职称英语理工类A级真题2014年及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语理工类 A 级真题 2014 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、第 1 部分 词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.This was disaster on cosmic scale. （分数：1.00）A.modestB.commercialC.hugeD.national2.New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity. （分数：1.00）A.amazingB.depressingC.predictableD.dull3.A persons wealth is often in

2、inverse proportion to their happiness. （分数：1.00）A.equalB.certainC.largeD.opposite4.His professional career spanned 16 years. （分数：1.00）A.startedB.changedC.lastedD.moved5.The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later. （分数：1.00）A.easedB.improvedC.relievedD.appeared6.The group does no

3、t advocate the use of violence. （分数：1.00）A.limitB.supportC.regulateD.oppose7.She felt that she had done her good deed for the day. （分数：1.00）A.actB.homeworkC.justiceD.model8.Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes. （分数：1.00）A.motionlessB.silentC.seatedD.true9.The

4、re was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject. （分数：1.00）A.pointB.resultC.findingD.tendency10.His stomach felt hollow with fear. （分数：1.00）A.sincereB.respectfulC.emptyD.terrible11.The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation .（分数：1.00）A.copyB.publishC.summ

5、arizeD.furnish12.That uniform makes the guards look absurd. （分数：1.00）A.seriousB.beautifulC.impressiveD.ridiculous13.The department deferred the decision for six months. （分数：1.00）A.put offB.arrived atC.abided byD.protested against14.The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated. （分数：1.00）A.inv

6、entedB.reproducedC.designedD.reported15.The country was torn apart by strife. （分数：1.00）A.conflictB.povertyC.warD.economy二、第 2 部分 阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Experience the World in 3D Game Ever wondered how your cat or dog sees the world? Now you can look through their eyes with the first 3D game that recrea

7、tes the vision of different species based on scientific evidence. The online simulation, created by the French 3D design company Dassault Systmes, with the guidance of veterinary ophthalmologist (眼科专家)Didier Schmidt-Morand, mimics (模仿)the vision of five animals cats dogs, rats, hawks and bees as a p

8、layer steers them through Place Vend?e in Paris. Due to differences in field of view, colour perception and night vision, for example, sight can be drastically different from species to species. “In terms of performance, eyes are as variable as different models of cars,“ says Schmidt-Morand. The gam

9、e was created by using existing virtual models of the square then applying effects based on descriptions of each animals vision. Dassaults 3D software allows a scene to be modified by adding blur or changing the colours, angle of vision and depth of field. Although it was easy to recreate vision inf

10、erior to that of humans cats and dogs, for example, have trouble distinguishing shades of red replicating features that we are unable to see was a challenge. Hawks have more detailed vision than ours, whereas dogs are better at seeing movement and have a wider field of view. “We used virtual cameras

11、 to precisely simulate larger viewing angles but the result made people nauseous(令人作呕的),“ says Schmidt-Morand. “So we tweaked(微调) the model to give a sense of the wider view without sticking to reality.“ The rats view also departs from reality: because they are near-sighted, everything more than 15

12、centimetres away is a blur, so they typically move close to walls to help them navigate. “A rat would never throw itself into the middle of an open area,“ says Schmidt-Morand. The simulation for this animal is supplemented with a map in the top right corner to help determine the rats position: becau

13、se of their limited eyesight, most landmarks are obscured. The game is intended as an educational resource and players can discuss their experience with others through community features on the website. If there is interest from schools and zoos, the team hopes to recreate the vision of more animals

14、. （分数：7.00）(1).The game developed by Dassault Systemes is the first 3D game recreating the vision of different species . （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Dassaults 3Dsoftware takes different perspectives like color perception and angle of vision into account. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not me

15、ntioned(3).The animals views in the software are the same as those in reality . （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Dogs have larger viewing angles than humans. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).It takes the team the longest time to recreate the rats view because theyre near-sighted. （

16、分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The team is working on recreating the vision of more animals.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Schmidt-Morands favorite animal is cat.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分 概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Climate Change：The Long Reach 1 Earth is warmi

17、ng Sea levels are rising. Theres more carbon in the air and Arictic ice is melting faster than at any time in recorded history. Scientists who study the environment to better gauge（评估） Earths future climate now argue that these changes may not reverse for a very long time. 2 People burn fossil fuels

18、 like coal and oil for energy. That burning releases carbon dioxide，a colorless gas. In the air，this gas traps heat at Earths surface. And the more carbon dioxide released，the more the planet warms. If current consumption of fossil fuels doesnt slow，the long-term climate impacts could last thousands

19、 of yearsand be more severe than scientists had been expecting.Climatologist Richard Zeebe of the University of Hawaii at Manoa offers this conclusion in a new paper. 3 Most climate-change studies look at whats going to happen in the next century or so.During that time，changes in the planets environ

20、ment could nudge（推动）global warming even higher.For example：Snow and ice reflect sunlight back into space.But as these melt，sunlight can now reachand warmthe exposed ground.This extra heat raises the air temperature evenmore，causing even more snow to melt.This type of rapid exaggeration of impacts is

21、 called a fast feedback. 4 Zeebe says its important to look at fast feedbacks.However he adds，theyre limited. From a climate change perspective，This century is the most important time for the next few generations，the told Science Nwes.But the world is not ending in 2100.For his new study，Zeebe now f

22、ocuses onslow feedbacks.While fast feedback events unfold over decades or centuries， slow feedbacks can take thousands of years. Melthing of continetal ice sheets and migration of plant lifeas they relocate to more comfortable areasare two examples of slow feedbacks. 5 Zeebe gathered information fro

23、m previously published studies investigating how such processes played out over thousands of years during past dramatic changes in climate.Then he came up with a forecast for the future that accounts for both slow and fast feedback processes.Climate forecasts that use only fast feedbacks predict a 4

24、.5 degree Celsius（8.1 degree Fahrenheit）change by the year 3000.But slow feedbacks added another1.5for a 6total increase, Zeebe reports.He also found that slow feedbacks events will cause global warming to persist for thousands of years after people run out of fossil fuels to burn.（分数：8.00）(1).A. Ri

25、sing of sea levels B. Impact of burning fossil fuels C. Fast feedbacks D. Slow feedbacks E. Unpredictability of feedback processes F.A prediction of future climate change Paragraph 2 _ （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(2).Paragraph 3 _ （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).Paragraph 5 _

26、 （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(5).A. the exposed ground B. a very long time C. the extra heat D. recorded history E. previously published studies F. rapid exaggeration of impacts Arctic ice has never been melting so fast in _. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(6).Melting of snow and ice enables sunlight to reach _. （分数

27、：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(7).Zeebe came up with his future climate prediction by analyzing _. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(8).After fossil fuels are used up, global warming will continue for _.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.四、第 4 部分 阅读理解(总题数：3，分数：45.00)第一篇 The Northern Lights The sun is stormy and has it own kind of weathe

28、r. It is so hot and active that even the Suns gravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check! Energy flows away from the Sun toward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speeds around a million miles per hour. These particles are called plasma, and the stream of plasma coming from

29、 the Sun is called the solar wind. The more active the Sun, the stronger the solar wind. The solar wind constantly streams toward the Earth, but dont worry because a protective magnetic fields surrounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steers the particles

30、 from the Sun to the north and south poles. The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth. When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earths magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and reconnect. The breaking and reconnecting of the

31、 magnetic field lines can cause atomic particles called electrons trapped in the belts to fall into the Earths atmosphere at the poles. As the electrons fall into the Earth, they collide with gas molecules in the atmosphere, creating flashes of light in the sky. Each atmospheric gas glows a differen

32、t color. Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and nitrogen glows violet-purple. As these various colors glow and dance in the night sky, they create the Northern Lights and the Southern Lights. Watching auroras(北极光) is fun and exciting, but normally you can only see them in places far north like

33、Alaska and Canada. The movement of the aurora across the sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate(跳动), flicker(闪烁), or even move like waves. During solar maximum, 5 auroras are seen as far south as Florida, even Mexico!Auroras often seem to be very close t

34、o the ground, but the lowest aurora is still about 100 kilometers above the ground, a distance much higher than clouds are formed or airplanes can fly. A typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometers long, a few hundred kilometers high, but only a few hundred meters thick. We hope you are able

35、to travel to far-north places like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once during your lifetime. We know you will never forget it!（分数：15.00）(1).The solar wind comes into being as a result of _ . （分数：3.00）A.disappearance of the Suns gravity.B.unpredictable weather of the Sun.C.fas

36、t flow of energy away from the Sun.D.a stream of particles being blown away.(2).What happens when solar wind comes to the Earth? （分数：3.00）A.A protective magnetic field is formed at the same time.B.It is trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth.C.It destroys the protective magnetic field surroundin

37、g the Earth.D.It breaks magnetic field lines and does severe damage to the ?(3).The Northern Lights are created when _ . （分数：3.00）A.atomic particles fall to the Earth and collide with atmospheric gases.B.the magnetic field lines fail to reconnect.C.the electrons falling to the Earth shine in differe

38、nt colors.D.oxygen and nitrogen are separated from the atmospheric gases(4).Which of the following statements is true of the Northern Lights? （分数：3.00）A.Their movement is slow enough to be observed with the eyes.B.People cannot see them unless traveling to Alaska or Canada.C.They are very close to t

39、he ground.D.They are very long and thick.(5).What is the authors tone toward the Northern Lights? （分数：3.00）A.IndifferentB.SarcasticC.SharpD.Appreciative第二篇 Eye-tracker Lots You Drag and Drop Files with a Glance Bored of using a mouse? Soon youll be able to change stuff on your computer screen and th

40、en move it directly onto your smartphone or tablet(平板电脑) with nothing more than a glance. A system called EyeDrop uses a head-mounted eye tracker that simultaneously records your field of view so it knows where you are looking on the screen. Gazing at an object a photo, say and then pressing a key,

41、selects that object. It can then be moved from the screen to a tablet or smartphone just by glancing at the second device, as long as the two are connected wirelessly. “The beauty of using gaze to support this is that our eyes naturally focus on content that we want to acquire,“ says Jayson Turner,

42、who developed the system with colleagues at Lancaster University, UK. Turner believes EyeDrop would be useful to transfer an interactive map or contact information from a public display to your smartphone or for sharing photos. A button needs to be used to select the object you are looking at otherw

43、ise you end up with the “Midas touch“(点石成金) effect, whereby everything you look at gets selected by your gaze, says Turner. “Imagine if your mouse clicked on everything it pointed at,“ he says. Christian Holz, a researcher in human-computer interaction at Yahoo Labs in Sunnyvale, California, says th

44、e system is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem of using gaze-tracking to interact. “EyeDrop solves this in a slick (灵巧的)way by combining it with input on the touch devices we carry with us most of the time anyway and using touch input as a clutching mechanism,“ he says. “This now

45、allows users to seamlessly(无缝地) interact across devices far and close in a very natural manner.“ While current eye-trackers are rather bulky, mainstream consumer devices are not too far away. Swedish firm Tobii is developing gaze-tracking technology that can be installed in laptops and tablets and i

46、s expected to be available to buy next year. And the Google Glass headset is expected to include eye-tracking in the future. Turner says he has also looked at how content can be cut and pasted or drag-and-dropped using a mix of gaze and taps on a touchscreen. The system was presented at the Conferen

47、ce on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia in Sweden, last week. （分数：15.00）(1).The eye-tracker technology enables us to _ .（分数：3.00）A.change our computer screen.B.focus on anything that interests us.C.get a smartphone connected wirelessly.D.move an object from screen with a glance.(2).Why is a button ne

48、eded? （分数：3.00）A.To minimize the cost of EyeDrop.B.To choose as many objects as possible.C.To make EyeDrop different from others.D.To select what we want.(3).The word this in Paragraph 6 refers to _ .（分数：3.00）A.application of gaze-tracking in human-computer interaction.B.interaction between human an

49、d computer.C.combination of gaze-tracking with input on touch devices.D.generalization of EyeDrop system.(4).Which of the following statement is true of eye-trackers for consumer devices. （分数：3.00）A.They are costly.B.They are available.C.They are installed in Google Glass headset.D.They are expected to come out soon.(5).What is Turner likely to study next? （分数：3.00）A.How to drag and drop with gaze and taps.B.How to present the system