as the sound bounces off the walls, floor, and ceiling. These are called the reflected wave or reverberant (反射的) sound, which can be heard even after the sound is no lon

48、ger coming from the source. The reverberation time of an auditorium is determined by the volume or interior size of the auditorium. It is also determined by how well or how poorly the walls, ceiling, floor, and contents of the room (including the people) absorb sound. There is no ideal reverberation

49、 time, because each use of an auditorium calls for different reverberation. Speech needs to be understood clearly; therefore rooms used for talking must have a short reverberation time. The full-sound performance of music such as Wagner operas or Mahler symphonies should have a long reverberation time. The light, rapid musical passages of Bach or Mozart need a reverberation time somewhere between. Acoustic problems often are caused by poor auditorium design. Smooth, curved reflecting surfaces create large reflections. Parallel (平行的) walls reflect sound ba