职称英语卫生类A级-19及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语卫生类 A 级-19 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.They have the capability to complete the task in a week. A. possibility B. competence C. courage D. mixture（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.You have to make sure that you have chosen a secure solution. A. clear B. secret C. advisable D. saf

2、e（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The man has acquired an important status in this company. A. caught B. attached C. compressed D. obtained（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The boy is too young to discriminate right from wrong. A. infer B. access C. distinguish D. recognize（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The proper procedure contributed to

3、the satisfying outcome. A. result B. assessment C. estimation D. sources（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.I dont know why everything around me is going into confusion. A. consideration B. puzzle C. attraction D. contradiction（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.It will be full of hazards on the way to success. A. hopes B. dangers C

4、. helps D. dreams（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.He strange clothes and make - up really astonished the people at the party. A. attached B. shocked C. attracted D. shifted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.He has become a celebrity because of his wonderful performance in the play. A. director B. actor C. star D. film-maker（分数：1

5、.00）A.B.C.D.10.She was so grateful to him and decided to marry him. A. careful B. useful C. hopeful D. thankful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The little boy employed an unexpected method to get the result. A. adapted B. adopted C. assigned D. appointed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.He is suspicious about her motivation t

6、o attend the party. A. sure B. angry C. doubtful D. worried（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The son was so concerned about the illness of his father. A. serious B. happy C. lucky D. worded（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.I have extreme sense of happiness at this moment. A. hope B. wish C. feeling D. dream（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.

7、I have been trying to give up smoking. A. give off B. put up C. quit D. accept（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)3.Born to be BigIn 2006 scientists at the Harvard School of Public Health reported that the prevalence of obesity (肥胖) in infants under 6 months had risen 73 percent since 1980.

8、 “This epidemic of obese 6 - month - olds,“ as Robert Lustig of the University of California, San Francisco, calls it, poses a problem for conventional explanations of the fattening of America. “Since they re eating only formula (配方奶) or breast milk, and never exactly got a lot of exercise, the obvi

9、ous explanations for obesity dont work for babies,“ he points out. “You have to look beyond the obvious. “The search for the non - obvious has led to an early - life exposure to Paces of chemicals in the environment. Evidence has been steadily accumulating that certain hormone - mimicking pollutants

10、 (污染物质), ubiquitous (到处存在的) in the food chain, have two previously effects. They act on genes in the developing fetus (胎儿) and newborn to turn more precursor (前体) cells into fat cells, which stay with you for life. And they may alter metabolic (新陈代谢的) rate, so that the body saves calories rather tha

11、n burning them. “The evidence now emerging says that being overweight is not just the result of personal choices about what you eat, combined with inactivity,“ says Retha Newbold of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). “ Exposure to environmental chemicals during developm

12、ent may he contributing to the obesity epidemic. “They are not the cause of extra pounds in every person who is overweight but environmental chemicals may well account for a good part of the current epidemic, especially in those under 50.The new thinking about obesity comes at a critical time politi

13、cally. As the debate over health care shines a light on the countrys unsustainable spending on doctors, hospitals, and drugs, the obese make tempting scapegoats (替罪羊). About 60 percent of Americans are overweight or obese, and their health - care costs are higher: $3,400 in annual spending for a nor

14、mal- weight adult versus $ 4,870 for an obese adult, mostly due to their higher levels of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and other conditions. If those outsize costs inspire greater efforts to prevent and treat obesity, fine. But if they lead to demonizing (妖魔化) the obese - caricaturing (画成漫画讽刺) th

15、em as lazy pigs raising insurance premiums (保险费) for the rest of us -that s a problem, and not only for ethical reasons: it threatens to obscure (使不明显) that one potent cause of weight gain may be largely beyond an individuals control.（分数：7.00）(1).There are about 73% more fat infants under 6 months s

16、ince 1980.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Conventional explanations of the fattening of America can also work for obese babies.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Being overweight is not just the result of personal choices about food, but that of fat cells.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.No

17、t mentioned(4).Robert Lustig believes the obesity epidemic is due to the exposure to environmental chemicals during development.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The obese is a particular segment of the population, a segment that doesn t go to movies, cant chew, and was never that much into

18、exercise.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The obese may be blamed for outsize costs such as spending more on doctors, hospitals and drugs.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).There are already many cartoons depicting the obese as lazy pigs raising insurance premiums.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.W

19、rongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00) A. Kripke s research tool B. Dangers of habitual shortages of sleep C. Criticism on Kripke s report D. A way of overcoming insomnia E. Sleep problems of long and short sleepers F. Classification of sleep problems（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1.（分数：1.00

20、）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. fall asleep again. B. become more energetic the following day C. sleep less than 7 hours D. confirm those serious consequences E. suffer sleep problems F. sleep more than 8 hours（分数：4.00

21、）(1).To get a good night s rest, people may not need to 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night, unable to 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).One survey showed that people who habitually 1 each nigh

22、t have a higher risk of dying.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Chocolate to Live For!A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 2003 reported that dark chocolate may lower your blood pressure. Researchers at the University of Cologne studi

23、ed men and women who were recently diagnosed with mild high blood pressure. Half were given 100g (fabout 3.5 ounces) of dark chocolate per day and half were given white chocolate. After only two weeks systolic (收缩的) blood pressure decreased on average by five points and diastolic (以及舒张的) blood press

24、ure by two points in those consuming dark chocolate, but not those consuming white chocolate.In a similar study, researchers from Italy reported in the American Heart Association journal Hypertension that 3.5 ounces of dark chocolate for one week lowered systolic blood pressure by 12 points and dias

25、tolic blood pressure by 8.5 points when blood pressure was monitored continuously for 24 hours. Insulin (胰岛素) sensitivity and LDL cholesterol also improved. No benefits were seen with white chocolate. Another study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology found that chocolate m

26、ay help repair damage to smokers blood vessels, at least temporarily.why? Chocolate increases your body s production of nitric oxide (一氧化氮), a powerful substance that causes your blood vessels to relax and dilate. This, in turn, causes an increase in blood flow and a decrease in blood pressure-like

27、opening a water spigot (水龙头).A study published in July in the Journal of the American Medical Association reported that just 30 calories per day of dark chocolate lowered blood pressure and increased nitric oxide production after 18 weeks.Nitric oxide is also stimulated by drugs such as Viagra and L

28、evitra, which increase blood flow to the penis and enhance erections. This may be one of the reasons why chocolate has had a long reputation as an aphrodisiac (壮阳药). Casanova (卡萨诺瓦) is said to have considered it as his “favorite breakfast dish. “ Chocolate also contains phenylethylamine (苯乙胺), which

29、 research suggests is a stimulant that is released when you re interacting with someone intimately.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following statements is true about the subjects in the 2003 study?（分数：3.00）A.They were all diagnosed with very high blood pressure before they joined the study.B.They were gi

30、ven 100g of dark chocolate every day for two weeks.C.Those who had taken dark chocolate had a decrease of systolic blood pressure.D.All the participants had a decrease of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressur(2).Which of the following is not a benefit of dark chocolate according to all

31、 the studies?（分数：3.00）A.It helps lower both systolic and diastolic blood pressures.B.It helps improve insulin sensitivity and LDL cholesterol.C.It helps repair damage to smokers blood vessels.D.It helps overcome people s low spirits.(3).What is nitric oxide according to the passage?（分数：3.00）A.It is

32、a powerful substance to power the heart.B.It is a substance to cause blood vessels to relax and contract.C.It is a substance flowing from the heart to all over the body.D.It is the substance that controls blood pressur(4).According to a study published in July, 30 calories of dark chocolate lowered

33、blood pressure and increased production of nitric oxide（分数：3.00）A.after two weeks.B.after one week.C.after 10 weeks.D.after 18 weeks.(5).Chocolate has long been considered as an aphrodisiac because（分数：3.00）A.it increases the production of nitric oxide.B.it increases blood flow to the penis and enhan

34、ces eruptions.C.it lowers both systolic and diastolic blood pressures.D.it helps to repair damage to blood vessels in the body.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Marriage Linked With Better SleepMarriage may improve your sleep, and better sleep may improve your marriage, two new studies suggest.Women who are marr

35、ied or who have stable partners appear to sleep better than women who have never married or lost a panner, according to research from an eight - year study presented at the Associated Professional Sleep Societies annual meeting. They also found that marital (婚姻的)happiness lowers the risk of sleep pr

36、oblems, while marital conflict heightens the risk.Although married women overall slept more soundly than unmarried women, the researchers, from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, did identify a “newlywed“ effect. Women who were single at the start of the study but gained a partner had

37、more restless sleep than women who were akeady married. The researchers speculated that newly married women were less adjusted to sleeping with their partner than those who had been married longer.The study included 360 middle - aged African-American, Caucasian and Chinese. American women who had ta

38、ken part in the Study of Women s Health Across the Nation. Researchers used in-home sleep studies, activity monitors to track sleep-wake patterns and relationship histories to look at the effect stable marriages, unstable marriages and marital transitions, such as a divorce, had on sleep.Another sma

39、ll study of 29 couples found that on a daily basis, the quality of a couple s relationship and the quality of their sleep are closely linked.In that study, from the University of Arizona, 29 heterosexual (异性的) couples who shared a bed and did not have children completed sleep and relationship diarie

40、s for a week. The results showed that when men get better sleep, they are more likely to feel positive about their relationship the next day. And for women, problems in the relationship were Strongly associated with poor sleep for both themselves and their partner.“When we look at the data on a day

41、- by - day basis, there seems to be a vicious cycle in which sleep affects next day relationship functioning, and relationship functioning affects the subsequent nights sleep,“ said principal investigator Brant Hasler, a clinical psychology doctoral candidate at the University of Arizona, in a press

42、 release. “In this cycle, conflict with one s partner during the day leads to worse sleep that night, which leads to more conflict the following day. “The data from both studies suggest that sleep and relationship happiness are closely linked. The lesson for couples, especially those who are struggl

43、ing with problems, is that paying attention to sleep habits may help solve other issues in the relationship.（分数：15.00）(1).An eight - year study shows that, compared with women who have never been married or lost a partner, women who are married（分数：3.00）A.sleep better.B.have more sleep problems.C.hav

44、e more restless sleep.D.feel more positively about their lif(2).Researchers used in - home sleep studies, activity monitors to track sleep - wake patterns and relationship histories to（分数：3.00）A.look at the effect different states of marriage had on sleep.B.see how people differed in sleeping patter

45、ns.C.examine people s sleeping states.D.compare the difference between men and women in sleeping patterns.(3).Which of the following is true of the 29 couples in a small study from the University of Arizona?（分数：3.00）A.They had children.B.They slept separately.C.They completed sleep and relationship

46、diaries for a week.D.They didn t have a positive attitude towards their marriag(4).The data from the study show that（分数：3.00）A.sleep and relationship functioning affect each other in a negative way.B.sleep and relationship functioning affect each other in a positive way.C.sleep and relationship func

47、tioning have no relationship with each other.D.sleep and relationship functioning affect each other but not muc(5).It s advisable that couples who are having problems with their relationship should pay attention to（分数：3.00）A.their attitudes towards each other.B.the environment they are living in,C.t

48、heir sleep habits.D.avoidance of sharing a be七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Anti- Alcohol Campaign Tries in RussiaLast week Russian President Dmitry Medvedev kicked off a new anti - alcohol campaign aimed at cutting the nations per capita consumption of alcohol by nearly a quarter by 2012.Russians current

49、ly drink about 18 liters (19 quarts) a year, more than double the 8 liters (8.4 quarts) deemed safe by the World Health Organization (WHO). With each additional liter, adds the WHO, men can subtract 11 months from their average life expectancy.The latest move consists of three parts: a media campaign, restrictions on beer consumption, and strict penalties for s