职称英语卫生类A级真题2009年及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语卫生类 A 级真题 2009 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Why cant you stop your eternal complaining?（分数：1.00）A.longB.everlastingC.temporaryD.boring2.Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.（分数：1.00）A.damagedB.shakenC.fallenD.jumped3.These paintings are considere

2、d by many to be authentic.（分数：1.00）A.faithfulB.royalC.sincereD.genuine4.Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics.（分数：1.00）A.simplicityB.attractionC.powerD.rigor5.Ten years after the event, her death still remains a puzzle.（分数：1.00）A.mistB.fogC.secretD.mystery6.John was irritate

3、d by the necessity for polite conversation.（分数：1.00）A.troubledB.annoyedC.threatenedD.aroused7.Academic records cannot be duplicated.（分数：1.00）A.borrowedB.purchasedC.copiedD.rewritten8.The emphasis on the importance of education has spurred scientific research.（分数：1.00）A.encouragedB.fastenedC.raisedD.

4、initiated9.We have ample money for the journey.（分数：1.00）A.someB.littleC.enoughD.extra10.The doctors pills worked marvels for me.（分数：1.00）A.miraclesB.patientsC.illnessD.recovery11.Marys perpetual moaning nearly drove me mad.（分数：1.00）A.endlessB.monotonousC.seriousD.bitter12.It was hard to say why the

5、man deserved such shabby treatment.（分数：1.00）A.oldB.unforgettableC.unfairD.funny13.You didnt adhere to these principles.（分数：1.00）A.orderB.followC.proveD.handle14.The farmers also want to use the water to irrigate the barren land.（分数：1.00）A.emptyB.hairlessC.smoothD.bare15.Anyone who wants to apply for

6、 a loan need read the following specifications.（分数：1.00）A.expressionsB.warningsC.advertisementsD.instructions二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。BCancer Drug Trials Often Halted Early/BAn increasing number of clin

7、ical trials for new cancer treatments are being halted before the risks and benefits have been fully evaluated, say Italian researchers, who warn that this growing trend could put patients at risk of harm from new therapies rushed into use.The researchers looked at 25 randomized, controlled clinical

8、 trials that were stopped early because the treatments had started to show benefit to patients.“When we analyzed 25 trials over a 10-year period between 1997 and 2007, we found a consistent increase in prematurely stopped trialsmore than 50 percent were stopped within the last three years,“ study co

9、-author Giovanni Apolone said at a news conference Tuesday.Of 14 trials halted early and published between 2005 and 2007,the researchers found that 11 (79 percent) of them were used to support drug approval applications submitted to the European Medicines Agency and the US Food and Drug Administrati

10、on.“This suggests a strong commercial component in stopping trials prematurely. In fact, this strategy could guarantee quicker access to the market for companies. On the other hand, a quicker clinical drug development may lead to an immature benefit/risk balance of new drugs,“ Apolone said. He and h

11、is colleagues “are aware that trials stopped early because they are showing benefit may result in identification of promising new treatments for patients. However, findings obtained following this strategy should be considered to be preliminary results that require subsequent confirmation. “It can t

12、ake several years for the long-term benefits or harmful side effects of a new treatment to become apparent, Apolone noted, but the average duration (持续时间) of the 25 studies he and his colleagues analyzed was 30 months, with a range from 12 to 64 months.They also found that at the time five of the st

13、udies were stopped, theyd enrolled less than 40 percent of the total number of patients planned for final analysis.“Clinical trials need to stop early for superior benefit whenever theres proof beyond reasonable doubt that the new treatment really is superior. That would be an ethical obligation,“ S

14、tuart Pocock, a professor of medical statistics at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in the United Kingdom, said at the news conference. “However, too many trials are stopped early claiming efficacy (功效) without strong evidence being available.“（分数：7.00）(1).The number of prematurely

15、 stopped clinical trials has increased recently.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(2).The trials were stopped early because the treatments proved to be of no value.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(3).The 25 trials involved roughly the same number of participants.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wron

16、g C.Not mentioned(4).Some of the trials were probably stopped early for commercial reasons.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(5).Participants in the trials were happy when they were stopped early.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(6).Some of the trials were too short to show their long-t

17、erm effects.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(7).Stuart Pocock believed that in no case should clinical trials stop early.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 14 段每段选择 1 个最佳标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定 1 个最佳

18、选项。BCancer/B1. Cancer is a group of many related diseases that begin in cells, the bodys basic building blocks. The body is made up of many types of cells. Normally, cells grow and divide to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes, this orderly process goes wrong, N

19、ew cells form when the body does not need them, and old cells do not die when they should. The extra cells form a mass of tissue called a growth or tumor (肿瘤). Benign (良性的) tumors are not cancer. They can often be removed and, in most cases, they do not come back. Malignant (恶性的) tumors are cancer.

20、Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal and divide without control or order.2. Scientists have learned that cancer is caused by changes in genes that normally control the growth and death of cells. Certain lifestyle and environmental factors can change some normal genes into genes that allow the grow

21、th of cancer. Many gene changes that lead to cancer are the result of tobacco use, diet, exposure to ultraviolet (紫外线的) radiation from the sun, or exposure to carcinogens (致症物) in the workplace or in the environment. Some gene alterations are inherited.3. Cancer treatment can include surgery, radiat

22、ion therapy, chemotherapy (化疗), hormone therapy, and biological therapy. The doctor may use one method or a combination of methods, depending on the type and location of the cancer, whether the disease has spread, the patients age and general health, and other factors. Because treatment for cancer c

23、an also damage healthy ceils and tissues, it often causes side effects. Patients and doctors generally discuss the treatment options, weighing the likely benefits of killing cancer cells and the risks of possible side effects.4. Having cancer does not always mean having pain. Whether a patient has p

24、ain may depend on the type of cancer, the extent of the disease, and the patients tolerance for pain. Most pain occurs when the cancer grows and presses against bones, organs, or nerves. Pain may also be a side effect of treatment. However, pain can generally be relieved or reduced with prescription

25、 medicines or over-the-counter drugs recommended by the doctor.A. How is cancer treated?B. Does cancer always cause pain?C. Can cancer be prevented?D. What is cancer?E. How common is cancer?F. What causes cancer?（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph

26、 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Cancer occurs when cells in the body divide without A. side effects B. prescription medicines C. control or order D. tolerance for pain E. various factors F. different genes（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Gene alterations may be caused by （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_

27、(7).Treatment for cancer may also bring about some（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Cancer patients may differ in their（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定 1 个最佳选项。B第一篇/BB Youth Emancipation in Spain/BThe Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adu

28、lts still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest.Around 55 percent of people aged 18-34 in Spain still sleep in their parents home, says the latest report from the countrys state-run Institute of Youth.To coax(劝诱) young people from their homes, the Institute starte

29、d a “Youth Emancipation(解放)“ programme this month. The programme offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs.Economists blame young peoples family dependence on the precarious(不稳定的)labour market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 percent a year since 2000.Cultural reasons also

30、 contribute to the problem, say sociologists(社会学家). Family ties in south EuropeItaly, Portugal and Greeceare stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report “The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth: Key for Understanding“.“In general, you

31、ng people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their private. life is organized,“ said Minguez.In Spain especially in the countryside, it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces and nephews(外甥/侄子)all living on the same street. They regul

32、arly get together for Sunday dinner.Parents tolerance is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules.“A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain hell put up a fight and call the father a fascist,“ said Jos6 Antonio Gome

33、z Yanez , a sociologist at Carlos III University in Madrid.Mothers willingness to do childrens household chores(家务) worsens the problem. Dionisio Masso, a 60-year-old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s. The eldest, 28, has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good.“His mum does the w

34、ash and cooks for him; in the end, he lives well,“ Masso said.（分数：15.00）(1).The “Youth Emancipation“ programme aims at helping young people（分数：3.00）A.live in an independent wayB.fight for freedomC.fight against social injusticeD.get rid of family responsibilities(2).It can be inferred from paragraph

35、 5 that family ties are stronger in Portugal than in（分数：3.00）A.GreeceB.FinlandC.SpainD.Italy(3).Young peoples family dependence can be attributed to all the following factors EXCEPT（分数：3.00）A.parents toleranceB.housing problemsC.unwillingness to get marriedD.cultural traditions(4).Which of the follo

36、wing statements is NOT true of Dionisio Masso?（分数：3.00）A.She has a boyfriendB.She is 60 years oldC.She has three childrenD.She lives in Madrid(5).The phrase “wary of“ in paragraph 8 could be best replaced by（分数：3.00）A.tired ofB.afraid ofC.worried aboutD.cautious aboutB第二篇/BB Surprised by a Miracle/B

37、I had been working in the trauma unit at a local hospital for about a year. You get used to families thinking that a “coma“(昏迷) patient is moving their hand or doing something that they were asked to do. “Following commands“ is what we call it. Often its “wishful thinking“ on the families part. Nurs

38、es can easily become callous(麻木不仁的) to it.On this particular night during visiting hours, my patients wife came in. I had taken care of him for several nights. I was very familiar with his care and what he was able to do. Actually, he didnt do anything. He barely moved at all, even when something wo

39、uld obviously hurt him, such as suctioning(抽吸).His wife was very short, about 5 feet tall. She had to stand on a stool to lean over him, so that she could see his face and talk to him. She climbed up on the stool. I spoke to her for a few minutes, and then stepped out to tend to my other patient. A

40、few minutes later, she came running out of the room. In an excited voice, she said, “Donna, hes moving his hand!“I immediately thought that it was probably her imagination, and that he had not actually done it on purpose. He had been there about a month at the time and had never made any movements o

41、n purpose. I asked her what had happened and she said, “I asked him to squeeze my hand and he did!“This led me to another train of questioning. “But, did he let go when you asked him to?“ She said yes, that he had done exactly what she asked.I went into the room with her, not really believing that I

42、 would see anything different than I had always seen. But I decided that it would be better to pacify(抚慰) her than to make her think that I didnt believe her or that she was somehow mistaken.She asked him to squeeze her hand, which he did.I said, “Well, ask him to let go.“ He continued to squeeze fo

43、r a moment, so that when he finally did let go, I really still didnt believe that he had done it on purpose.So, I said,“ Ask him to hold up one finger.“ He did as asked.Well, hmm, this was starting to get my attention. I looked at him, his face still somewhat swollen (肿胀的) and his eyes still closed.

44、 “Stick out your tongue!“ I said. He did it. I almost fell on the floor. It was the first time I had ever seen anyone “wake up.“（分数：15.00）(1).The first paragraph indicates that more often than not a coma patient（分数：3.00）A.is found to be following commandsB.is callous to nurses commandsC.is thought t

45、o be following commandsD.is used to following commands(2).What condition had the patient been in before that particular night?（分数：3.00）A.He had talked only with his wifeB.He had moved only when hurtC.He had been too lazy to do anythingD.He had barely moved at all(3).How did the author feel upon firs

46、t hearing what the excited wife said?（分数：3.00）A.She was amusedB.She was doubtfulC.She was scaredD.She was shocked(4).What did the patient do on that particular night?（分数：3.00）A.He squeezed and let go his wifes handB.lie held up one of his fingersC.He stuck out his tongueD.All of the above(5).Why did

47、 the author almost fall on the floor?（分数：3.00）A.Because she had been working too hardB.Because she had been deceivedC.Because she could hardly believe her eyesD.Because she had been trippedB第三篇/BB Slowing Aging: Way to Fight Diseases in 21st Century/BA group of aging experts from the United States a

48、nd the United Kingdom suggest that the best strat-egy for preventing and fighting a multitude of diseases is to focus on slowing the biological processes of aging.“The traditional medical approach of attacking individual diseasescancer, diabetes, heart disease, Alzheimers disease (早老邢痴呆病) and Parkin

49、sons disease (帕金森氏病)will soon become less effective if we do not determine how all of these diseases either interact or share common mechanisms with aging, “says S. Jay Olshansky, professor of epidemiology at the University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health and senior author of the commentary.Midd