职称英语理工类A级真题2008年及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语理工类 A级真题 2008年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.With immense relief, I stopped running.（分数：1.00）A.someB.enormousC.littleD.extensive2.The scientists began to accumulate data.（分数：1.00）A.collectB.handleC.analyzeD.investigate3.Jack eventually overtook the last truck.（分数：1.

2、00）A.hitB.passedC.reachedD.led4.Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance.（分数：1.00）A.possibleB.profitableC.easyD.wise5.The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle.（分数：1.00）A.factB.mysteryC.statementD.game6.That guy is really witty.（分数：1.00）A.smartB.uglyC.honorableD.popular7.The

3、world champion suffered a sensational defeat.（分数：1.00）A.reasonableB.dramaticC.humiliatingD.horrifying8.It seems that only Mary is eligible for the job.（分数：1.00）A.preparedB.trainedC.qualifiedD.guided9.This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a town in the South.（分数：1.00）A.praisesB.writesC.imitatesD

4、.describes10.The meaning is still obscure.（分数：1.00）A.vagueB.transparentC.alienD.significant11.Dumped waste might contaminate water supplies.（分数：1.00）A.destroyB.decreaseC.delayD.pollute12.One theory postulates that the ancient Filipinos came from India and Persia.（分数：1.00）A.assumesB.expectsC.predicts

5、D.considers13.It is very difficult for a child to adhere to rules.（分数：1.00）A.rememberB.followC.understandD.learn14.I hope that I didnt do anything absurd last night.（分数：1.00）A.awkwardB.strangeC.stupidD.awful15.There should be laws that prohibit smoking around children.（分数：1.00）A.forbidB.advocateC.in

6、heritD.withdraw二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。BGreen Roof Research/BThe concept of green roofs is basically about growing plants on roofs, thus helping to replace the green footprint that had been destroyed due

7、 to the construction of the building. Green roofs are the most prevalent (流行) in Germany, which is widely regarded as the leader in green roof research.The green roofs that are used these days can be classified as extensive and intensive systems. Extensive green roofs use mosses, grasses and herbs,

8、which are tolerant to droughts. These plants do not need much maintenance, can be grown in a layer of. substrata (土层) that can be as shallow as 1.5 inches, and generally are inaccessible to the public. In contrast, a wide range of species of plants are grown on intensive green roofs, such as shrubs

9、(灌木) and even trees, which require deeper substrate layers, and are usually grown on flat roofs. They need intensive maintenance, and are usually areas that resemble parks which are accessible to people.There are several benefits of adopting green roof technologies. Apart from the obvious psychologi

10、cal and aesthetic (美学的) benefits of garden-like environments surrounding you, some of the common economic and ecological benefits are.- a reduction in the consumption of energy; air and water purification; recovering green spaces; and the mitigation (缓解) of the heat island effect in urban areas.The

11、green roof research that is currently ongoing is focused on evaluating the species of plants that are suitable to be grown on roofs, the methods of propagation (繁殖) as well as establishment, nutrient (养料) and water requirement, substrates, and the quantity and quality of water runoff. The evaluation

12、 criteria of plant species are: at what rate they can be established; their capacity to withstand invasive weeds; tolerance of cold, and heat; tolerance of drought conditions; capacity of persistence and survival.A number of experiments are being conducted on roof platform simulations at various res

13、earch centers. These sites are generally outfitted with equipment, which are used to measure temperatures at different depths of the growing substrates, and the rate and volume of the runoff of stormwaters from each of the platforms.Green roof technology is representative of a completely new market

14、for landscape contractors, and all roofs that currently exist and the future ones to be constructed are the potential market - a market that is too huge to be overlooked.（分数：7.00）(1).It is estimated that around 10 percent of the flat roofs in Germany are green.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentione

15、d(2).German people prefer extensive green roof systems to intensive ones.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(3).Small plants like grasses and herbs are grown widely on intensive green roofs.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(4).Green roof is an ecologically sound strategy of spreading gre

16、en in urban areas.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(5).One of the benefits of green roofs is the reduction of the heat island effect in cities.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(6).One focus in the green roof research is the evaluation of suitable plant species.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong

17、C.Not mentioned(7).Although green roof technology can create a garden-like environment, its potential market is rather small.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)下面的短文后有 2项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 25 段每段选择 1个最佳标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定 1个最佳选项。BThe Su

18、percomputer Network/B1 Recently, ten laboratories run by governments in different parts of the world have become linked. Their Computers have been connected so they can “talk“ to each other. This may not seem very dramatic news, but it is the beginning of a development that will increase the power o

19、f the Internet tremendously.2 The Internet is an interconnected (互联) system of networks that connects computers round the world and facilitates the transmission and exchange of information. The way that you use the Internet is by accessing this network. This depends on the power that your system all

20、ows you to use. The power of your computer is responsible for how fast you can download (下载) files, how much data you can store, etc. If your computer is old and slow, accessing the information can be very difficult.3 The new development in information technology has been called “the grid“ (网格持术), a

21、nd it will be a network of computers that are linked together. The “grid will work in a different way from the Internet, enabling you to get the power of the biggest computers in the world on your computer. Accessing the information will no longer depend on the power of your computer. The idea is th

22、at while you access information, you will also have access to the power of the bigger computer stations.4 One advantage of this revolutionary idea is that geographical location will become irrelevant. The “grid“ will decide which are the best parts of a worldwide network to do the job you want. This

23、 means that you may be accessing a computer in Japan to solve a problem in Alaska.5 The “grid“ can be compared to having an efficient personal assistant. You can give your assistant a task and “he“ will do it for you. The assistant will do the preliminary research, collect the data, compare them and

24、 decide on the best course of action by accessing any of the computer centres in the “grid“ that happen to have the relevant information. All you have to do is assign the task, sit back and wait.6 At present, possible applications of the “grid“ in scientific research are being explored. While it has

25、 taken about fifteen years for Internet use to become widespread, experts believe that the “grid“ could be up and running for private individuals far more quickly. Scientists working on “grid“ projects are convinced that it will be as widely used as the web in the next ten years.A. How does the “gri

26、d“ work?B. Power sharedC. Just make a requestD. Limitations of present Internet useE. Distance is not a problem F. A new era for the Internet（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).A. the bigger

27、computer stations B. the advantage C. ten years D. information E. your personal assistant F. fifteen years 27. Traditionally the power of your computer determines how fast you can access _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).The “grid“ will enable you to get on your computer the power of _ in the wodd.（分数：1.00）填空项

28、1:_(7).The “grid“ would be like _, who can perform your tasks efficiently.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).It is believed that the widespread use of the “grid“ will become possible in the next _. （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3篇短文，每篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定 1个最佳选项。B第一篇/BCenters of the Great Eu

29、ropean CitiesThe centers of the great cities of Europe are meeting places by tradition. People gather there to drink coffee and chat late into the night. A mixture of locals and tourists make for an exciting, metropolitan atmosphere.Squares, plazas (广场) and arcades (拱廊) form the heart of Europes cit

30、ies.Venice in Italy has the Piazza San Marco - a beautiful square surrounded by shops, churches, restaurants and cafes. In Barcelona, Spain, La Bosqueria is a lively market with hundreds of stalls selling all kinds of goods. Londons Covent Garden is filled with fruit and vegetable stalls by day and

31、musicians, acrobats (杂质演员) and artists by night. The government buildings at the center of many cities often are architecturally impressive. In London, they serve as a beautiful backdrop (背景) to the coffee tables that line the streets and the banks of the Thames.These vibrant (有活力的) hearts are the p

32、roduct of centuries of evolution, social historian Joel Garreau told US News and World Report recently. “The reason people think Venice is so great today is you dont see all the mistakes,“ said Garreau. “Those have all been removed.“ Most European cities were laid out before the invention of the car

33、, so bars, restaurants and cafes were near to peoples homes. Today, the focus of many Europeans life has moved away from the centers. They live in the suburbs and outskirts, driving to supermarkets to get their supplies. But on a continent where people treasure convention, there are still those who

34、hold onto traditional ways, living and shopping locally. These people, together with tourists, provide the city centers with their reason for existence.Coffee culture plays a part in keeping these city centers flourishing. This is particularly true of Pads whose citizens are famous enthusiastic conv

35、ersationalists. This skill is developed over many hours spent chatting over espressos (浓咖啡) and cigarettes.Religion also plays a role in developing sociable atmosphere. People in Roman Catholic countries used to visit the Church on an almost daily basis. Entire communities would gather in the same b

36、uilding and then move out to the markets, cafes and bars in the surrounding streets. An enormous example of this relationship between church and society is the Duomo. The huge marble cathedral in Florence, Italy is surrounded by bakeries and coffee shops, and caters not only to the tourist crowds, b

37、ut also the local community.（分数：15.00）(1).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that each big city in Europe（分数：3.00）A.has many large squaresB.has many very magnificent sky-scrapersC.draws tourists in large numbers every yearD.has a center where tourists meet their spouses(2).Which statement i

38、s NOT true of Covent Garden?（分数：3.00）A.It is crowded with peopleB.It is located in LondonC.It is filled with stallsD.It is surrounded by shops, churches, restaurants and cafes(3).Why do people think that Venice is so great?（分数：3.00）A.Because it is a famous tourist attractionB.Because you can reach a

39、nywhere by boatC.Because it is well-known for its merchantsD.Because all the mistakes have been removed(4).What are Parisians famous for?（分数：3.00）A.Their pursuit of independenceB.Their enthusiasm for conversationC.Their ability to keep the city flourishingD.Their devotion to developing a multiple cu

40、lture(5).The writer cites the Duomo in the last paragraph as an example to illustrate that（分数：3.00）A.there is a tight link between church and societyB.all churches are magnificentC.old churches are very popularD.high-rise churches are impressiveB第二篇/BBReal-World Robots/BWhen you think of a robot, do

41、 you imagine a shiny, metallic device having the same general shape as a human being, performing humanlike functions, and responding to your questions in a monotone (单调的) voice accentuated (强调) by high-pitched tones and beeps? This is the way many of us imagine a robot, but in the real world a robot

42、 is not humanoid at all. Instead a robot often is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficiently carries out repetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by humans. Todays robot is more than an automatic machine that performs one task again and again. A modern robot is programmed with varyi

43、ng degrees of artificial intelligence, that is, a robot contains a computer program that tells it how to perform tasks associated With human intelligence, such as reasoning, drawing conclusions, and learning from past experience.A robot does not possess a human shape for the simple reason that a two

44、-legged robot has great difficulty remaining balanced. A robot does, however, move from place to place on wheels and axles (轮轴) that roll and rotate. A robot even has limbs that turn round and move in combination with joints and motors. To find its way in its surroundings, a robot utilizes various b

45、uilt-in sensors. Antennae attached to the robots base detect anything they bump into. If the robot starts to shake as it moves on an incline, a gyroscope (陀螺仪) inside it senses the vertical differential. To determine its distance from an object and how quickly it will reach the object, the robot bou

46、nces beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions (障碍物) in its path. These and other sensors constantly feed information to the computer, which then analyzes the information and corrects or adjusts the robots actions. As science and technology advance, the robot too will progress

47、 in its functions and use of artificial intelligence programs.（分数：15.00）(1).The writer begins the passage by comparing（分数：3.00）A.the shape of a human being with a boxB.a real-life robot with a fictional robotC.an imaginary machine with a humanD.a robot with a computer program(2).The word “humanoid“

48、in paragraph I means（分数：3.00）A.lacking human feelingsB.lacking human characteristicsC.lacking human intelligenceD.having a human form and characteristics(3).According to the first paragraph, artificial intelligence is（分数：3.00）A.the unnatural way in which robots moveB.a voiceless, box-shaped machine

49、that performs repetitive tasksC.a sensor that detects troubles in a robotD.a computer program that imitates human intellectual processes(4).The last paragraph suggests that future robots will（分数：3.00）A.be more humanlike in behavior and actionB.surpass human beings in intelligenceC.use a laser to transmit informationD.will perform v