职称英语卫生类B级-7及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语卫生类 B 级-7 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Defects in a system of education should be improved gradually.（分数：1.00）A.ImperfectionB.DeformityC.CustomaryD.Communication2.People who do not sleep enough tend to become irritable.（分数：1.00）A.easily annoyedB.illC.wearyD.stiff

2、 and sore3.He stretched the net from one side of the river to the other so that it hung down into the water.（分数：1.00）A.straightenedB.prolongedC.ever-lastedD.spread out4.The germs of influenza can only exist in an acid condition.（分数：1.00）A.bacterium.B.moldC.bacteriaD.medium5.Its convenient to take bu

3、s since buses leave at short intervals.（分数：1.00）A.rapidlyB.frequentlyC.soonD.satisfactorily6.A ship was reported to be in distress a few miles out at sea.（分数：1.00）A.dangerB.formationC.serviceD.develop7.No one knew whether this expressed acceptance of his fate or joy at his deliverance.（分数：1.00）A.des

4、tinyB.doomC.destinationD.detest8.Everyday Tom had nothing to do but pass away time.（分数：1.00）A.catch up withB.wasteC.killD.save9.This kind of animal became extinct about 500 years ago.（分数：1.00）A.exactB.unfrequentedC.no longer existingD.tender10.The residents in this area are mostly rich enough to aff

5、ord this kind of products.（分数：1.00）A.inhabitantsB.citizensC.civilD.urban people11.During the 1800s and early 1900s, new academic disciplines such as chemistry and physics made great headway.（分数：1.00）A.sacrificeB.forefrontC.preconceptionsD.progress12.The boy felt frustrated when he found he had diffi

6、culty with most of the maths problems.（分数：1.00）A.proud of himselfB.discouragedC.scaredD.encouraged13.Steel is an alloy composed primarily of iron and carbon.（分数：1.00）A.traditionallyB.ironicallyC.carefullyD.principally14.Everything cooperated to make our journey a success.（分数：1.00）A.contradictedB.wor

7、ked togetherC.brought inD.got out15.It was stated by the railway board that the cost of rail fares would be increased by ten per cent.（分数：1.00）A.woodB.committeeC.lumberD.trunk二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选

8、择C。Because headaches are a part of almost all of our lives, people with chronic headaches sometimes dont realize that they may need to see a doctor. They tend to believe, incorrectly, that their headaches are like everyone elses and they will only be “bothering(打扰，麻烦)“ the doctor.“When should somebo

9、dy seek medical help for headaches? neurologist Seymour Diamond asks rhetorically (提出问题进行探讨). Generally, whenever headaches are associated with neurological signs, such as dizziness(头昏，头晕), weakness in a limb or limbs, vision impairment of any sortincluding seeing flashing lightsthey warrant(应受) imm

10、ediate attention. Additionally, Diamond says that you should seek medical attention:If you suffer from almost daily headaches;If the headache is a type youve never had before, or there has been a change in the character(特征) of the headache;If youre losing time from work or activities, or otherwise b

11、eing prevented from functioning.Even if your headaches are less dramatic than those described here, if they are a re- al problem to you, you should seek help. It may be that your doctor will be unable to find a physical cause for your discomfort, but that may point you in other directions to find re

12、lief. Some headaches, particularly those caused by tension, have a major psycho- logical component that might be relieved through counseling (走向，指导).（分数：7.00）(1).People with chronic headaches never realize that they need to see a doctor.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Headaches

13、have become increasingly difficult to treat.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).They tend to believe that they will not be welcomed by the doctor if they go to see him.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).Headaches are never associated with dizziness and weakness in

14、a limb or limbs.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).If you suffer from almost daily headaches, you should seek medical attention.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).If there is a change in the character of the headache, you should not go to see a doctor.（分数：1.00）A.A

15、. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).Any drug that combats the headaches is a great step forward.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为规定段每段选择1 个正确的小标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。Antibiot

16、ics are drugs produced by certain microbes. Antibiotic substances are obtained from bacteria and fungi that live in the air, soil, and water. Most antibiotics are used by physicians to fight various diseases caused by harmful microbes. A few are used to treat certain cancers. Antibiotics are sometim

17、es called“ wonder drugs because they can cure many diseases that once were often fatal. The number of deaths that are caused by pneumonia and scarlet fever has declined drastically since people began using antibiotics.2. There are more than 70 clinically useful antibiotics, Antibiotics fight pathoge

18、nic microbes and cancer cells by interfering with their normal cell processes. In most cases, this interference can occur in one of three ways: prevention of cell wall formation, disruption of the cell membrane, and disruption of chemical processes.3. The contents of bacterial cells are enclosed in

19、a membrane that is surrounded by a rigid wall that prevents the cells from splitting open. Penicillins and some other antibiotics destroy pathogenic microbes by hindering the formation of this wall. Human cells do not have nor need rigid cell walls and so are not damaged by these antibiotics.4. Some

20、 antibiotics, including nystatin, disrupt the cell membrane of certain microbes. This membrane controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell. If the membrane is disrupted, vital nutrients may escape from the cell, or poisonous substances may enter and kill the cell. But the membranes of

21、human cells are not affected because these antibiotics disrupt cell membranes that contain elements found only in microbial cells.5. All cells produce proteins and nucleic acids, which are vital to the life of any organism. Some antibiotics fight disease by interfering with the chemical processes by

22、 which these substances are produced. For example, streptomycin prevent certain kinds of microbes from producing proteins, and rifampin interferes with the formation of nucleic acids. Human cells produce proteins and nucleic acids in much the same way that microbial cells do. But these processes dif

23、fer enough so that some antibiotics interfere with chemical activities in microbial cells but not in human cells.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2_。（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3_。（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4_。（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5_。（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Antibiotics cure diseases that used to be

24、incurable, so they are sometimes called（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).The number of people who died from pneumonia and scarlet fever has declined since（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).The membranes of human cells can not be disrupted because （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).All cells produce proteins and nucleic acids which are（分数：1.00

25、）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每题后面有 4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案。B第一篇/BA study that will cost $ 3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000 U. S. children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January, U. S. hea

26、lth officials said on Friday.Officials from the U. S. governments National Institutes of Health said they hope the study, to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States, can help identify early-life influences that affect later development, with the goal of learning new ways to treat

27、or prevent illness.The study will examine hereditary and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals that affect health.Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air, wate

28、r, dust and materials used to construct their residences, the NIH said.Officials said more than $ 200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $ 3.2 billion.“We anticipate that in the long term, what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nations

29、 health care costs,“ Dr. Duane Alexander, who heads the NIH s Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, told reporters.The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up preg

30、nant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.Some of the early findings will be about factors behind pre-term birth, which has become more common in recent years, according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH, who heads the study.The people taking part will be from rural, urban and suburban a

31、reas, from all in- come and educational levels and from all racial groups, the NIH said.（分数：15.00）(1).The aim of the study is to find new ways to_.（分数：3.00）A.conduct researchB.track public healthC.prevent or treat illnessD.speed up development(2).Researchers will collect all the following EXCEPT_.（分

32、数：3.00）A.genetic samples from people in the studyB.biological samples from people in the studyC.samples from the homes of the women and their babiesD.samples of air and water from hospitals(3).It is expected that through the study the nations health care costs_.（分数：3.00）A.will be lowered in the long

33、 runB.will be significantly increasedC.will be more than $ 200 millionD.will reach $ 3.2 billion(4).The babies of the participants will be followed_.（分数：3.00）A.throughout their livesB.for more than two decadesC.from birth to 21 monthsD.until they get married(5).Which is NOT true of the people in the

34、 study?（分数：3.00）A.Theyll be from various areas.B.They 11 be from all income levels.C.Theyll be from all educational levels.D.Theyll be from all age groups.B第二篇/BSpeech therapists divide their cases into common and complex. An example of a complex case is a person suffering from aphasia. This is the

35、loss of the ability to under- stand and/or use speech. There are many causes of aphasia, including partial brain dam- age that leaves the individual with the physical ability to speak. If the individual is able to speak but does not, the therapist must determine the cause of such conduct. Often, spe

36、ech therapists determine that problems are emotional and refer the individuals with such problems to psychologists or psychiatrists trained to help them.While a speech therapist is not trained to help persons with severe emotional disorders, the therapist does receive extensive training in such area

37、s as anatomy(as it relates to speech, concentrating on the diaphragm, tongue, and palate), physics(particularly relating to sound), and language and communications. Some therapists take classes in elementary psychology as well.The speech therapist must be able to diagnose the type and severity of th

38、e speech defect, then prescribe a series of treatments. While some people with severe handicaps receive individual instruction, most patients are comfortable receiving group therapy with others who have the same problem. If a patient is found to have a physical handicap that is impeding his progress

39、, he is sent to a doctor with whom the therapist works closely.Many therapists have a high success rate with their patients. No scientific studies have yet shown whether the intervention of the therapist was in fact the sole cause of the improvement of the patients, or whether time and maturity help

40、ed as well. A recent study has shown that persons who have not received speech therapy have often been “cured of their problems merely by being around others without the problem. However, that same study showed that those few persons who were not treated by therapists had extremely low self-esteem a

41、nd considered themselves “ different“ and “retarded“. The therapists often are able to make the patients see that while they are different, the difference is not of their own making, that they have not done something wrong. Therapists try to reach children when they are very young, before they have

42、had an opportunity to be teased by other children or made to feel they are “stupid“. Therapists often work with whole families, encouraging the parents and siblings to listen to the patients, taking the time to help them feel they are an important part of the family, not just brushing them off becau

43、se the effort of interpreting their speech is too great or time-consuming.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following is not listed as a function of the speech therapist?（分数：3.00）A.To diagnose the nature and severity of the defect.B.To determine the cause of aphasia in children who are physically capable o

44、f speech.C.To give emotional support to a child, showing her that the defect is not fault of her own.D.To prescribe medication that will help the patient relax and use her speech muscles properly.(2).Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?（分数：3.00）A.Causes and Cures of Speec

45、h DefectsB.Training Requirements for Speech TherapistsC.The Duties of Speech TherapistsD.The History of Speech Therapy(3).From the passage, you may infer that group therapy is given to the majority of people because_.（分数：3.00）A.it is cheaperB.it is less time-consumingC.it helps the patients feel the

46、y are not alone with their speech defectsD.it helps the patients learn from the others(4).You may infer that the author feels that one of the primary benefits of speech therapy is that it_.（分数：3.00）A.cures the patients defectB.teaches the patient to live with the defectC.makes the public aware of th

47、e need for medical researchD.helps the patient keep his self-respect(5).The passage states which of the following about aphasia?（分数：3.00）A.It is symptomatic of mental retardation.B.It is often found in very young children.C.It is caused by physical damage to the brain, making the patient unable to s

48、peak.D.It is a complex speech defect.B第三篇/BIn most sectors of the economy, it is the seller who attempts to attract a potential buyer with various inducements of price, quality and utility, and it is the buyer who makes the decision. In the health care industry, however, the doctor-patient relation-

49、 ship is the mirror image of the ordinary relationship between producer and consumer. Once an individual has chosen to see a physician, the physician usually makes all significant purchasing decisions: whether the patient should return “nest Wednesday“ whether X-rays are needed, whether drugs should be prescribed, etc.This is particular