职称英语卫生类A级-16及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语卫生类 A级-16 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.It is advisable to see a dentist regularly.（分数：1.00）A.frighteningB.terribleC.wiseD.beneficial2.While some office jobs would seem boring to many people, there are quite a few jobs that are stimulating, exciting and satisfying.

2、（分数：1.00）A.hostileB.tediousC.fantasticD.courageous3.After the collision, he examined the considerable wreck to his car.（分数：1.00）A.ruinB.destructionC.damageD.injury4.We had a very awful earthquake here last year.（分数：1.00）A.lightB.terribleC.slightD.obvious5.He hoped the firm would reassign him to the

3、Paris branch.（分数：1.00）A.exchangeB.transmitC.transferD.remove6.You can turn to different kinds of people, dictionaries or maps, to find out what you wish to know.（分数：1.00）A.contactB.consultC.referD.request7.Jack eventually overtook the last truck.（分数：1.00）A.hitB.passedC.reachedD.led8.Writing is a slo

4、w process,requiring plenty of thought, time and effort。（分数：1.00）A.significantB.considerableC.enormousD.numerous9.There is an abundant supply of cheap labor in this country.（分数：1.00）A.a steadyB.a plentifulC.an extraD.a meager10.We also want to use the water to irrigate barren desert land.（分数：1.00）A.h

5、airlessB.bareC.emptyD.smooth11.I am feeling a lot more healthy than I was.（分数：1.00）A.manyB.noC.someD.much12.Louis was asked to name the man who stole her purse.（分数：1.00）A.confirmB.recognizeC.claimD.identify13.He accidentally found a stock of jewelry stamps when he was packing up his books.（分数：1.00）A

6、.by the wayB.by chanceC.by handD.by nature14.Since the Great Depression, the United States government has protected farmers from damaging drops in grain prices.（分数：1.00）A.slightB.surprisingC.suddenD.harmful15.In preparing scientific reports of laboratory experiments,a student should exhibit his find

7、ings in logical order and clear language.（分数：1.00）A.furnishB.proposeC.raiseD.present二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提的正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 Childrens Numerical SkillsPeople appear to be born to compute. The numerical skills of children de

8、velop so early and so inexorably that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth. Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impressive accuracyone knife, one spoon, one fork, for each of the five chairs. Soon they are capable of

9、noting that they have placed five knives, spoons and forks on the table and, a bit later, that this amounts to fifteen pieces of silverware. Having thus mastered addition, they move on to subtraction. It seems almost reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded on a desert island at birth and

10、retrieved seven years later, he or she could enter a second-grade mathematics class without any serious problems of intellectual adjustment.Of course, the truth is not so simple. This century, the work of cognitive psychologists has illuminated the subtle forms of daily learning on which intellectua

11、l progress depends. Children were observed as they slowly graspedor, as the case might be, bumped intoconcepts that adults take for granted, as they refused, for instance, to concede that quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short stout glass into a tall thin one. Psychologists have since dem

12、onstrated that young children, asked to count the pencils in a pile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils, but must be coaxed into finding the total. Such studies have suggested that the rudiments of mathematics are mastered gradually, and with effort. They have also suggested that the v

13、ery concept of abstract numbersthe idea of a oneness, a two ness, a three ness that applies to any class of objects and is a prerequisite for doing anything more mathematically demanding than setting a tableis itself far from innate.（分数：7.00）(1).Children can set table even before they can walk and t

14、alk.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Children almost master addition and subtraction at the same time.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).It is not true that a child exiled on a desert at,birth could enter a second-grade mathematics class without serious problem.

15、（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).Children dont believe that quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short stout glass into a tall thin one.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).Children are more aware of color than number.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not

16、 mentioned(6).According to the passage, peoples concept of number is not innate.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).There is an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding childrens growth.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)下面的短文后有

17、2项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 14 段每段选择 1个最佳标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所的 6个选项中为每个句子确定 1个紧佳选项。Icebergs1 Icebergs are among natures most spectacular (壮观的 ) creations, and yet most people have never seen one. A vague air of mystery envelops them. They come into being-somewhere-in faraway, frigid waters, amid

18、thunderous noise and splashing turbulence, which in most case no one hears or sees. They exist only a short time and then slowly waste away (消融) just as unnoticed.2 Objects of sheerest (最纯粹的) beauty they have been called. Appearing in an endless variety of shapes, they may be dazzlingly white, or th

19、ey may be glassy blue, green or purple, tinted faintly or in darker hues. They are graceful, stately, inspiring-in calm, sunlight seas.3 But they are also called frightening and dangerous, and that they arein the night, in the fog, and in storms. Even in clear weather one is wise to stay a safe dist

20、ance away from them. Most of their bulk is hidden below the water, so their underwater parts may extend out far beyond the visible top. Also, they may roll over unexpectedly, churning the waters around them.4 Icebergs are parts of glaciers that break off, drift into the water, float about awhile, an

21、d finally melt. Icebergs afloat today are made of snowflakes that have fallen over long ages of time. They embody snows that drifted down hundreds, or many thousands, or in some cases maybe a million years ago. The snows fell in polar regions and on cold mountains, where they melted only a little or

22、 not at aft, and so collected to great depths over the years and centuries. As each years snow accumulation lay on the surface, evaporation and melting caused the snowflakes slowly to lose their feathery points and become tiny grains of ice. When new snow fell on top of the old, it too turned to icy

23、 grains. So blankets of snow and ice grains mounted layer upon layer and were of such great thickness that the weight of the upper layers compressed the lower ones. With time and pressure from above, the many small ice grains joined and changed to larger crystals, and eventually the deeper crystals

24、merged into a solid mass of ice.A. Formation of icebergB. Iceberg is beautifulC. Colorof icebergD. Iceberg is dangerousE. Iceberg is mysteriousF. Classification of iceberg（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4_.（分数：

25、1.00）填空项 1:_A. larger than the party above the waterB. stay near the icebergC. melt away just as unnoticedD. larger crystalsE. stay away from icebergF. above the water（分数：4.00）(1).Icebergs exist only a short time and then slowly_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Even in clear weather one is wise to_.（分数：1.00）填空项

26、 1:_(3).The underwater part of an iceberg is_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).With time and pressure from above, the many small ice grains joined and changed to_. and eventually the deeper crystals merged into a solid mass of ice.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题定 1个最佳选项。

27、B第一篇/BHeat and HealthExtremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world. Although hot weather just makes most people hot, it can cause medical problems and death.Health experts say that since the year 1900, extremely hot weather has killed more people in the United States than any other natu

28、ral event. One yearthe unusually hot summer of 1980heat caused about 1,700 deaths in the United States. In 1995, more than 600 people died in a similar heat wave in one cityChicago.To measure extreme heat, government weather experts have developed the Mean Heat Index. It measures the average of how

29、hot it is felt all day on an extremely hot day. Experts say it is the total heat of a hot day or several hot days that can affect health. Several hot days are considered a heat wave. Experts say heat waves often become deadly when the nighttime temperature does not drop much from the highest daytime

30、 temperature.The most common medical problem caused by hot weather is heat stress. Usually, it also is the least severe. For most people, the only result of heat stress is muscle pain. The pain is a warning that the body is becoming too hot. Doctors say drinking water will help the pain disappear af

31、ter the body again has the right amounts of water and salt. For some people, however, the result is much more serious.For example, doctors say some people face a greatly increased danger from heat stress. These people have a weak or damaged heart, high blood pressure, or other problems of the blood

32、system. Severe heat can help cause a heart attack or stroke. Health experts say this is the most common cause of death linked to hot weather.（分数：15.00）(1).How many people died from heat in Chicago in 19957（分数：3.00）A.About 1700.B.Nearly 1900.C.Around 1100.D.Over 600.(2).What can people learn from the

33、 Mean Heat Index?（分数：3.00）A.The average temperature of an extremely hot day.B.The highest temperature of an extremely hot day.C.The lowest temperature of an extremely hot day.D.The nighttime temperature of an extremely hot day.(3).A heat wave is a period of time during which_.（分数：3.00）A.the weather

34、is much better than usualB.the nights are much longer than usualC.the weather is much hotter than usualD.the days are much longer than usual(4).Muscle pain in hot weather means that your body needs_.（分数：3.00）A.more exerciseB.more waterC.less oxygenD.less sugar(5).For people who are in extremely poor

35、 health, heat can be_.（分数：3.00）A.deadlyB.painfulC.helpfulD.stressfulB第二篇/BCigars InsteadSmoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip, tongue, mouth, and throat, according to a government study.Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus, a

36、nd increase the risk of cancer of the larynx (voice box) six fold , say researchers at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland.In addition, the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8 times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of eso

37、phageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers.The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article “Cigars: Health Effects and Trends“. The researchers report that, compared with a cigarette, a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitro

38、samines.“This article provides clear and invalidating information about the disturbing increases in cigar use and the significant public health consequences for the country. “ said Dr. Richard Riausner, director of the National Cancer Institute, in a statement.“The data are clearthe harmful substanc

39、es and carcinogens in cigar smoke, like cigarettes, are associated with the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases. “ he added. “In other words, cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be addictive. “To those individuals who may be thinking abou

40、t smoking cigars, our advice isdont. Tothose currently smoking cigars, quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer, heart and lung disease risks. “ warned Klausner.According to a National Cancer Institute press releases , there havent been any studies on the health effects on nonsmok

41、ers at cigar social events, but “a significant body of evidence clearly demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke. “（分数：15.00）(1).According to the report, smoking three or four cigars a day_.（分数：3.00）A.increases the risk of oral cancer for non-smokers.B.greatly increases the r

42、isk of oral cancer for smokers.C.increases the risk of more than one cancer for non-smokers.D.greatly increases the risk of more than one cancer for smokers.(2).In the passage how many cancers are mentioned in relation to smoking cigars daily?（分数：3.00）A.Six.B.Seven.C.Eight.D.Nine.(3).What is the mai

43、n idea of the article Cigars : Health Effects and Trends“?（分数：3.00）A.When it comes to cancer, cigars are not any safer than cigarettes.B.Cigars may be addictive while cigarettes are not easily so.C.Cigars contain less harmful substances than cigarettes.D.Increase in cigar-smoking does not affect pub

44、lic health much.(4).What is the doctors advice to those cigar-smokers?（分数：3.00）A.To give it up completely.B.To give up part of it.C.Not to think about it any more.D.To cure the diseases first.(5).In the context of this passage, “secondhand smoke“ means_.（分数：3.00）A.smoking bad-quality cigarsB.smoking

45、 very cheap cigarsC.being near cigar smokers when they are not smokingD.being near cigar smokers when they are smokingB第三篇/BOil and EconomyCould the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $ 26 a barr

46、el, up from less than $10 last December. This near,tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlin

47、es warning of gloom and doom this time?The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.Yet there are good reasons to expect

48、the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of c

49、rude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. S