职称英语卫生类A、B、C级综合试卷-42及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语卫生类 A、B、C 级综合试卷-42 及答案解析(总分：100.05，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 6部分：完形填空(总题数：5，分数：100.00)Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is FoundThe World Health Organization estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis. Most times, the infection remains inactive.

2、 But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their (1) . Two million people die (2) it. The disease has (3) with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.Current treatments take at least six months. Patients have to (4) a combination of several

3、antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop (5) they feel better. Doing that can (6) to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how (7) it might be. A professor of international h

4、ealth at Harvard University led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients (8) . It would also mean (9) infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a tw

5、o-month treatment plan. They (10) the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might (11) about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these (12) would take place betwee

6、n two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is. if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.The World Health Organization (13) the DOTS program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take thei

7、r daily pills to make (14) they continue treatment.Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research (15) new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The G

8、lobal Alliance for TB Drug Development says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.（分数：15.00）(1).A. kidneys B. lungs C. bones D. livers（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. with B. without C. of D. out of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. increased B. decreased C. changed D. disappeared（分数：

9、1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. make B. take C. try D. test（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. as if B. as though C. as far as D. as soon as（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. refer B. apply C. lead D. amount（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. effective B. ineffective C. expensive D. inexpensive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. cured B. to cure C. being cu

10、red D. having been cured（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. many B. more C. few D. fewer（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. provided B. introduced C. tested D. tempted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(11).A. bring about B. contributed to C. promote D. prevent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(12).A. increases B. reductions C. creations D. collections（分数：

11、1.00）A.B.C.D.(13).A. developed B. invented C. delayed D. refused（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(14).A. easy B. uneasy C. sure D. unsure（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(15).A. with B. to C. onto D. into（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.A Biological ClockEvery living thing has what scientists call a biological clock that controls behavior. The bi

12、ological clock tells (1) when to form flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells (2) when to leave the protective cocoons and fly away, and it tells animals and human beings when to eat, sleep and wake.Events outside the plant and animal (3) the actions of some biological clocks. Scientists

13、recently found, for example, that a tiny animal changes the color of its fur (4) the number of hours of daylight. In the short (5) of winter, its fur becomes white. The fur becomes gray brown in color in the longer hours of daylight in summer.Inner signals control other biological clocks. German sci

14、entists found that some kind of internal clock seems to order birds to begin their long migration (6) twice each year. Birds (7) flying become restless when it is time for the trip, (8) they become calm again when the time of the flight has ended.Scientists say they are beginning to learn which (9)

15、of the brain contain biological clocks. An American researcher, Martin Moorhead, said a small group of cells near the front of the brain (10) to control the timing of some of our actions. These (11) tell a person when to (12) , when to sleep and when to seek food. Scientists say there probably are o

16、ther biological clock cells that control other body activities.Dr. Moorhead is studying (13) our biological clocks affect the way we do our work. For example, most of us have great difficulty if we must often change to different work hours.(14) can take many days for a human body to accept the major

17、 change in work hours. Dr. Moorhead said industrial officials should have a better understanding of biological clocks and how they affect workers. He said (15) understanding could cut sickness and accidents at work and would help increase a factorys production.（分数：15.00）(1).A. scientists B. humans C

18、. plants D. animals（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. insects B. birds C. fish D. snakes（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. effect B. affect C. effected D. affected（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. because B. for the reason that C because of D. since（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. months B. days C. minutes D. weeks（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. f

19、light B. fly C. movement D. transportation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. prevented from B ordered by C. helped by D. intruded on（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. and B. but C. therefore D. however（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. portions B. parts C. sections D. kinds（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. try B. tries C. seem D. seems（分数：1

20、.00）A.B.C.D.(11).A. things B. parts C. cells D. actions（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(12).A. awaken B. woke C. awakening D. wake-up（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(13).A. how B. why C. where D. what（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(14).A. We B. It C. They D. You（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(15).A. so B. with C. such D. if（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.One Good Reason

21、to Let Smallpox LiveIts now a fair bet that we will never see the total extinction of the smallpox virus. The idea was to cap the glorious achievement of 1980, when smallpox was eradicated in the wild, by destroying the killer virus in the last two labs that are supposed to have it one in the US and

22、 one in Russia. If smallpox had truly gone from the planet, what point was there in keeping these reserves?(1) reality, of course, it was naive to (2) that everyone would let (3) of such a potent potential weapon. Undoubtedly several nations still have (4) vials. (5) the last “official“ stocks of li

23、ve virus bred mistrust of the US and Russia (6) no obvious gain.Now American researchers have (7) an animal model of the human disease, opening the (8) for tests on new treatments and vaccines. So once again theres a good reason to (9) the virus just in (10) the disease puts in a reappearance.How do

24、 we (11) with the mistrust of the US and Russia? (12) . Keep the virus (13) international auspices in a well-guarded UN laboratory thats open to all countries. The US will object, of course, just as it rejects a multilateral approach to just about everything. But it doesnt (14) the idea is wrong. If

25、 the virus (15) useful, then lets make it the servant of all humanity not just a part of it.（分数：15.00）(1).A. In B. On C. At D. For（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. know B. imagine C. realize D. be aware（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. to go B. going C. go D. went（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. much B. more C. most D. a few（分数

26、：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. And B. While C. Whereas D. Although（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. since B. for C. because D. of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. looked for B. sought C. found D. talked about（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. method B. road C. street D. way（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. keep B. put C. destroy D. eradicate（分数：1.00

27、）A.B.C.D.(10).A. need B. case C. necessity D. time（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(11).A. handle B. tackle C. deal D. treat（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(12).A. Difficult B. Hard C. Safe D. Simple（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(13).A. under B. in C. on D. for（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(14).A. say B. mean C. state D. declare（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(15).A. wi

28、ll be B. would be C. is D. are（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Diet, Alcohol Linked to Nearly One Third of CancersDiet is second only to tobacco as a leading (1) of cancer and, along with alcohol, is responsible for nearly one third of cases of the disease (2) developed countries, a leading researcher said on Tuesd

29、ay.Dr. Tim Key, of the University of Oxford, told a cancer conference that scientists are still discovering how certain foods contribute to (3) , but they know that diet, alcohol and obesity (4) a major role.“Five percent of cancers could be avoided (5) nobody was obese, “ he said.While tobacco is l

30、inked to about 30 (6) of cancer cases, diet is involved in an estimated 25 percent and alcohol (7) about six percent.Obesity raises the (8) of breast, womb, bowel and kidney cancer, while alcohol is known to cause cancers of the mouth, throat and liver. Its dangerous impact is (9) when combined with

31、 smoking.Key told the meeting of the charity Cancer Research UK (10) other elements of diet linked to cancer are (11) unknown but scientists are hoping that the EPIC study, which is comparing the diets of 500,000 people in 10 countries and their risk of cancer, will provide some (12) .Early results

32、of the study have revealed that Norway, Sweden and Denmark have the (13) consumption of fruit and vegetables among European countries while Italy and Spain have the highest. Eating at (14) five portions of fruit and vegetables a day is recommended to reduce the risk of cancer.Key, principal scientis

33、t on the EPIC study, said it is looking at dietary links to some of the most common cancers (15) colorectal, breast and prostate.（分数：25.05）(1).A. course B. cause C. court D. reason（分数：1.67）A.B.C.D.(2).A. on B. up C. in D. down（分数：1.67）A.B.C.D.(3).A. cancer B. health C. disease D. man（分数：1.67）A.B.C.D

34、.(4).A. dance B. turn C. take D. play（分数：1.67）A.B.C.D.(5).A. while B. if C. unless D. since（分数：1.67）A.B.C.D.(6).A. percent B. countries C. people D. number（分数：1.67）A.B.C.D.(7).A. at B. in C. of D. for（分数：1.67）A.B.C.D.(8).A. risk B. degree C. presence D. place（分数：1.67）A.B.C.D.(9).A. reduced B. increa

35、sed C. mysterious D. seen（分数：1.67）A.B.C.D.(10).A. whether B. why C. that D. if（分数：1.67）A.B.C.D.(11).A. still B. also C. although D. however（分数：1.67）A.B.C.D.(12).A. decisions B. questions C. answers D. needs（分数：1.67）A.B.C.D.(13).A. lowest B. enough C. daily D. perfect（分数：1.67）A.B.C.D.(14).A. home B.

36、most C. least D. best（分数：1.67）A.B.C.D.(15).A. causing B. including C. illustrating D. defining（分数：1.67）A.B.C.D.Men Too May Suffer from Domestic ViolenceNearly three in 10 men have experienced violence at the hands of an intimate partner during their lifetimes, according to one of the few studies to

37、look (1) domestic violence and health among men.“Many men actually do experience domestic violence, although we dont hear about it (2) , “ Dr. Robert J. Reid of the University of Washington in Seattle, one of the studys authors, told Reuters Health. “They often dont tell (3) we dont ask. We want to

38、get the message out to men who (4) experience domestic violence that they are not alone and there are resources available to (5) . “The researchers asked study participants about physical abuse and non-physical (6) , such as threats that made them (7) for their safety, controlling behavior (for exam

39、ple, being told who they could associate with and where they could go), and constant name-calling.Among men 18 to 54 years old, 14.2 percent said they had experienced intimate partner (8) in the past five years, while 6.1 percent reported domestic violence in the previous year.Rates were lower for m

40、en 55 and (9) , with 5.3 percent reporting violence in the past five years and 2.4 percent having experienced it in the past 12 months.Overall, 30.5 percent of men younger than 55 and 26.5 percent of older men said they had been victims of (10) violence at some point in their lives. About half of th

41、e violence the men (11) was physical.However, the physical violence men reported wasnt as harsh as (12) suffered by women in a previous study; 20 percent to 40 percent of the men rated it as severe, compared to 61 percent of (13) .Men who reported experiencing domestic violence had more emotional an

42、d mental health problems (14) those who had not, especially older men, the (15) found.（分数：30.00）(1).A. by B. at C. on D. for（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. never B. often C. ever D. now（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. and B. but C. yet D. unless（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. to B. no C. do D. go（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. us B

43、. him C. you D. them（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. strength B. labor C. abuse D. exercise（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. hope B. fear C. wait D. look（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. violence B. attitude C. friendship D. stress（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. younger B. junior C. senior D. older（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. normal B. nec

44、essary C. domestic D. foreign（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(11).A. enjoyed B. experienced C. performed D. committed（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(12).A. this B. those C. that D. one（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(13).A. women B. people C. adults D. children（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(14).A. from B. than C. except D. despite（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(15).A.

45、victims B. participants C. researchers D. partners（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.职称英语卫生类 A、B、C 级综合试卷-42 答案解析(总分：100.05，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 6部分：完形填空(总题数：5，分数：100.00)Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is FoundThe World Health Organization estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria th

46、at cause tuberculosis. Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their (1) . Two million people die (2) it. The disease has (3) with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.Current treatments take a

47、t least six months. Patients have to (4) a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop (5) they feel better. Doing that can (6) to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study

48、estimates just how (7) it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients (8) . It would also mean (9) infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.The researc

49、hers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They (10) the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might (11) about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these (12) would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is. if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.The World Health Organization (13) the DOTS program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Obs