职称英语理工类A级真题2012年及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语理工类 A级真题 2012年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、词汇选项：(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.We almost ran into a Rolls-Royce that pulled out in front of us withoutsignaling. （分数：1.00）A.overtookB.hitC.passedD.found2.He shifted his position a little, in order to alleviate the pain in hisleg. （分数：1.00）A.controlB.easeC.exp

2、erienceD.suffer3.Our aim was to update the health service, and we succeeded. （分数：1.00）A.offerB.provideC.fundD.modernize4.Every week the magazine presents the profile of a well-known sportspersonality. （分数：1.00）A.descriptionB.successC.evidenceD.plan5.All the flats in the building had the same layout.

3、 （分数：1.00）A.colorB.sizeC.functionD.arrangement6.Newborn babies can discriminate between a mans and a womans voice. （分数：1.00）A.treatB.expressC.distinguishD.analyze7.The weather was crisp and clear and you could see the mountains fiftymiles away. （分数：1.00）A.hotB.heavyC.freshD.windy8.Nothing would indu

4、ce me to vote for him again. （分数：1.00）A.teachB.helpC.attractD.discourage9.When I heard the noise in the next room, I couldnt resist have a peep. （分数：1.00）A.chanceB.lookC.visitD.try10.Her comments about men are utterly ridiculous. （分数：1.00）A.slightlyB.partlyC.faintlyD.completely11.He was weary of the

5、 constant battle between them. （分数：1.00）A.fondB.proudC.tiredD.afraid12.She moves from one exotic location to another. （分数：1.00）A.unusualB.familiarC.similarD.proper13.He has been granted asylum in France. （分数：1.00）A.protectionB.powerC.reliefD.license14.The photographs evoked memories of our （分数：1.00）

6、A.storedB.blockedC.erasedD.refreshed15.The walls are made of hollow concrete blocks. （分数：1.00）A.emptyB.bigC.longD.new二、阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Europaswatery underworld Europa, one of Jupiters 63 known moons,looks bright and icy on the surface. But appearances can be deceiving: Mileswithin its cracked, fr

7、igid shell, Europa probably hides giant pools of liquidwater. Where scientists find liquid water, they hope to find life as well. Since we cant go diving into Europasdepths just yet, scientists instead have to investigate the moons surface forclues to what lies beneath. In a new study, scientists in

8、vestigated one groupof strange ice patterns on Europa and concluded that the formations mark thetop of an underground pool that holds as much water as the U.S. Great Lakes. Pictures of Europa, which is slightlysmaller than Earths moon, clearly show a tangled, icy mishmash of lines andcracks known as

9、 “chaos terrains.” These chaotic places cover more than half ofEuropa. For more than 10 years, scientists have wondered what causes theformations. The new study suggests that they arise from the mixing of vastunderground stores of liquid water with icy material near the surface. For scientists who s

10、uspect that Europaalso may be hiding life beneath its icy surface, the news about the new lake isexciting. “It would be great if these lakesharbored life,” Britney Schmidt, a planetary scientist who worked on the study,told Science News. “But even if they didnt, they say that Europa is doingsomethin

11、g interesting and active right now.” Schmidt, a scientist at the University of Texas at Austin, and her colleagueswanted to know how chaos terrains form. Since they couldnt rocket to Europa tosee for themselves, they searched for similar formations here on Earth. Theystudied collapsed ice shelves in

12、 Antarctica and icy caps on volcanoes in Iceland. Thosefeatures on Earth formed when liquid water mixed with ice. The scientists nowsuspect something similar might be happening on Europa: that as water and iceof different temperatures mingle and shift, the surface fractures. This wouldexplain the ju

13、mbled ice sculptures. “Fracturing catastrophically disruptsthe ice in the same way that it causes ice shelves to collapse on Earth,”Schmidt told Science News. She and her team found that the process could becausing chaos terrains to form quickly on Europa. The new study suggests that on thismoon, el

14、ements such as oxygen from the surface blend with the deep bodies ofwater. That mixture may create an environment that supports life. （分数：7.00）(1).The liquid water of an underground pool of Europa is estimated xxxxx of the US Greatlakes. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mention(2).The strange ice patter

15、ns on Europa are formed as a result of a xxxxx undergroundwater pool. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mention(3).Europa is the most recently discovered one among Jupiters （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Notmention(4).The size of Europa is a bit larger than that of Earths moon. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not men

16、tion(5).Schmidt and her colleagues are the first group of scientists xxxxx Europa. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mention(6).The formations on Europas surface are rather unique in the （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mention(7).The existence of liquid water is a necessity for a life-support （分数：1.00）A.Rig

17、htB.WrongC.Not mention三、概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Learnabout Noble Gases（惰性气体） 1 Have you ever ridden on a balloon? Many tourist spots offer balloon rides inorder for people to see the beauty of a place from above. A balloon contains anoble gas called helium(氦). Formerly, balloons contained hydrogenbu

18、t hydrogen is very flammable and dangerous when uncontrolled. Therefore, peopleshifted to helium, which is safer. Helium is safe because it has the propertiesof the noble gases. 2 People once believed that noble gases couldnt chemically react at all. Forthis reason, they were called inert gases(惰性气体

19、). They werealso listed under Group 0 in theold periodic table because scientists believed that the gases have zero valence(价)electrons in their outer shell. This was later proven to be untrue when somenoble gas compounds were discovered. 3 Thegases are elements, which share similar properties. Thes

20、e properties includebeing monoatomic, colorless, odorless, being able to conduct electricity, andhaving low chemical reactivity. Noble gases include Helium, Neon, Argon,Krypton, Xenon and Radon. These are all found in Group 18, in the rightmostcolumn of the periodic table. If you look at the periodi

21、c table, you willnotice that these elements are the only ones, which do not have a charge.Helium has the lowest molecular(分子的) weight whileRadon is the heaviest. 4 Remember that chemical reactions occurbecause atoms have valence electrons, which are electrons in their outer shell.When the outer shel

22、l is “unfilled” or the required number of electrons is notyet complete, the atom is more reactive. Noble gases have a full outer shell,meaning that they have complete electrons in their outer shell. This completenumber varies. For instance, the outer shell of Helium has 2 valence electronswhile the

23、outer shell of Xenon has 8 electrons. Nowadays, there remains to be afew noble gases because of the low chemical reactivity of these said gases. 5because of their properties, noble gases have many importantapplications. They are widely used in medicine and industries. For instance,liquid Helium is u

24、sed for superconducting magnets(磁体).These magnets are very important in physics and medicine. When a doctorsuspects that a persons brain has been damaged, he might request for MagneticResonance Imaging(MRI). MRI allows the doctor to “see” the brain, withoutoperating on the patient. 23.paragraph 2_ _

25、 24.paragraph 3_ 25.paragraph 4_ 26.paragraph 5_ A. what is theperiodic table? B. What are noblegases？ C. What causes the lowchemical reactivity of noble gases? D. How were noblegases discovered? E. How were noblegases understood in the past? F. what are theapplications of noble gases? 27.Noble gase

26、s are not very chemically 28.Among the elements of noble gases Helium is the 29.The required number of electrons in noble gases outer shell is 30.MRI may make operating on the patient A. reactive B. lightest C. important D. complete E. flammable F. unnecessary （分数：8.00）A.B.C.D.E.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.

27、C.D.E.F.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.E.F.四、阅读理解(总题数：3，分数：45.00)第一篇 Gross NationalHappiness In the last century, new technologyimproved the lives of many people in many countries. However, one countryresisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained se

28、parate. Its people andBuddhist(佛教)culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan,however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its peoplecould not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972,a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchu

29、ck decided to help Bhutan tobecome modern, but without losing its traditions. King Wangchuck looked at other countriesfor ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their GrossNational Product (GNP). The GNP measures products and money. When the number ofproducts sold increases, pe

30、ople say the country is making progress. KingWangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure hiscountrys progress by peoples happiness. If the peoples happiness increased,the king could say that Bhutanwas making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measurecalled G

31、ross National Happiness (GNH). GNH is based on certain principles thatcreate happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, andjobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. Theyare happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Fina

32、lly,people are happier when they have a good, stable government. Now there is some evidence of increasedGNH in Bhutan.People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated andemployed. Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and thecountry has almost no pollution. T

33、he Bhutanese continue to wear theirtraditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has alsobecome a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Althoughthe country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year.Bhutanhad political parties

34、and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan hasconnected to the rest of the world through television and internet. Bhutanis a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutans GNH.These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. Theywant

35、to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land. Brazilmay be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see theprinciples of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with adiverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progres

36、s in Brazil, perhapsthe rest of the world will follow. （分数：15.00）(1).Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck? （分数：3.00）A.Apresident.B.A Buddhistpriest.C.A king.D.A general.(2).Apart from modernizing Bhutan,what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan? （分数：3.00）A.To make itspopulation grow.B.To keep itsepara

37、te from the world.C.To keep its traditions and customs.D.To encourageits people to get rich.(3).A country shows its progress with GNP by （分数：3.00）A.selling more products.B.spending moremoney.C.spending lessmoney.D.providingmore jobs.(4).According to GNH, people are happier if they （分数：3.00）A.have ne

38、wtechnology.B.have a good, stable government.C.can changetheir religion.D.have moremoney.(5).Today many countries are （分数：3.00）A.using theprinciples of GNH to measure their progress.B.workingtogether to develop a common scale to measure GNH.C.taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for socialprogre

39、ss.D.trying to find their own ways tomeasure happiness.第二篇 DownloadKnowledge Directly to Your Brain For the first time, researchers havebeen able to hack into the process of learning in the brain, using inducedbrain patterns to create a learned behavior. Its not quite as advanced as aninstant kung-f

40、u download, and its not as sleek as cognitive inception, butits still an important finding that could lead to new teaching andrehabilitation techniques. Future therapies could decode the brainactivity patterns of an athlete or a musician, and use them as a benchmark forteaching another person a new

41、activity, according to the researchers. Scientists from BostonUniversity and ATR ComputationalNeuroscience Laboratories in Kyotoused functional magnetic resonance imaging, or fMRI, to study the learningprocess. They were examining the adult brains aptitude for visual perceptuallearning, or VPL, in w

42、hich repetitive training improves a persons performanceon a particular task. Whether adults can do this as well as young people hasbeen an ongoing debate in neuroscience. Led by BU neuroscientist Takeo Watanabe,researchers used a method called decoded fMRI neurofeedback to stimulate thevisual cortex

43、. First they showed participants circles at differentorientations. Then they used fMRI to watch the participants brain activity.The researchers were then able to train the participants to recreate thisvisual cortex activity. The volunteers were again placed in MRImachines and asked to visualize shap

44、es of certain colors. The participants wereasked to “somehow regulate activity in the posterior part of the brain” to makea solid green disc as large as they could. They were told they would get a paidbonus proportional to the size of this disc, but they werent told anythingabout what the disc meant

45、. The researchers watched the participants brainactivity and monitored the activation patterns in their visual cortices. “Participants can be trained to control theoverall mean activation of an entire brain region,” the study authors write,“or the activation in one region relative to that in another

46、 region.” This worked even when test subjects werenot aware of what they were learning, the researchers said. “The most surprising thing in this study isthat mere inductions of neural activation patterns corresponding to a specificvisual feature led to visual performance improvement on the visual fe

47、ature,without presenting the feature or subjects awareness of what was to be learned,”Watanabe said in a statement. Watanabe and colleagues said this methodcan be a powerful tool. “It can incept a person to acquire newlearning, skills, or memory, or possibly to restore skills or knowledge thathas be

48、en damaged through accident, disease, or aging, without a personsawareness of what is learned or memorized,” they write. （分数：15.00）(1).what have researchers been ableto do with the help of the study? （分数：3.00）A.Discover apersons learning process in the brain.B.Make a person know how to do something

49、without learning.C.Set up different learning patterns for different people.D.Enable people to learn kung fu instantly.(2). what helps aperson to do a particular task better in visual perceptual learning? （分数：3.00）A.TestingB.EncouragementC.Self- assessmentD.Repetition(3).which of thefollowing statements is true of the experiment participants? （分数：3.00）A.They learned how to control MRL machines in the experimentB.They werenot told what to be learned in the experimentC.They were paid to take p