职称英语卫生类A级真题2008年及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语卫生类 A级真题 2008年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.With immense relief, I stopped running.（分数：1.00）A.someB.enormousC.littleD.extensive2.The scientists began to accumulate data.（分数：1.00）A.collectB.handleC.analyzeD.investigate3.Jack eventually overtook the last truck.（分数：1.

2、00）A.hitB.passedC.reachedD.led4.Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance.（分数：1.00）A.possibleB.profitableC.easyD.wise5.The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle.（分数：1.00）A.factB.mysteryC.statementD.game6.That guy is really witty.（分数：1.00）A.smartB.uglyC.honorableD.popular7.The

3、world champion suffered a sensational defeat.（分数：1.00）A.reasonableB.dramaticC.humiliatingD.horrifying8.It seems that only Mary is eligible for the job.（分数：1.00）A.preparedB.trainedC.qualifiedD.guided9.This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a town in the South.（分数：1.00）A.praisesB.writesC.imitatesD

4、.describes10.The meaning is still obscure.（分数：1.00）A.vagueB.transparentC.alienD.significant11.Dumped waste might contaminate water supplies.（分数：1.00）A.destroyB.decreaseC.delayD.pollute12.One theory postulates that the ancient Filipinos came from India and Persia.（分数：1.00）A.assumesB.expectsC.predicts

5、D.considers13.It is very difficult for a child to adhere to rules.（分数：1.00）A.rememberB.followC.understandD.learn14.I hope that I didnt do anything absurd last night.（分数：1.00）A.awkwardB.strangeC.stupidD.awful15.There should be laws that prohibit smoking around children.（分数：1.00）A.forbidB.advocateC.in

6、heritD.withdraw二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。BSleep Problems Plague the Older Set/BOlder Americans often have difficulty getting a good nights rest. Its a huge quality-of-life problem, experts say, because con

7、trary to popular belief, seniors require about the same amount of sleep as younger adults.“Sleep problems and sleep disorders are not an inherent (固有的) part of aging,“ said Dr. Harrison G. Bloom, an associate clinical professor of geriatrics (老年病学) and medicine at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine

8、in New York City. “Its pretty much of a myth that older people need less sleep than younger people.“Yet, in a study published recently in The American Journal of Medicine, researchers found that more than half of older Americans have problems getting the sleep they need.Older people tend to have “sl

9、eep fragmentation,“ meaning they wake up more often during the night, said study author Dr. Julie Gammack, an assistant professor of medicine in the Division of Geriatric Medicine at St. Louis University.They also seem to get less “REM“ sleep, the type of sleep during which rapid eye movement occurs

10、, Bloom added.Its unclear what role these naturally occurring changes in sleep patterns have on a persons quality of life, Bloom said “What is important, though, is that older people often have actual sleep disorders and problems with sleep,“ he said.And, experts say, there is usually more than one

11、cause.“Sleep trouble in older adults is typically associated with acute and chronic illnesses, including specific sleep disorders like sleep apnea (呼吸暂停) and restless leg syndrome that appear with greater frequency in older populations,“ said Michael V. Vitiello, a professor of psychiatry and behavi

12、oral sciences and associate director of the University of Washingtons Northwest Geriatric Education Center.Taking multiple medications, as many older people do, can also lead to fatigue and “hypersomnia,“ or being tired all the time, Bloom added.Another big problem, he noted, is depression and anxie

13、ty. “Those are very commonly associated with sleep problems.“Despite the prevalence (流行) of sleep difficulties in older adults, many patients arent getting the help they need As a result, problems like insomnia (失眠), restless leg syndrome and sleep apnea are underdiagnosed and undertreated, Bloom sa

14、id.（分数：7.00）(1).Sleep problems can seriously affect ones quality of life.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(2).It is true that older people need less sleep than younger people.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(3).Younger people in America seldom complain of sleep disorders.（分数：1.00）A.Ri

15、ght B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(4).The number of older Americans with sleep problems is not small.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(5).“Sleep fragmentation“ refers to a marked lack of “REM“ sleep.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(6).The causes of sleep problems in older people remain unide

16、ntified.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(7).Actions will soon be taken in America to better help people with Sleep problems.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)下面的短文后有 2项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 14 段每段选择 1个最佳标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定 1个最佳选项。

17、BDepression and the Elderly/B1 We all feel sad at times. However, clinical depression is a serious matter. Clinical depression, sometimes called major depression, is a biologically based brain disorder that affects ones thoughts, feelings, behavior, and physical health. When people complain that the

18、y feel terrible, they have no interest or take no pleasure in things, have trouble sleeping, lack energy, have poor appetite, or cannot concentrate, depression is a definite possibility.2 Depression in its many forms affects more than 6.5 million of the 35 million Americans who are 65 years or older

19、. Most older people with depression have been suffering from episodes (发作) of the illness during much of their lives. For others, depression has a first onset (起病) in late life - even for those in their 80s and 90s. Depression in older persons is closely associated with dependency and disability and

20、 causes great suffering for the individual and the family.3 Many older people and their families dont recognize the symptoms of depression, arent aware that it is a medical illness, and dont know how it is treated Others may mistake the symptoms of depression as signs of dementia (痴呆). Also, many ol

21、der people think that depression is a character flaw (缺陷) and are worried about being stigmatized (给.带来耻辱),so they blame themselves for their illness and are too ashamed (羞耻的) to get help. Others worry that treatment would be too costly.4 Older persons with depression rarely seek treatment for the i

22、llness. Unrecognized and untreated depression has fatal consequences in terms of both suicide and non-suicide mortality (死亡率). The highest rate of suicide in the US is among older white men. Depression is the single most significant risk factor for suicide in that population. Tragically, many of tho

23、se people who go on to commit suicide have reached out for help 20% see a doctor the day they die, 40% the week they die, and 70% in the month they die. Yet depression is frequently missed.A. How common is depression in later life?B. What is depression?C. What relieves depression in older people?D.

24、Why does depression in older people often go untreated?E. Can depression in older People be treated?F. What are the consequences of untreated, depression in older people?（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）

25、填空项 1:_(5).Clinical depression is different from _ . A. a character flaw B. normal sadness and grief C. a definite possibility D. dependency and disability E. a significant risk factor F. unrecognized and untreated depression（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Depression in older people is strongly linked with _.（分

26、数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Depression is regarded by many older people as _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Many older people commit suicide as a result of _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3篇短文，每篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定 1个最佳选项。B第一篇/BBCenters of the Great European Cities/BThe centers of the great citie

27、s of Europe are meeting places by tradition. People gather there to drink coffee and chat late into the night. a mixture of locals and tourists make for an exciting, metropolitan atmosphere.Squares, plazas (广场) and arcades (拱廊) form the heart of Europes cities.Venice in Italy has the Piazza San Marc

28、o - a beautiful square surrounded by shops, churches, restaurants and cafs. In Barcelona, Spain, La Bosqueria is a lively market with hundreds of stalls selling all kinds of goods. Londons Covent Garden is filled with fruit and vegetable stalls by day and musicians, acrobats (杂技演员) and artists by ni

29、ght. The government buildings at the center of many cities often are architecturally impressive. In London, they serve as a beautiful backdrop (背景) to the coffee tables that line the streets and the banks of the Thames.These vibrant (有活力的) hearts are the product of centuries of evolution, social his

30、torian Joel Garreau told US News and World Report recently. “The reason people think Venice is so great today is you dont see all the mistakes,“ said Garreau. “Those have all been removed.“ Most European cities were laid out before the invention of the car, so bars, restaurants and cafs were near to

31、 peoples homes. Today, the focus of many Europeans life has moved away from the centers. They live in the suburbs and outskirts, driving to supermarkets to get their supplies. But on a continent where people treasure convention, there are still those who hold onto traditional ways, living and shoppi

32、ng locally. These people, together with tourists, provide the city centers with their reason for existence.Coffee culture plays a part in keeping these city centers flourishing. This is particularly true of Paris whose citizens are famous enthusiastic conversationalists. This skill is developed over

33、 many hours spent chatting over espressos (浓咖啡) and cigarettes.Religion also plays a role in developing sociable atmosphere. People in Roman Catholic countries used to visit the Church on an almost daily basis. Entire communities would gather in the same building and then move out to the markets, ca

34、fs and bars in the surrounding streets. An enormous example of this relationship between church and society is Ithe Duomo/I. The huge marble cathedral in Florence, Italy is surrounded by bakeries and coffee shops, and caters not only to the tourist crowds, but also the local community.（分数：15.00）(1).

35、It can be inferred from the first paragraph that each big city in Europe（分数：3.00）A.has many large squaresB.has many very magnificent sky-scrapersC.draws tourists in large numbers every yearD.has a center where tourists meet their spouses(2).Which statement is NOT true of Covent Garden?（分数：3.00）A.It

36、is crowded with peopleB.It is located in LondonC.It is filled with stallsD.It is surrounded by shops, churches, restaurants and cafs(3).Why do people think that Venice is so great?.（分数：3.00）A.Because it is a famous tourist attractionB.Because you can reach anywhere by boatC.Because it is well-known

37、for its merchantsD.Because all the mistakes have been removed(4).What are Parisians famous for?（分数：3.00）A.Their pursuit of independenceB.Their enthusiasm for conversationC.Their ability to keep the city flourishingD.Their devotion to developing a multiple culture(5).The writer cites Ithe Duomo/I in

38、the last paragraph as an example to illustrate that（分数：3.00）A.there is a tight link between church and societyB.all churches are magnificentC.old churches are very popularD.high-rise churches are impressiveB第二篇/BBMental Retardation (智力迟钝)/BMental retardation is a condition in which people have lower

39、 than normal intelligence and are unable to function at the level expected for their age. People with mental retardation are usually born with it, or it develops early in their life. They may also have some difficulty with daily living skills such as learning to read and write and caring for themsel

40、ves.Doctors and other professionals determine that a person has mental retardation based on their intelligence and how well they can do everyday activities. Intelligence is the ability to learn and understand Levels of intelligence are measured by special tests called intelligence tests. The score a

41、 person gets on one of these tests gives a numerical (数字的) measure of a persons intelligence. This is called an intelligence quotient (智商) or IQ.An average score on an IQ test is about 90 to 110. a person with mental retardation will usually score below 75 on an IQ test.The IQ test alone does not de

42、termine whether someone is mentally retarded a person must also have trouble with everyday activities such as getting dressed, eating, washing, or learning basic reading, writing, and arithmetic skills.Mental retardation is not a disease itself. It cannot be cured and its not contagious (传染的). This

43、condition can be caused by several things that injure the brain or dont allow the brain to develop normally. Many times we dont know why a person has mental retardation.Sometimes it may be caused by genes. Genes are chemical units found in every cell. They carry the instructions telling cells what t

44、o do. Sometimes, children receive abnormal genes from their parents.a defective gene may also develop spontaneously. Neither parent would have passed on the gene, but the gene changes before the baby develops;Some other problems that can cause mental retardation also happen before a child is born. I

45、t is important for the brain to develop properly if a child is to have normal intelligence. “Planning a pregnancy is the most important decision most of us will make in our lifetime. A healthy lifestyle and good medical care should begin before a woman becomes pregnant and continue throughout the pr

46、egnancy,“ says Jodi Rucquoi, a genetic counselor from Connecticut. If a woman abuses alcohol or drugs or doesnt eat well, there is a risk to the developing baby. Also, a premature birth or problems during childbirth can sometimes harm the babys developing brain. IWhile/I premature babies are general

47、ly fine, there is a greater chance that they may have mental retardation.In some cases, a young child can develop mental retardation after being sick with a serious infection or other illness, or after suffering a bad head injury.（分数：15.00）(1).a child can be taken as mentally retarded if he or she（分

48、数：3.00）A.was born prematurelyB.has lower than normal intelligenceC.has low intelligence and low daily living skillsD.has normal intelligence but difficulties in learning(2).a person of high intelligence will probably score（分数：3.00）A.above 110 on an IQ testB.110 on an IQ testC.90 on an IQ testD.below 75 on an IQ test(3).Which of the following is NOT true of mental retardation?（分数：3.00）A.It is not curableB.Its victims are usually born with itC.Its causes are not fully identified yetD.It can spread among family members(4).Which is NOT a possible cause of mental retardation?（分数：3.00）