职称英语卫生类B级-4及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语卫生类 B 级-4 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Norman Blamey is an artist of deep convictions.（分数：1.00）A.statementsB.beliefsC.suggestionsD.claims2.Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.（分数：1.00）A.tenselyB.nearlyC.carefullyD.closely3.Even in a highly modernized co

2、untry, manual work is still needed.（分数：1.00）A.physicalB.mentalC.naturalD.hard4.The report advocated setting up day training colleges.（分数：1.00）A.supposedB.excitedC.suggestedD.discussed6.Can you follow the plot so far?（分数：1.00）A.changeB.investigateC.writeD.understand7.Up to now, the work has been easy

3、.（分数：1.00）A.SoB.So longC.So thatD.So far8.The outlook from the top of the mountain is breathtaking.（分数：1.00）A.viewB.sightC.lookD.point9.The union representative put across her argument very effectively.（分数：1.00）A.explainedB.inventedC.consideredD.accepted10.In the latter case the outcome can be serio

4、us indeed.（分数：1.00）A.resultB.judgmentC.decisionD.event11.Accordingly, a number of other methods have been employed.（分数：1.00）A.ThereforeB.AfterwardsC.HoweverD.Furthermore12.It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.,（分数：1.00）A.makingB.takingC.discussingD.expecting13.The high-speed trai

5、ns can have a major impact on travel preferences.（分数：1.00）A.forceB.influenceC.surpriseD.power14.Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.（分数：1.00）A.wasteB.buyC.useD.sell15.He talks tough but has a tender heart.（分数：1.00）A.heavyB.mildC.kindD.wild二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分

6、数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。BUsing HIV Virus to Cure Cancer/BScientists are planning to use human immunodeficiency (免疫缺陷) virus (HIV), one of mankinds most feared viruses, as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured. The experts say HI

7、V has an almost perfect ability to avoid the bodys immune (免疫的) defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients bodies, according to the Observer.A team at the California-based Salk Institute, one of the worlds leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a spe

8、cial new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to begin clinical gene therapy (治疗) trials this year. The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder V

9、erma said the HIV technique would have “far wider applications“.The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades. Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purp

10、ose was “shocking“ but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patients body fails to work properly. In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics (遗传学) have led gene therapy s

11、cientists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.Unfortunately, the bodys immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.Th

12、e HIV virus has the ability to escape from, and then destroy, the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients bodies.（分数：7.00）(1).FDA has approved the plan of using HIV to cure cancer in

13、 humans.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(2).The idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose has been widely accepted.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(3).HIV can be safely used to cure cancer only if the deadly genes have been removed.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(4

14、).The HIV virus is an excellent warrior to fight the bodys immune cells.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(5).Other countries are also expected to begin clinical gene therapy trials soon.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(6).It is the lack of money that has held up the progress in

15、using replacement genes to cure cancer.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(7).The HIV virus has caused more deaths in developed countries.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 25 段每段选择 1 个正确的小标题；(2)第 2730

16、 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。BFriendly Relations with the People Around/B1 You depend on all the people closely around to give you the warm feeling of belongingness (归属) that you must have to feel secure. But, in fact, the members of all the groups to which you belong also depend on you to giv

17、e that feeling to them. A person who shows that he wants everything for himself is bound (一定的) to be a lonely wolf.2 The need for companionship is closely related to the need for a sense of belongingness. How sad and lonely your life would be if you had no one to share your feelings and experiences.

18、 You may take it for granted that there always will be people around to talk to and to do things with you and for you. The important point, however, is that keeping emotionally healthy does not depend so much upon having people around you as upon your ability to establish relationships that are sati

19、sfying both to you and to them.3 Suppose you are in a crowd watching a football game. You dont know them. When the game is over, you will all go your separate ways. But just for a while you had a feeling of companionship, of sharing the feelings of others who were cheering for the team you wanted to

20、 win.4 An experience of this kind gives the clue (线索) to what companionship really is. It depends upon emotional ties of sympathy, understanding, trust, and affection. Companions become friends when these ties are formed.5 When you are thrown in a new circle of acquaintances (熟人), you may not know w

21、ith whom you will make friends, but you can be sure that you will be able to establish friendships if you show that you really like people.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).If you had no one to

22、 share your feelings, your life would be_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).The warm feeling of belongingness may give you_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).The ability to establish fine relations with others will keep you_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).You will find it hard to make friends with people_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B

23、(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每道题后面有 4 个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案。B第一篇/BBGiving Up Smoking/BA number of devices are available to help a person quit smoking. Nicotine (尼古丁) patches are small, nicotine-containing adhesive (粘着性的) discs applied to the skin. The nicotine is slowly absor

24、bed through the skin and enters the bloodstream (血流). Over time, the nicotine dose is reduced and eventually the desire for nicotine is eased. Nicotine gum (口香糖) works in a similar manner, providing small doses of nicotine when chewed (咀嚼).The benefits of giving up smoking include the immediate redu

25、ction of harm to the health of the smoker and easier admission to social activities and institutions that ban smoking. In a 1988 report, the U.S. Surgeon General declared cigarette smoking to be more harmful and expensive than the use of cocaine (可卡因), alcohol, or heroin. Recent evidence supports th

26、is claim.The United States government has collected a special tax on cigarettes for several decades. The rate rose from 8 cents per pack of 20 cigarettes in 1951 to 24 cents per pack in 1993. In other developed countries, the cigarette tax rate is much higher, ranging from 50 percent in Switzerland

27、to 85 percent in Denmark.In the United States, the first direct action to check smoking was the regulation of a warning on cigarette packages by the Federal Trade Commission. This warning took effect in 1964 and was strengthened in 1969 to read: “Warning: The Surgeon General Has Determined That Ciga

28、rette Smoking Is Dangerous to Your Health.“ In 1971 all cigarette advertising was banned from radio and television, and cities and states passed laws requiring nonsmoking sections in public places and workplaces.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following can help a person quit smoking?（分数：3.00）A.Reading c

29、igarette advertisements.B.Using nicotine patches.C.Chewing ordinary gum.D.Participating in social activities,(2).Nicotine gum is used to help a smoker（分数：3.00）A.reduce weight,B.stop smoking.C.clean his teeth.D.absorb nicotine immediately,(3).The benefits of giving up smoking include all the followin

30、g EXCEPT（分数：3.00）A.the formation of a good habit.B.the reduction of expenses,C.the reduction of harm to ones health,D.easier access to institutions that ban smoking,(4).Which of the following is said to be the most expensive and harmful?（分数：3.00）A.Consuming alcohol,B.Using heroin.C.Taking cocaine.D.

31、Smoking cigarettes.(5).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a step to control smoking?（分数：3.00）A.Forbidding smoking in all public places.B.Collecting a special tax on cigarettes.C.Banning cigarette advertising from radio and TV.D.Requiring a warning on each cigarette package.B第二篇/BBEffects of

32、Exercise on Elderly Diabetics (糖尿病人)/BMost older people with so-called type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) could stop taking insulin (胰岛素) if they would do brisk (轻快的) exercise for 30 minutes just three times a week, according to new medical research results reported in a Copenhagen newspaper. Results from tests

33、conducted on diabetics at the Copenhagen central hospital Rigshospitalets Center for Muscle Research showed that physical exercise can boost the bodys ability to make use of insulin by 30 per cent. This is equal to the effect most elderly diabetics get from their insulin medication (药物治疗) today.Rese

34、archers had a group of non-diabetic men and a group of men with type 2 diabetes, all more than 60 years of age, exercise on bicycles six times a week for three months. After the three months the doctors measured how much sugar the test subjects muscles could make use of as a measure for how well the

35、ir insulin worked.Associate Professor Dr Flemming Dela of the Muscle Research Center said the tests demonstrated that the exercising diabetics had made as good use of insulin as the healthy non-diabetic persons. “This means that the insulin works just as well for both groups. Physical exercise canno

36、t cure people of diabetes, but it can eliminate almost all their symptoms. At the same time, it can put off the point at which they have to begin taking insulin,“ Dela said.Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas (胰腺), controlling sugar in the body and is used against diabetes.Dela said that t

37、o achieve the desired effect diabetics need only exercise to the point where they begin to sweat, but that the activity has to be maintained since it wears off after five days without sufficient exercise.Most diabetics realize that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of the importa

38、nce of exercise, Dela added.（分数：15.00）(1).What is the effect of exercise on elderly people with type 2 diabetes?（分数：3.00）A.It can help the body make better use of insulin.B.It can worsen their symptoms.C.It can help them to eat more.D.It can cure them of the disease.(2).The exercise that the researc

39、hers tried on their test subjects was（分数：3.00）A.walking briskly for thirty minutes three times a week.B.cycling six times a week for three months.C.swimming twice a day.D.running once a day.(3).The researchers checked how well the test subjects insulin worked by measuring（分数：3.00）A.the blood sugar l

40、evel in their bodies,B.the length of time they could cycle at one breath.C.the amount of insulin they took.D.the amount of sugar their muscles could make use of.(4).It is recommended that diabetics maintain sufficient exercise since otherwise（分数：3.00）A.their symptoms will get worse.B.the blood sugar

41、 level will go up.C.the desired effect cannot be achieved.D.their condition will be out of control.(5).It can be seen from“ the passage that most diabetics are ignorant of（分数：3.00）A.the necessity of watching their diet.B.the significance of regular exercise.C.the need to control their weight.D.the c

42、onsequences of taking too much insulin.B第三篇/BBFirst Aid/BFirst aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. It may save a life or improve certain vital signs including pulse, temperature, a clear airway (气道), and breathing. In min

43、or emergencies, first aid may prevent a victims condition from turning worse and provide relief from pain. First aid must be administered as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life.First-aid measures

44、 depend upon a victims needs and the providers level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to permanent spinal (脊柱的) injury and paralysis (瘫痪).Despite the variety of i

45、njuries possible, several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess the scene, asking ot

46、her people or the injured persons family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and preexisting conditions such as diabetes (糖尿病) or heart trouble. The victim should be checked for a medical bracelet (手镯) or card that describes special medical c

47、onditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victims condition is known by the acronym (道字母写语) ABC

48、, which stands for:A - Airway: is it open and clear?B - Breathing: is the person breathing? Look, listen, and feel for breathing.C - Circulation: is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.（分数：15.00）(1).First aid may bring about all the following results EXCEPT（分数：3.00）A.saving a victims life.B.preventing a victims condition from getting worse.C.helping a person avoid sudden illness or injury.D.relieving a victim from pain.(2).Before we administer first aid to a victim, it is very import