职称英语卫生类A级-44及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语卫生类 A级-44 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.I have been trying to Uquit/U smoking. A. give up B. pick up C. build up D. take up（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Relief workers were Ushocked/U by what they saw. A. moved B. touched C. surprised D. worried（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The weather

2、is a constant Usubject/U of conversation in Britain. A. question B. problem C. title D. topic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.This is not Utypical/U of English, but is a feature of the Chinese language. A. particular B. characteristic C. remarkable D. idiomatic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.It is Uvirtually/U impossible to p

3、ersuade him to apply for the job. A. simply B. almost C. totally D. completely（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The boys Ubroke/U into excited cheering. A. burst B. blasted C. burned D. blazed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.China does Ua lot of/U trade with many countries. A. a great deal of B. a great many of C. a large numbe

4、r of D. a great level of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.An old friend Ucalled on/U me the day before yesterday. A. telephoned B. rang C. visited D. saw（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.We are going to have the TV Ufixed/U. A. prepared B. mended C. cleaned D. arranged（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.I am heartily Ugrateful/U to your help. A

5、. helpful B. hateful C. delightful D. thankful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The manager Uallocates/U duties to the clerks. A. assigns B. persuades C. asks D. orders（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The once Ubarren/U hillsides are now good farmland. A. hairless B. bare C. empty D. bald（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.It is Upostulated/

6、U that a cure for the disease will have been found by the year 2015. A. challenged B. assumed C. deducted D. decreed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.We must Uabide by/U the rules. A. stick to B. persist in C. safeguard D. apply（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.From my Ustandpoint/U, you know, this thing is just funny. A. posi

7、tion B. point of view C. knowledge D. opinion（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Irradiating FoodIrradiating fruits, vegetables, pork and chicken to kill insects and bacteria has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration over the past decade or so. Irradiation of other meats, such

8、 as beef and lamb, is being reviewed. Federal approval does not require that industry adopt the process, and few food processors presently offer irradiated products.Market studies have shown that many consumers are afraid that eating irradiated foods may cause cancer, despite scientific studies that

9、 prove the safety of treated foods. Some people argue that more severe government inspection, higher food-safety standards, and more careful-preparation practices by consumers are all that is needed to ensure that food is safe. Consequently, companies currently see no need to spend millions of dolla

10、rs outfitting processing plants with the equipment necessary for a process that very few shoppers are in favor of.All supermarkets that sell irradiated food must label the food either directly on the packaging, or, in the case of bulk items like fruits and vegetables, by placing a sign nearby. There

11、 is no requirement for the labeling of irradiated food served by chain restaurants or hospitals that buy directly from distributors, nor any regulations for products that contain irradiated ingredients.Presently, the FDA allows food to be treated with three types of radiationgamma rays, high-energy

12、electrons, and X raysand sets limits on doses, depending on the type of food. The principle is that the dose to be used for a certain type of food should not exceed the amount that is sufficient to kill most harmful insects and bacteria present in it. Different types of food, because of their molecu

13、lar compositions, may require different doses of radiation.（分数：7.00）(1).According to the passage, killing insects and bacteria present in foods by irradiating is not completely approved by the U.S. government. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).There are quite a number of food pr

14、ocessors which are interested in producing irritated foods. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Some consumers are doubtful of the safety of irradiated foods and suggest a more severe government inspection be taken. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Some compa

15、nies foresee the promising future of setting up food processing factories, although they do not see the need now. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It is required that labels placed on irradiated food or nearby bulk items such as vegetables and fruits should indicate irradiated

16、ingredients. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).Restaurants can serve irradiated food bought directly from distributors without labeling it. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).The passage tells us that FDA approves irradiating food to some extent but irradiate

17、d food is not widely accepted. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Organ Donation and Transplantation1. Organ donation (捐献) and transplantation (移植) refers to the process by which organs or tissues from one person are put into another persons body.2. T

18、he number of people needing a transplant continues to rise faster than the number of donors. About 3,700 transplant candidates are added to the national waiting list each month. Each day, about 77 people receive organ transplants. However, about 18 people die each day waiting for transplants that ca

19、nt take place because of the shortage of donated organs.3. There are no age limits on who can be an organ donor. Newborns as well as senior citizens have been organ donors. If you are younger than 18, you must have a parents or guardians consent (同意). If you are 18 years or older, you can show you w

20、ant to be an organ and tissue donor by signing a donor card.4. Many people think that if they agree to donate their organs, the doctor or the emergency room staff wont work as hard to save their life. This is not true. The transplant team is completely separate from the medical staff working to save

21、 your life. The transplant team does not become involved with you until doctors have determined that all possible efforts to save your life have failed.5. If you need an organ transplant, your doctor will help you get on the national waiting list. Your name will become part of a pool of names. When

22、an organ donor becomes available, all the patients in the pool are compared to the donor. Factors such as blood and tissue type, size of the organ, medical urgency (紧急) of the patients illness, time already spent on the waiting list, and distance between donor and recipient (接受者) are considered.A. Q

23、uality of Donated OrganB. Benefits of Organ DonationC. Distribution of Donated OrgansD. Quality of Donor Medical CareE. Age Limits of Organ DonationF. Status of Organ Donation and Transplantation（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项

24、1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).A. donated organs B. the national waiting list C. a donor card D. senior citizens E. all possible efforts F. the most suitable candidate There is a great demand for _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Organ donors range in age from newborns to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Doctors

25、will try their best to save your life even if youve signed _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Various factors are considered when deciding on _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、B第一篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)U.S. Blacks Hard-hit by CancerDeath rates for cancer are falling for all Americans, but black Ameri

26、cans are still more likely to die of cancer than whites, the American Cancer Society said Monday.In a special report on cancer and blacks, the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites, and they are more likely to die of the disease.This could be because of unequal

27、 (不平等的) access to medical care, because blacks are more likely to have other diseases as well, and perhaps because of differences in the biology (生物学) of the cancer itself, the report added.“In general, black Americans have less hope of surviving five years after diagnosis than whites for all cancer

28、 sites and all stages of diagnosis, “the report said.“In describing cancer statistics for black Americans, this report recognizes that many of the differences associated with race may be caused by unfair social and economic differences and unequal access to medical care.“The cancer society said blac

29、ks should be encouraged to get check-ups (体格检查) earlier, when cancer is more treatable, and it said more research is needed to see if biological differences play a role.“The new statistics emphasize the continuing importance of wiping out these unfair social differences through public policy and edu

30、cation efforts,“ the organization said in a statement.But it also noted a drop in cancer death rates. “Cancer death rates in both sexes for all sites combined have dropped greatly among black Americans since 1992, as have incidence rates (发生率),“ said the report.（分数：15.00）(1).Black Americans are more

31、 likely to die of cancer than _. A. people in other countries B. white Americans C. all other Americans D. their ancestors（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which may NOT be a reason for higher cancer death rates among the U.S. blacks? A. Unequal access to medical care. B. Greater probability of having other dise

32、ases. C. Differences in the biology of the cancer. D. Early diagnosis.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Cancer is more treatable if it is detected _. A. in an early stage B. in a late stage C. all of a sudden D. together with other diseases（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Public policy and education efforts may help to do a

33、way with _. A. death rates B. various cancers C. unfair social differences D. biological differences（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Since 1992, cancer death rates among black Americans _. A. have been going up and down B. have remained stable C. have increased D. have fallen（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、B第二篇/B(总题数：1，分数：1

34、5.00)A Desert Between Paul and ClaraPaul had long promised to marry Clara. But at thirty-three he met and married Alice. Clara was driven mad.Paul was taken to court. The judge ordered him to pay Clara $600 because of the broken promise. Paul had to borrow the money from a moneylender. He agreed to

35、pay back $5 a monthfor twenty years. His wages at the time were $16 a month.Paul and Alice were poor but not unhappy. They had little enough food, certainly, even before the children began to arrive. Each month Paul paid $5 to the moneylender. He worked hard, never taking a holiday. In time, there w

36、ere seven mouths to feed.Illness was always with them. It grew serious when the oldest child was eight. The years of hunger weakened the family, because each month Paul paid $5. The details of the sickness were ugly, but the result was this: after twelve years of family life, Paul was alone in the w

37、orld.He lived alone except for memories. Work was not now a god for him: it was a painkiller. Each month he paid, and in time the twenty years ended. From that moment his wages were his own.One day, it was a holiday went to the seaside. He sat down on a seat by the sea. A middle-aged woman came and

38、sat down near him. They recognized each other at once.The woman said, “The $600 has been in the bank since the day it was paid to me. It is now $6,000, and I have kept it for you. Will you let me share it with you?“No,“ said Paul, gently. “Each thousand is a lost life in a desert between us. It can

39、never bring any happiness.“（分数：15.00）(1).Paul was ordered to pay Clara $600 because _. A. he had borrowed $600 from her B. he had broken his word to marry her C. he had promised to give her $600 D. he had spent a lot of her money（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).How many children did Paul and Alice have? A. Two.

40、 B. Four. C. Five. D. Eight.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Twelve years after his marriage, Paul was _. A. poor but not sad B. very sick C. free from debt D. lonely and unhappy（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).After his wife and children died, Paul turned to his work to _. A. ease his pain B. forget his debt C. get pleasu

41、re D. seek friendship（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).When Paul met Clara again 20 years later, he decided _. A. to share the $600 with her B. not to marry her C. to ask back the $600 D. not to refuse her offer（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.七、B第三篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Florence NightingaleFlorence Nightingale was born in Florence

42、, Italy, while her wealthy English parents were traveling in Europe. As a child, she traveled to many places with her family and learned how to speak several languages.When Nightingale was 17, she told her family that she was going to help sick people. Her parents did not approve, but Nightingale wa

43、s determined.She traveled to hospitals all over Europe. She saw that doctors were working too hard. She saw that patients died because they did not get enough care. Nightingale felt that women could be doing more to help doctors take care of sick people.Nightingale knew that in order for nurses to d

44、o more, they needed special training in how to take care of sick people. Nightingale went to a hospital in Germany to study nursing. Then she returned to London and became the head of a group of women called Gentlewomen During Illness. These women cared for sick people in their homes.In 1854, Englan

45、d was fighting a war with Russia. Warreporters wrote about the terrible conditions in the hospitals that cared for the wounded. People demanded that something be done about it. A leader of the government asked Florence Nightingale to take some nurses into the war hospitals. So, in November 1854, Nig

46、htingale finally got to work in a hospital.She took along 38 nurses whom she had trained herself.At first, the doctors on the battlefields did not want Nightingale and her nurses in their hospitals. They did not believe that women could help. But in fact, the nurses did make a difference. They worke

47、d around the clock, tending the sick. Thanks to their hard work, many wounded soldiers survived.After the war, Nightingale and her nurses were treated like heroes. Finally, in 1860, she started the Nightingale School for Nurses. In time, thanks to Florence Nightingale, nursing became an important part of medicine.（分数：15.00）(1).Florence Nightingale was born into a rich _. A. Italian family B. Russian family C. English family D. German family（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Nightingales parents did not approve of her decision _. A. to work as a