职称英语卫生类B级-20及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语卫生类 B 级-20 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Janes unusual behavior puzzled her parents.（分数：1.00）A.abnormalB.frighteningC.repeatedD.funny2.Its beyond mortal power to bring a dead man back to life.（分数：1.00）A.humanB.spiritualC.materialD.electronic3.The minister approved

2、 the building plans after he discussed with other ministers.（分数：1.00）A.agreedB.opposedC.canceledD.delighted4.Parents should realized that “example is better than precept“.（分数：1.00）A.instructionB.educationC.imaginationD.morality5.You should conform to the usage of society.（分数：1.00）A.confrontB.acquain

3、tC.adoptD.follow6.All proposals are likely to be rejected.（分数：1.00）A.acceptedB.refusedC.neglectedD.believed7.He was evidently holding light onto himself about something.（分数：1.00）A.reluctantlyB.obviouslyC.seeminglyD.conclusively8.He had to consider the offer. Anyway, he had to rear his whole family.（

4、分数：1.00）A.set upB.rebuildC.constructD.raise9.They resembled each other in color but not in shape.（分数：1.00）A.were similar toB.differentiatedC.were likelyD.modified10.Subterranean streams have cut through limestone to form miles of passages and caves such as Kentuckys Mammoth Cave.（分数：1.00）A.Secondary

5、B.UndergroundC.UnharnessedD.Miniscule11.He inquired whether it was possible to leave his suitcase at the railway station.（分数：1.00）A.insistedB.suggestedC.askedD.called12.For most allergies, the best treatment is elimination of the bothersome substances from the sensitive persons environment.（分数：1.00）

6、A.unnaturalB.dangerousC.irritatingD.surrounding13.The sisters cant tolerate each other.（分数：1.00）A.hateB.bearC.likeD.criticize14.Tom dropped off in front of fire.（分数：1.00）A.drop atB.drop awayC.doze offD.take off15.He looked dismayed when he heard the news.（分数：1.00）A.paleB.hurtfulC.doubtfulD.disappoin

7、ted二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Souped-up(效力增强了的) enzymes that flush poisons out of cells more efficiently than their natural counterparts(对应的人或物) could alleviate some of the severe side effects of chemotherapy and so improve the chances of curing cancers. Many anticancer drugs attack tumor cells

8、because they divide more rapidly than heathy cells. But some vital healthy cells also divide faster thanormal, and these are destroyed as well. The most vital cells caught in the chemical cross-fire are those made in the bone marrow(骨髓). Under normal circumstances, these mature into platelets(血小板),

9、which are vital for wound-healing, and white blood cells that fight infections. If levels of these cells fall, patients become dangerously vulnerable to infection and can suffer such severe internal bleeding that treatment has to be stopped. Surviving cancer cells can then re-grow and reduce the eff

10、ectiveness of the therapy. Bill Fehl and his colleagues at the University of Wisconsin Medical School have engineered an enzyme that could make bone marrow cells resistant to the cancer drugs, so higher doses can be given and side effects reduced. The idea is to take healthy bone marrow cells from p

11、atients before they begin chemotherapy, then equip these cells with the genes that make the enzyme drug-resistant. When returned to the patient, the improved bone marrow cells could then withstand heavy doses of the drugs. The natural version of the enzymecalled glutathione Stransferase(谷胱甘肽 S 转移酶)

12、is produced mainly in the liver and catalyses(催化) the breakdown of compounds that might otherwise damage DNA in cells. GST also neutralizes(中和) the toxic breakdown products of anticancer drugs, which makes it suitable for protecting bone marrow cells. But natural GST does not work efficiently enough

13、 to avoid being swamped by high doses of drugs. GST catalyses a reaction between potentially toxic compounds and glutathionea peptide (肽) produced in almost all cells of the body. The GST molecule has a cavity, or “active site“, where the two molecules are brought close enough to react. This neutral

14、izes the toxin, which passes into the blood to be excreted in the patients urine. Using machines for synthesizing(结合,使合成)DNA, Fehl and his colleagues made thousands of “scrambled“ versions of the parts of the GST gene that make the active site of the enzyme. They inserted these scrambled genes into

15、Escherichia coll. By exposing the bacteria to increasing quantities of the anticancer drug, mechlorethamine(氮芥), Fehl screened out the ones most tolerant to the drug. “By this method, we made enzymes 30 times as efficient as the natural one,“ says Fehl. In other words, it took 30 times as much drug

16、to kill the bacteria. Fehl has already exposed mice carrying copies of the doctored gene to known carcinogens(致癌物) to see how efficient the gene is at mopping up the toxins. The more efficient it is, the less damage the toxins do and fewer tumors should appear. “We anticipate a significant reduction

17、 (in the number of cancers) in the group carrying the gene, “says Fehl, who is still analyzing the results. Fehls team has applied for a patent covering the technique, and hopes to develop treatments with Systemix, a company based in Palo Alto, California. Brian Ketterer, who heads the Cancer Resear

18、ch Campaigns molecular toxicology group in London, says Fehls work could be important. But he warns that the proposed strategy would not protect cells lining the gut from chemotherapy drugs. （分数：7.00）(1).The passage mainly discusses about the toxic reaction of anticancer drugs.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.

19、B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Dietary intervention may work even after precancerous warning signs have appeared.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).Being resistant to the anticancer drugs, bone marrow cells can greatly reduce the side effects.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not

20、 mentioned(4).Wheat bran may lower the risk of colon cancer.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).The enzyme engineered by Fehls team is superior to the natural enzyme in withstanding Heavy doses of the drugs.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).Fehl picked up the most

21、 tolerant scrambled gene by using machines.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).The strategy proposed by Fehl can protect cells in various parts of the body from chemotherapy drugs.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Cancer is a disease

22、in which cells multiply without control, destroy healthy tissue, and endanger life. About 100 kinds of cancer attack human beings. The disease is a leading cause of death in many countries. In the United States and Canada, only diseases of the heart and blood vessels kill more people. Cancer occurs

23、in most species of animals and in many kinds of plants, as well as in human beings.2. Cancer strikes people of all ages but especially middle-aged persons and the elderly. It occurs about equally among people of both sexes. The disease can attack any part of the body and may spread to other parts. H

24、owever, the parts most often affected are the skin, the digestive organs, the lungs, the male prostate, and the female breasts. 3. Scientists do not know exactly why cancer develops. Most experts agree that people develop cancer mainly through repeated or prolonged contact with one or more cancer-ca

25、using agents, called carcinogens. These agents include the tars in tobacco smoke, a variety of other chemicals, and certain kinds of radiation. In many cases, cancer can be prevented if a known agent is avoided or eliminated. The elimination of cigarette smoking, for example, would prevent most case

26、s of lung cancer and about a third of all cases of cancer. Scientists also believe that some people may inherit a tendency to develop cancer. 4. Without proper treatment, most kinds of cancer are fatal. Only a doctor can diagnose cancer. But in many cases, a doctor is consulted only after the diseas

27、e is far advanced. A person should therefore be alert to any physical change that may be a symptom of cancer. Early detection greatly increases the chances of a cure. 5. Cancer shows no symptoms in its beginning stages. But symptoms may appear before the disease spreads. The American Cancer Society

28、lists seven such warning signals. They are: (1) Change in bowel or bladder habits; (2) A sore that does not heal; (3) Unusual bleeding or discharge; (4) Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere; (5) Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing; (6) Obvious change in wart or mole; (7) Nagging cough or ho

29、arseness. A person who has any of these symptoms longer than two weeks should consult a physician promptly.（分数：8.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3. _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4. _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5. _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_(6).Cancer occurs in most species of animals, in many kinds of pl

30、ants and in _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).People should abstain from tobacco smoking because _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Early detection of cancer increases _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)B第一篇/BCoronary heart disease(冠心病) is a term used to describe conditions like angina(心绞痛) or heart attack. M

31、any people suffer from heart disease. If you have had a heart attack or suffer from angina it is very important that you take positive action now in order to keep your heart as healthy as possible. This article outlines steps you can take in order to help achieve this. A number of factors have been

32、known to increase the risk of your coronary heart disease. There are often referred to as “risk factors“. But some of these factors can be changed or modified to help improve your condition. These include: high Mood cholesterol(胆固醇), high blood pressure, smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise, high al

33、cohol intake, obesity, diabetes and stress. High blood cholesterol has been shown to be one of the most important risk factors, yet only about half of coronary heart-disease patients have had their blood cholesterol checked. When blood cholesterol is high, it builds up in the walls of the arteries (

34、blood vessels), causing them to narrow. The narrowing can then begin to restrict the blood flow to the heart. Under these conditions patients will often experience chest pain or tightness, known as angina. In some cases narrowing of the arteries that supply blood to the heart can become so severe th

35、at it blocks the artery. More usually, however, a partial blockage triggers a blood clot, causing a heart attack, which can cause permanent damage to part of the heart muscle. To reduce the build up of cholesterol in the artery walls, and so reduce the risk of a heart attack, cholesterol lowering ha

36、s become an essential part of treatment for people with coronary heart disease. Reductions in blood cholesterol have been shown to provide major benefits for patients who have angina or have had a heart attack, such as reducing the risk of another heart attack occurring and improving survival. Your

37、cholesterol should be checked regularly, and modified if necessary, along with all the other factors. This will help to ensure that you minimise the risk of suffering future heart problems like another heart attack. It is better for your heart if all the risk factors are reduced by a little, rather

38、than concentrating on one and ignoring the others. Changes in lifestyle can often help to reduce these risk factors. These include stop-ping smoking or cutting down the number of cigarettes you smoke, a healthier diet and a healthy body weight, regular exercise, and not drinking more than the recomm

39、ended amount of alcohol. A healthier diet should consist of reducing the amount of saturated fat(饱和脂肪) you eat and balancing this with an intake of non-and poly-unsaturated fats and increased consumption (单链和多链不饱和脂肪) of cereal foods, vegetables and fruit. Sometimes changes in lifestyle are not enoug

40、h to reduce factors like cholesterol or blood pressure sufficiently, and so drugs may be prescribed. These drugs should always be combined with changes in lifestyle. （分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT a risk factor?（分数：3.00）A.smokingB.tea drinkingC.obesityD.stress(2).Which is the most impor

41、tant risk factor?（分数：3.00）A.poor dietB.diabetesC.high blood cholesterolD.beer drinking(3).Which of the following directly causes the chest pain or tightness?（分数：3.00）A.blocking of the coronary arteryB.narrowing of the arteryC.high blood cholesterolD.stress(4).What should be checked regularly to mini

42、mise the risk of suffering future heart problems?（分数：3.00）A.hemoglobinB.cholesterolC.blood sugarD.bilirubin(5).How can one reduce these risk factors?（分数：3.00）A.stopping smokingB.regular exerciseC.healthy dietD.all of theseB第二篇/BSuch mental fatigue can be as threatening as a heart attack. Recent evid

43、ence indicates that sleepiness is a leading cause of traffic and industrial accidents. “Human error causes between 60% and 900 of all workplace accidents, depending on the type of job, “ observes biological psychologist David Dinges of the University of Pennsylvania. “And inadequate sleep is a major

44、 factor in human error, at least as important as drugs, alcohol and equipment failure.“ Other research suggests that sleep loss contributes to everything from drug abuse to poor grades in school. A typical adult needs about eight hours of shut-eye a night to function effectively. By that standard, m

45、illions of Americans are for a long time sleep deprived, trying to get by on six hours or even less. In many households, cheating on sleep has become an unconscious and harmful habit. “In its mild form, its watching Ted Koppel and going to bed late and then getting up early to get to the gym, “says

46、Cornells Pollak. In extreme cases people stay up most of the night, seeing how little sleep will keep them going. They try to compensate by short sleeping late on weekends, but that makes up for only part of the shortfall. Over the months and years, some researchers believe, the imbalance builds up

47、and the effects accumulate. “Most Americans no longer know what it feels like to be fully alert, “ contends Dr. William Dement, director of Stanford Universitys Sleep Center. They go through the day in a sort of twilight zone; the eyes may be wide open, but the brain is partly shut down. Single pare

48、nt Dianna Bennett, 43, works as a nurse at a correctional facility in Gardner, Mass. To be able to spend time with her three children during the day, she works the night shift, a schedule that usually allows her no more than four hours of sleep, “My kids tell me Im always tired,“ she says. Amy Schwa

49、rtzman, 35, a law student at Tulane University, gets up at 9 a.m. and, what with classes, simulated court and work as a research assistant, often does not get home until 10 p.m. Thats when she studies or relaxation. Nights of throwing into bed at 3 a.m. make her feel “as if my brain isnt moving as quickly as quickly as it should.“ says Schwartzman, noting that the cir