职称英语理工类B级模拟62及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语理工类 B 级模拟 62 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Mary has blended the ingredients.（分数：1.00）A.mixedB.madeC.cookedD.eaten2.They agreed to modify their policy.（分数：1.00）A.clarifyB.changeC.defineD.develop3.The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September.（分数：1.00）

2、A.playB.sendC.showD.tell4.A notably short man, he plays basketball with his staff several times a week.（分数：1.00）A.practicallyB.considerablyC.remarkablyD.completely5.The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.（分数：1.00）A.take outB.repairC.push inD.dig6.It is absurd to predict that the sun will n

3、ot rise tomorrow.（分数：1.00）A.ridiculousB.funnyC.oddD.foolish7.A lot of people could fall ill after drinking contaminated water.（分数：1.00）A.muddiedB.pollutedC.mixedD.troubled8.The room is dim and quiet.（分数：1.00）A.tinyB.pleasantC.darkD.agreeable9.The index is the government“s chief gauge of future econo

4、mic activity.（分数：1.00）A.measureB.opinionC.evaluationD.decision10.It“s prudent to start any exercise program gradually at first.（分数：1.00）A.workableB.sensibleC.possibleD.feasible11.He is renowned for his skill.（分数：1.00）A.rememberedB.recommendedC.praisedD.well-known12.You have to be patient if you want

5、 to sustain your position.（分数：1.00）A.maintainB.establishC.acquireD.support13.She stood there, trembling with fear.（分数：1.00）A.jumpingB.cryingC.swayingD.shaking14.Medical facilities are being upgraded .（分数：1.00）A.renewedB.repairedC.improvedD.increased15.Mary looked pale and weary .（分数：1.00）A.gloomyB.u

6、glyC.sillyD.exhausted二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Keep on FightingTurning once again to the question of invasion, I would observe that there has never been a period in all these long centuries of which we boast when an absolute guarantee against invasion, still less against serious raids, could have

7、been given to our people. In the days of Napoleon the same wind which would have carried his transports across the Channel might have driven away the blockading (封锁) fleet. There was always the chance, and it is that chance which has excited and befooled (愚弄) the imaginations of many continental tyr

8、ants. Many are the tales that are told. We are assured that novel methods will be adopted, and when we see the originality of malice (怨恨), the ingenuity of aggression, which our enemy displays, we may certainly prepare ourselves for every kind of novel stratagem (战略) and every kind of brutal and tre

9、acherous (奸诈的) maneuver (花招). I think that no idea is so outlandish (古怪的) that it should not be considered and viewed with a searching, but at the same time, I hope, with a steady eye. We must never forget the solid assurances of sea power and those which belong to air power if it can be locally exe

10、rcised. At any rate, that is what we are going to try to do. This is the resolve of His Majesty“s governmentevery man of them. This is the will of parliament and the nation. The British Empire and the French republic, linked together in their cause and in their need, will defend to the death their n

11、ative soil, aiding each other like good comrades to the utmost of their strength. Even though large tracts of Europe and many old and famous states have fallen or may fall into the grip of the Gestapo and all the odious (可憎的) apparatus of Nazi rule, we shall not flag (变弱) or fail. We shall go on to

12、the end, we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost might be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields

13、 and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills, we shall never surrender, and even if, which I do not for a moment believe, this island or a large part of it were subjugated (征服) and starving, then our empire beyond the seas, armed and guarded by the British fleet, would carry on the struggle, unt

14、il, in God“s good time, the new world, with its power and might, steps forth to the rescue and the liberation of the old.（分数：7.00）(1).Throughout Britain“s history, there has been no guarantee that an invasion would not happen.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Napoleon and his army once cross

15、ed the English Channel and conquered Britain.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The enemy will use every means conceivable to destroy Britain.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Churchill is confident that he will live longer than Hitler.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The Roy

16、al Air Force will launch massive air strikes against the Germans.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The British Empire is so strong that it does not have to take Hitler“s menace seriously.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Although many countries have been overrun by the Germans, the B

17、ritish people will never give in.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Black HolesWhat is a black hole? Well, it“s difficult to answer this question, since the terms we normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here. Astronomers and scientists t

18、hink that a black hole is a region of space (not a thing) into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escapenot even light, so we can“t see a black hole. A black hole exerts (施加) a strong gravitational (重力的) pull and yet it has no matter. Since the black hole is only space, we think. How

19、 can this happen? The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point; they “collapse“ and sometimes a supernova (超新星) occurs. The collapse of a star may produce a “White Dwarf (白矮星)“ of a “neutron star“ a star whose matter is so dense that it continually shrinks

20、 by the force of its own gravity. But if the star is very large this process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results. Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble, but still having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull, and you have some idea of the force of a black h

21、ole. Any matter near the black hole is sucked in. It is impossible to say what happens inside a black hole. Our space and time laws don“t seem to apply to objects in the area of a black hole. Einstein“s relativity theory is the only one that can explain such phenomena. Einstein claimed that matter a

22、nd energy are interchangeable so that there is no “absolute“ time and space. There are no constants at all, and measurements of time and space depend on the position of the observerthey are relative. Einstein“s theory provided a basis for the idea of black holes before astronomers started to find so

23、me evidence for their existence. It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. The most convincing evidence of black holes comes from research into binary (由两部分组成的) star systems. In some binary star systems, astronomers have shown that there is an invisible comp

24、anion star, a “partner“ to the one which we can see in the sky. There is one star, called by its catalogue number HDE 226868, which must have a partner. This partner star, it seems, has a mass ten or twenty times greater than the sunyet we can“t see it. Matter from HDE 226868 is being dragged toward

25、s this companion star. Could this invisible star, which exerts such a great force, be a black hole? Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as companions.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1. A. The convincing evidence of black holes B. The explosion of black holes C.

26、The explanation of the black hole D. The definition of the black hole E. The origin of the universe F. The formation of the black hole（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 2 1.（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.00）(5).We can not see the black hole because 1. A. there is no “absolute“ space

27、 and time B. each star we see in the sky has an invisible companion star C. it is a region of space rather than being made up of by matters D. we can not see the black hole with our naked eye E. their intensity increases to a particular point F. these stars are hit by other stars（分数：1.00）(6).Some st

28、ars would explode when 1.（分数：1.00）(7).According to Einstein, matter and energy are interchangeable so that 1.（分数：1.00）(8).In the binary star system, the astronomers demonstrate that 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Ancient Egypt Brought Down by FamineEven ancient Egypt“s m

29、ighty pyramid (金字塔) builders were powerless in the face of the famine (饥荒) that helped bring down their civilization around 2180 B. C. Now evidence collected from mud deposited by the River Nile suggests that a shift in climate thousands of kilometers to the south was ultimately to blameand the same

30、 or worse could happen today. The ancient Egyptians depended on the Nile“s annual floods to irrigate their crops. But any change in climate that pushed the African monsoons (季风) southwards out of Ethiopia would have reduced these floods. Declining rains in the Ethiopian highlands would have meant fe

31、wer plants to stabilize the soil. When rain did fall it would have washed large amounts of soil into the Blue Nile and into Egypt, along with sediment (沉积) from the White Nile. Blue Nile mud has a different isotope (同位素) signature from that of the white Nile. So by analyzing isotope differences in m

32、ud deposited in the Nile Delta. Michael Krom of Leeds University worked out what proportion of sediment came from each branch of the river. Krom reasons that during periods of drought, the amount of Blue Nile mud in the river would be relatively high. He found that one of these periods, from 4,500 t

33、o 4,200 years ago, immediately came before the fall of the Egypt“s old Kingdom. The weakened waters would have been disaster for the Egyptians. “Changes that affect food supply don“t have to be very large to have a ripple (波浪) effect in societies,“ says Bill Ryan of the Lamont Doherty Earth Observat

34、ory in New York. Similar events today could be even more devastating, says team member Daniel Stanley. A scientist from the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C. “Anything humans do to shift the climate belts would have an even worse effect along the Nile system today because the populations ha

35、ve increased dramatically.“（分数：15.00）(1).Why does the author mention “Egypt“s mighty pyramid builders“?（分数：3.00）A.Because they once worked miracles.B.Because they were well-built.C.Because they were actually very weak.D.Because even they were unable to rescue their civilization.(2).Which of the foll

36、owing factors was ultimately responsible for bringing down the civilization of ancient Egypt?（分数：3.00）A.Change of climate.B.Corruption.C.Flood.D.Population growth.(3).Which of the following statements is true?（分数：3.00）A.The White Nile is the trunk of the River Nile.B.The White Nile is the trunk of t

37、he Blue Nile.C.The White Nile is a branch of the Blue Nile.D.The White Nile is a branch of the River Nile.(4).According to Krom, the Egypt“s old Kingdom fell _.（分数：3.00）A.immediately after a period of droughtB.immediately after a period of floodC.just before a drought struckD.just before a flood str

38、uck(5).The word “devastating“ in the last paragraph could be best replaced by _.（分数：3.00）A.“frustrating“B.“damaging“C.“defeating“D.“worrying“六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Sugar Power for Cell PhonesUsing enzymes commonly found in living cells, a new type of fuel cell produces small amounts of electricity fro

39、m sugar. If the technology is able to succeed in mass production, you may some day share your sweet drinks with your cell phone. In fuel cells, chemical reactions generate electrical currents. The process usually relies on precious metals, such as platinum. In living cells, enzymes perform a similar

40、 job, breaking down sugars to obtain electrons and produce energy. When researchers previously used enzymes in fuel cells, they had trouble keeping them active, says Shelley D. Minteer of St Louis University. Whereas biological cells continually produce fresh enzymes, there“s no mechanism in fuel ce

41、lls to replace enzymes as they quickly degrade. Minteer and Tamara Klotzbach, also of St Louis University, have now developed polymers that wrap around an enzyme and preserve it in a microscopic pocket. “We tailor these pockets to provide the ideal microenvironment“ for the enzyme, Minteer says. The

42、 polymers keep the enzyme active for months instead of days. In the new fuel cell, tiny polymer bags of enzyme are embedded in a membrane that coats one of the electrodes. When glucose from a sugary liquid gets into a pocket, the enzyme oxidizes it, releasing electrons and protons. The electrons cro

43、ss the membrane and enter a wire through which they travel to the other electrode, where they react with oxygen in the atmosphere to produce water. The flow of electrons through the wire constitutes an electrical current that can generate power. So far, the new fuel cells don“t produce much power, b

44、ut the fact that they work at all is exciting, says Paul Kenis, a chemical engineer at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. “Just getting it to work,“ Kenis says, “is a major accomplishment.“ Sugar-eating fuel cells could be an efficient way to make electricity. Sugar is easy to find. And

45、 the new fuel cells that run on it are biodegradable, so the technology wouldn“t hurt the environment. The scientists are now trying to use different enzymes that will get more power from sugar. They predict that popular products may be using the new technology in as little as 3 years.（分数：15.00）(1).

46、According to the first paragraph, when can we share our sweet drinks with our cell phones?（分数：3.00）A.When enzymes can be commonly found in living cells.B.When the technology of producing a new type of fuel cell appears.C.When the technology of a new type of fuel cell is suitable for mass production.

47、D.When the technology of mass producing cell phones appears.(2).What trouble did Minteer and Klotzbach have in their research?（分数：3.00）A.They had trouble keeping enzymes in fuel cells active.B.They had trouble keeping biological cells active.C.They had trouble producing fresh enzymes.D.They had trou

48、ble finding mechanism for producing enzymes.(3).According to Paragraph 5, electrons are released _.（分数：3.00）A.when bags of enzyme are embedded in the new fuel cellB.when glucose from a sugary liquid goes through the enzymeC.when the enzyme oxidizes the glucose from a sugary liquid that goes through

49、a pocketD.when the enzyme oxidizes the sugary liquid that goes through a pocket(4).What is exciting about the new fuel cells?（分数：3.00）A.Their limitless power generation capacity is amazing.B.Their limited power generation capacity is a good beginning.C.Their limited power generation capacity is the result of great efforts.D.Their limitless power generation capacity is a major accomplishment.(5).According to the last paragraph, what is NOT true of the new fuel cells?（分数：3.00）A.The new fuel cells run on sugar that is easy to find.B.The new fuel cells are environment friendly