职称英语卫生类B级-56及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语卫生类 B级-56 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.It is difficult to Uassess/U the importance of the decision. A. evaluate B. comment C. discuss D. report（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.You must try to wipe out the memory of these Uhorrible/U events. A. strange B. terrible C. unusual D.

2、unfair（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.As the headmaster made a long speech, the ceremony was Uprolonged/U by ten minutes. A. quickened B. enlarged C. enriched D. lengthened（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.When a man knows that he will be put into prison if he uses a potentially Udeadly/U object to rob or do harm to another pe

3、rson, he will think twice about it. A. passive B. lifelong C. unhappy D. fatal（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Because of Uadverse/U weather conditions, the travelers stopped to camp. A. local B. unfamiliar C. good D. unfavorable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.There are some things in the class the teachers will not Uput up w

4、ith/U. A. tolerate B. contribute C. resist D. prohibit（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Her behavior is extremely Uchildish/U. A. simple B. immature C. beautiful D. pretty（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Courageous people think quickly and act without Uhesitation/U. A. complaint B. consideration C. delay D. anxiety（分数：1.00）A.B.

5、C.D.9.A good employer gives Uhints/U to his or her employees without interfering with their creativity. A. freedom B. assistance C. clues D. funds（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.He is charming; Unevertheless/U, I dont quite trust him. A. however B. therefore C. despite D. afterwards（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Hundreds

6、of buildings were Uwrecked/U by the earthquake. A. shaken B. damaged C. fallen D. jumped（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Academic records cannot be Uduplicated/U. A. borrowed B. purchased C. rewritten D. copied（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.We have Uample/U money for the journey. A. some B. little C. extra D. enough（分数：1.0

7、0）A.B.C.D.14.The failure is not horrible because it helps to Uaccumulate/U useful experiences. A. increase B. spread C. collect D. grow（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The union representative Uput across/U her argument very effectively. A. invented B. explained C. considered D. accepted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B第 2部分

8、：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The Workers Role in ManagementTraditionally, it has been the workers role to work and managements role to manage. Managers have planned and directed the firms operations with little thought to consulting the labor force. Managers have rarely felt compelled to obtain the workers

9、 opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees. At most, companies have provided “suggestion boxes“ in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures. In recent years, however, many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of laborthey have a

10、vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management. Furthermore, major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents. This is particularly true of plant closings, which may put thousands on the unemployment lines. Should workers, then, p

11、lay a stronger role in management?Workers should have a role in management. At the very least, the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions (A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions). Between 1980 and 1985 about five

12、 million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs, often with no warning. At least 90 days notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust. Management should consult workers before closing a plant, because the workers might be able to suggest wa

13、ys of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision makings. There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firms board of director

14、s or other major policy making groups. If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow, they will help to make improvements, their morale will rise, and their productivity will increase. As a further incentive, they must be given a share in the companys pro

15、fits. This can be done through employee stockownership plans, bonuses, or rewards for efficiency and productivity. Finally, when a plant can no longer operate at a profit, the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.（分数：7.00）(1).Traditional workers showed

16、no interest in management. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In recent years many management specialists have been arguing for the workers role in management with two major reasons. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Since policy decisions are business secret

17、s of a firm, workers should not be informed of them. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Before closing, a plant should put up a notice and keep it for 90 days. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The workers participation in management might save a plant from c

18、losing down. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).One of the advantages of involving workers in making a decision is that the interpersonal relationship between workers and managers can be improved. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).An efficient and productive

19、worker should be rewarded with anything but shares of a plant. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Facts about Stroke1. Every 45 seconds, someone in America has a stroke. Every 3.1 minutes, someone dies of one. Stroke killed an estimated 167,661 people

20、 in 2000 and is the nations third leading cause of death, ranking behind diseases of the heart and all forms of cancer. Stroke is a leading cause of serious, long-term disability in the United States.2. Stroke is a type of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease. It affects the arteries (动脉) leading to and wi

21、thin the brain. A stroke occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients (营养物) to the brain is either blocked by a clot (凝块) or bursts. When that happens, part of the brain cannot get the blood (and oxygen) it needs, so it starts to die.3. The brain is an extremely complex organ that co

22、ntrols various body functions. If a stroke occurs and blood flow cant reach the region that controls a particular body function, that part of the body wont work as it should. If the stroke occurs toward the back of the brain, for instance its likely that some disability involving vision will result.

23、 The effects of a stroke depend primarily on the location of the obstruction (阻塞) and the extent of brain tissue affected.4. The American Stroke Association has identified several factors that increase the risk of stroke. The more risk factors a person has, the greater the chance that he or she will

24、 have a stroke. Some of these you cant control, such as increasing age, family health history, race, and prior stroke. But you can change or treat other risk factors to lower your risk. Factors resulting from lifestyle or environment can be modified with a healthcare providers help. Some of these in

25、clude: high blood pressure, current smoking, heart disease, and high red blood cell count.5. A stroke can happen to anyone at any moment. In fact about 600,000 people have strokes every year. For many years, there was no hope for those suffering a stroke. However, recent breakthroughs have led to ne

26、w treatments. For the treatments to work, the person must get to a hospital immediately.（分数：8.00）(1).A. Effects of a stroke B. Annual cost of stroke in the US C. Definition and description of a stroke D. Breakthroughs in treatment E. Risk factors of stroke F. Warning signs of a stroke Paragraph 2 _（

27、分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).A. suffer from a stroke B. will be affected C. change their lifestyles D. will take place E. occurs at the back of his/her brain F. controls various body functions When a stroke occu

28、rs, the arteries leading to and within the brain _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).A persons vision is likely to be affected if a stroke _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Some people can reduce their risk of stroke if they _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).New treatments are now available to people who _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/

29、B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、B第一篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Find Yourself Packing It On? Blame FriendsObesity can spread from person to person, much like a virus, researchers are reporting today. When one person gains weight, close friends tend to gain weight, too.Their study, published in The New England Journal of Me

30、dicine, involved a detailed analysis of a large social network of 12,067 people who were been closely followed for 32 years, from 1971 to 2003.The investigators knew who were friends with whom as well as who was a spouse or sibling or neighbor, and they knew how much each person weighed at various t

31、imes over three decades. That let them reconstruct what happened over the years as individuals became obese. Did their friends also become obese? Did family members? Or neighbors?The answer, the researchers report, was that people were most likely to become obese when a friend became obese. That inc

32、reased a persons chances of becoming obese by 57 percent. There was no effect when a neighbor gained or lost weight, however, and family members had less influence than friends.It did not even matter if the friend was hundreds of miles away, the influence remained. And the greatest influence of all

33、was between close mutual friends. There, if one became obese, the other had a 171 percent increased chance of becoming obese, too.The same effect seemed to occur for weight loss, the investigators say. But since most people were gaining, not losing, over the 32 years, the result was, on average, tha

34、t people grew fatter.Dr. Nicholas A. Christakis, a physician and professor of medical sociology at Harvard Medical School and a principal investigator in the new study, said one explanation was that friends affected each others perception of fatness. When a close friend becomes obese, obesity may no

35、t look so bad.“You change your idea of what is an acceptable body type by looking at the people around you,“ Dr. Christakis said.The investigators say their findings can help explain why Americans have become fatter in recent yearseach person who became obese was likely to drag along some friends.Th

36、eir analysis was unique, Dr. Christakis said, because it moved beyond a simple analysis of one person and his or her social contacts and instead examined an entire social network at once, looking at how a persons friends friends, or a spouses siblings friends, could have an influence on a persons we

37、ight.The effects, he said, “highlight the importance of a spreading process, a kind of social contagion, that spreads through the network.“ Of course, the investigators say, social networks are not the only factors that affect body weight. There is a strong genetic component at work, too.Science has

38、 shown that individuals have genetically determined ranges of weights, spanning perhaps 30 or so pounds for each person. But that leaves a large role for the environment in determining whether a persons weight is near the top of his or her range or near the bottom. As people have gotten fatter, it a

39、ppears that many are edging toward the top of their ranges. The question has been why.If the new research is correct, it may say that something in the environment seeded what some call an obesity epidemic, making a few people gain weight. Then social networks let the obesity spread rapidly.（分数：15.00

40、）(1).Who had the greatest influence on people who became obese? A. Their friends. B. Their neighbors. C. Their family members. D. Their colleagues,（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statement about a friends influence is false according to the report? A. Friends had more influence than fami

41、ly members on people who became obese. B. Even if the friend lives far away, the influence still remained. C. People were not likely to lose weight when they have skinny friends. D. The greatest influence of all was between close mutual friends.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to Dr. Nicholas A. Chris

42、takis, what is the explanation for friends being the greatest influence? A. Friends usually spend a lot of time together. B. Friends share similar eating habits. C. Friends are more important than family members. D. Friends affected each others feelings of fatness.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which factor o

43、f becoming obese is not mentioned in this report? A. Social contact, B. Genetic information. C. Life style. D. Environmental influences.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In what way is obesity contagious and epidemic? A. Social networks let the obesity spread rapidly. B. Individuals have genetically determined r

44、anges of weights. C. Obesity can easily spread from one to another without any physical contact. D. Obesity can spread rapidly and extensively by infection and affecting many individuals in an area or a population at the same time.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、B第二篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Natural MedicineSince earlie

45、st days, humans have used some kinds of medicines. We know this because humans have survived. Ancient treatments for injury and disease were successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely.They were successful long before the time of modern medicine. Before the time of doctors with white

46、coats and shiny (发亮的) instruments. Before the time of big hospitals with strange and wonderful equipment.Many parts of the world still do not have university-educated doctors. Nor do they have expensive hospitals. Yet injuries are treated. And diseases are often cured, how? By ancient methods. By me

47、dicines that might seem mysterious, even magical (有魔力的). Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical, however.Through the centuries, tribal (部落的) medicine men experimented with plants. They found many useful chemicals in the plants. And scientists believe many of these traditional medic

48、ines may provide the cure for some of todays most serious diseases.Experts say almost 80% of the people in the world use plants for health care. These natural medicines are used not just because people have no other form of treatment. They are used because people trust them. In developed areas, few people think about the so