职称英语理工类B级-47及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语理工类 B级-47 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.It is Uobvious/U that he will win the game. A. likely B. possible C. clear D. strange（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.There is no Urisk/U to public health. A. point B. danger C. chance D. hope（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Did anyone Ucall/U me when I

2、 was out? A. invite B. name C. answer D. phone（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.It took us a long time to Umend/U the house. A. build B. destroy C. design D. repair（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.I dont quite Ufollow/U what she is saying. A. believe B. understand C. explain D. accept（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Jack is a Udiligent/U stu

3、dent. A. ambitious B. hardworking C. lazy D. slow（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Mary said Umildly/U that she was just curious. A. shyly B. gently C. weakly D. wildly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.UPractically/U all animals communicate through sounds. A. Almost B. Clearly C. Absolutely D. Basically（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The sto

4、ry was very Utouching/U. A. inspiring B. boring C. absorbing D. moving（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.I wasnt qualified for the job really, but I got it Uanyhow/U. A. anyway B. somehow C. anywhere D. somewhere（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.There was a Uprofound/U silence after his remark. A. proud B. short C. sudden D. de

5、ep（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.I enjoyed the play it had a clever plot and Ufunny/U dialogues. A. long B. boring C. original D. humorous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The thief was finally Ucaptured/U two miles away from the village. A. caught B. killed C. found D. jailed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Such a database would be ext

6、remely costly to Uset up/U. A. transfer B. destroy C. establish D. update（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The two banks have announced plans to Umerge/U next year. A. combine B. sell C. close D. break（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The Smog (烟雾)For over a month, Indonesia was in crisis. Forest fir

7、es raged out of control as the country suffered its worst drought for 50 years. Smoke from the fires mixed with sunlight and hot dry air to form a cloud of smog. This pollution quickly spread and within days it was hanging over neighbouring countries including Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand.When t

8、he smoke combined with pollution from factories and cars, it soon became poisonous (有毒的). Dangerous amounts of CO became trapped under the smog and pollution levels rose. People wheezed (喘息) and coughed as they left the house and their eyes watered immediately.The smog made it impossible to see acro

9、ss streets and whole cities disappeared as grey soot (烟灰) covered everything. In some areas, water was hosed (用胶管浇) from high-rise city buildings to try and break up the smog. Finally, heavy rains, which came in November. Put out the fires and clear the air. But the environmental costs and health pr

10、oblems will remain Many people from South-Eastern Asian cities already suffer from breathing huge amounts of car exhaust fumes (汽车排放的废气) and factory pollution. Breathing problems could well increase and many non-sufferers may have difficulties for the first time. Wildlife has suffered too. In lowlan

11、d forests, elephants, deer, and tigers have been driven out of their homes by smog.But smog is not just an Asian problem. In fact, the word was first used in London in 1905 to describe the mixture of smoke and thick fog. Fog often hung over the capital. Sometimes the smog was so thick and poisonous

12、that people were killed by breathing problems or in accidents.About 4,000 Londoners died within five days as a result of thick smog in 1952.（分数：7.00）(1).Indonesia was in crisis because of the drought. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The smog spread to neighbouring countries. A

13、. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The air-pollution index went up to 300 within a few days. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Water was used to try to break up the smog. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Many Indonesians blamed the govern

14、ment for the drought. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).The forest animals havent been affected by the smog. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).The word “smog“ first appeared in 1952. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1

15、，分数：8.00)Electromagnetic Energy1. White light seems to be a combination of all colors. The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see. Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light. On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you fee

16、l cool. Visible light and the kind of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.2. The sun is 93 million miles from the earth. Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space.3. Many other kinds of energy are also types of e

17、lectromagnetic energy. Radio, television, and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves. Infrared (红外的) radiation is an electromagnetic wave. When it is absorbed by matter, heat is produced. Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves

18、 of radio, television, or radar. Ultraviolet rays (紫外线) and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy. Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is us

19、eful in killing certain disease organisms. X-rays and gamma rays have so mush energy that they travel right through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer. X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal, and in medicine to reveal broken bones.4. Usually we use electri

20、city to generate electromagnetic energy. The source of most of our energy is the sun. Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate. When the water fails to the earth as rain, some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators. Other generators are powered by coal, but the

21、energy stored in coal came from the sun, too.5. Until recently, the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle. If the sun depended on chemical reactions, it would have used up all its energy long ago. Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that

22、 mass can be converted into energy. About forty years after the theory was proposed, nuclear energy was harnessed (利用) by man. Chemical energy comes from electron (电子) rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chemical reactions, nuclear reactions rel

23、ease millions of times more energy per pound of fuel. We now believe that the suns energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium (氦).6. Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate electricity. It is also being used

24、to operate engines in large ships. Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy.A. Nuclear reactions as the lasting source of the suns energyB. The most important source of energyC. Types of electromagnetic energyD. The machines used for energy generationE. Seekin

25、g new sources of energyF. The use of ultraviolet radiation in medicine（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 3 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).A. when it is absorbed by matter B. when it is cloudy C. because they can pass th

26、rough solid objects D. when the sunrays are fierce E. when a change in the nucleus of an atom takes place F. when electron rearrangement takes place One can get a sunburn even _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Infrared radiation can produce heat _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).X-rays and gamma rays can be used to detect

27、and treat cancer _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Chemical energy is generated _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、B第一篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Benefited or HurtFor the most part, it seems, workers in rich countries have little to fear from globalization, and a lot to gain. But is the same thing true fo

28、r workers in poor countries? The answer is that they are even more likely than their rich country counterparts to benefit, because they have less to lose and more to gain. Orthodox economics takes an optimistic line on integration and the developing countries. Openness to foreign trade and investmen

29、t should encourage capital to flow to poor economies. In the developing world, capital is scarce, so the returns on investment there should be higher than in the industrialized countries, where the best opportunities to make money by adding capital to labor have already been used up. If pool countri

30、es lower their barriers to trade and investment, the theory goes: rich foreigners will want to send over some of their capital.If this inflow of resources arrives in the form of loans or portfolio investment, it will supplement domestic savings and loosen the financial constraint on additional inves

31、tment by local companies. If it arrives in the form of new foreign controlled operations, FDI, so much the better: this kind of capital brings technology and skills from abroad packaged along with it, with less financial risk as well. In either case, the addition to investment ought to push incomes

32、up, partly by raising the demand for labor and partly by making labor more productive.This why workers in FDI receiving countries should be in an even better position to profit from integration than workers in FDI sending countries. Also, with or without inflows of foreign capital, the same static a

33、nd dynamic gains from trade should apply in developing countries as in rich ones. This gain from trade logic often arouses suspicion, because the benefits seem to come from nowhere. Surely one side or the other must lose. Not so. The benefits that a rich country gets though trade do not come at the

34、expense of its poor country trading partners, or vice versa. Recall that according to the theory, trade is a positive sum game. In all these transactions, sides exporters and importers, borrowers and lenders, shareholders and workers can gain.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the passage, who may be reason

35、ably afraid of the globalization? A. Workers in rich countries B. Workers in poor countries C. Both of them D. None of them（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The phrase “take an optimistic line on“ in the second paragraph probably means to _. A. take the same side with B. hold the optimistic idea about C. stand a

36、t the same line with D. stand in the opposite line with（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What can be the ultimate result of the inflow of the resources? A. It will supplement domestic savings B. It will loosen the financial constraint C. It will push incomes up D. It will bring technology and skills from abroad（

37、分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following statements is correct? A. A rich country gets benefits through trade at the expense of its poor country trading partners B. A poor country gets benefits through trade at the expense of its rich country trading partners C. In trade one side or the other must

38、 lose because the benefits must come from somewhere. D. In trade it is possible for every part involved winning at the expense of nobody（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which can be the most appropriate title for this passage? A. Benefited or Hurt B. Who Benefits the Most C. Grinding the Poor D. The Inflow of R

39、esources（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、B第二篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Natural Balance Being AlteredThe balance of nature is a very elaborate and delicate system of check and countercheck. It is continually being altered as climates change, as new organisms evolve, as animals or plants spread to new areas. But the al

40、terations have in the past, for the most part, been slow. whereas with the arrival of civilized man, their speed has been multiplied much: from the evolutionary time-scale where change is measured by periods of ten or a hundred thousand years, they have been transferred to the human time-scale in wh

41、ich centuries and even decades count.Everywhere man is altering the balance of nature. He is facilitating the spread of plants and animals into new regions. Sometimes deliberately, sometimes unconsciously. He is covering huge areas with new kinds of plants, or with houses, factories, slagheaps and o

42、ther products of his civilization. He gets rid of some species on a large scale, but favors the multiplication of others. In brief, he has done more in five thousand years to alter the biological aspect of the planet than has nature in five million years.Many of these changes which he has brought ab

43、out have had unforeseen consequences. Who would have thought that the throwing away of a piece of Canadian waterweed would have caused half the waterways of Britain to be blocked for a decade? Or that provision of pot cacti for lonely settlers wives would have led to Eastern Australia being covered

44、with forests of prickly pears?Who would have predicted that the cutting down of forests on the Adriatic coast, or in parts of Central Africa, could have reduced the land to a semi-desert with the very soil washed away from the bare rock? Who would have thought that improved communications would have

45、 changed history by the spreading of disease- sleeping sickness into East Africa, measles into Ocean, AIDS around the whole world?These are spectacular examples, but examples on a smaller scale are everywhere to be found. We made a nature sanctuary for rare birds, providing absolute security for all

46、 species; and we may find that some common and hardy kind of birds multiplies beyond measure and drive away the rare kinds in which we are particularly interested. We see, owing to some little change brought about by civilization, the starting spread over the English countryside in hordes. We improv

47、e the yielding capacities of our cattle; and find that how they exhaust the pastures which were sufficient for less demanding stock. We gaily set about killing the carnivores that disturb our domestic animals, the hawks that eat our fowls and game-birds; and find that in so doing we are also removin

48、g the brake that restrains the multiplication of mice and other little rodents that gnaw away the farmers profits.（分数：15.00）(1).The authors concern with the balance of nature, as evidenced by this passage, is best defined as _. A. intense and objective B. conscientious but humorless C. sincere and subjective D. deep but dry（分数：3.