职称英语卫生类A、B、C级综合试卷-24及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语卫生类 A、B、C 级综合试卷-24 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Many of Edith Whartons best stories were completed under great personal strain. A. poverty B. privacy C. resentment D. tension（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.It is easy to misjudge the strength of the wind. A. force B. direction C.

2、temperature D. effect（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Most animal fats are saturated, containing more hydrogen than carbon, and do not spoil as easily as unsaturated fats. A. melt B. get used up C. go bad D. liquify（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.My aunt said that she couldnt stand being kept waiting. A. represent B. crumble

3、C. tolerate D. put out（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Even with detailed knowledge about an area, geologists cannot easily locate stores of underground natural gas. A. varieties B. maps C. supplies D. shops（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.A whale sharks body is stout but streamlined, like that of a whale. A. tough B. brightly

4、 spotted C. striped D. smoothly shaped（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.United States Navy Admiral Alfred Mahan wrote many books on naval strategy and sea power. A. tactics B. history C. battles D. armaments（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The trumpet was part of the opera orchestra long before it became a standard orchestral i

5、nstrument. A. major B. tuneful C. desirable D. regular（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Recent studies have shown that the stature of male Americans has scarcely changed in the past two hundred years. A. weight B. height C. life span D. head size（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.It has taken many years to adopt internationally

6、recognized standards for the licensing of aircraft pilots. A. data B. criteria C. committees D. flags（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.It is understandable that early civilizations blamed storms on the gods. A. bad weather B. unsuccessful harvests C. illness D. warfare（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Emily Greene Balchs stead

7、fast labor for freedom and for cooperation among individuals and peoples brought her the Nobel Peace Prize in 1946. A. unwavering B. accelerated C. uninhibited D. aggressive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The osprey flies above the water and when it spots a fish it swoops down to catch it. A. drops B. sees C. w

8、ants D. selects（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Before the first Apollo rocket went to the Moon, a spot for landing the lunar module was carefully chosen. A. climate B. latitude C. sea D. location（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The amount of time spent watching television in the average household in the United States has ri

9、sen steadily since television sets were introduced in the 1950s. A. discreetly B. consistently C. automatically D. disproportionately（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Engineering EthicsEngineering ethics is attracting increasing interest in engineering universities throughout the nation, a

10、t Texas AM University, evidence of this interest in professional ethics culminated in the creation of a new course in engineering ethics, as well as a project funded by the National Science Foundation to develop material for introducing ethical issues into required undergraduate engineering courses.

11、 A small group of faculty and administrators actively supported the growing effort at Texas A.M, yet this group must now expand to meet the needs of increasing numbers of students wishing to learn more about the value implications of their actions as professional engineers.The increasing concern for

12、 the value dimension of engineering is, at least in part, a result of the attention that the media has given to cases such as the Challenger disaster, the Kansas City Hyatt-Regency Hotel walkways collapse, and the Exxon oil spill. As a response to this concern, a new discipline, engineering ethics,

13、is emerging. This discipline will doubtless take its place alongside such well-established fields as medical ethics, business ethics, and legal ethics.The problem presented by this development is that most engineering professors are not prepared to introduce literature in engineering ethics into the

14、ir classrooms. They are most comfortable with quantitative concepts and often do not believe they are qualified to lead class discussions on ethics. Many engineering faculty members do not think that they have the time in an already overcrowded syllabus to introduce discussions on professional ethic

15、s, or the time in their own schedules to prepare the necessary material. Hopefully, the resources presented herein will be of assistance.（分数：7.00）(1).Engineering ethics a compulsory in every institute of science and technology in the United States.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The number

16、 of students wishing to take the course of engineering ethics is declining at Texas A M University.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The National Science Foundation involves itself directly in writing up material about ethical issues.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).It seems that me

17、dical ethics and business ethics are more mature than engineering ethics.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Several engineering professors have quit from teaching to protest against the creation of a few course in engineering ethics.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Many engineering p

18、rofessors may not have time to prepare material for class discussion on professional ethics.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).It is likely that following this introductory passage, the author will provide the necessary material related to the topic of engineering ethics.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.Wro

19、ngC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00) A. Langmir and Schaefers work for the GE Company B. Langmir and Schaefers discovery of rain-forming C. Mens knowledge of rain-formingE. Schaefers discovery by accident D. Schaefers several unsuccessful experimentsF. Langmir and Schaefers successful c

20、ooperation（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. imaginatively B. recently C. carefully D. unscientifically E. accidentally F. satisfactorily（分数：4.00）(1).In ancient times, rainmakers tried to ma

21、ke rain for dry lands, but 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Schaefer found a way of how to make ice crystals 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Schaefer successfully made a field experiment on rainmaking after planning 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Man did not succeed in making rain until quite 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0

22、，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Preserve the EnvironmentThroughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life.With the tools of technology he has altered many physical features of the earth. He has transformed woodlands into farmland, and made lakes and reserv

23、oirs out of rivers for irrigation purposes or hydroelectric power. Man has also modified the face of the earth by draining marshes and cutting through mountains to build roads and railways.However, mans changes to the physical environment have not always had beneficial results. Today, pollution of t

24、he air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet. Each day thousands of tons of gases come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles; smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding areas of countryside. The air in cities is becoming increasingly unh

25、ealthy.The pollution of water is equally harmful. In the sea, pollution from oil is increasing and is killing enormous numbers of algae(水藻), fish and birds. The whole ecological balance of the sea is being changed. The same problem exists in rivers. Industrial wastes have already made many rivers li

26、feless.Conservationists believe that it is now necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to survive on earth.（分数：15.00）(1).Man has changed his physical environment with a view to _.（分数：3.00）A.altering the physical features of the earthB.modifying the face of the planetC.improving

27、his surroundingsD.bettering his way of life(2).According to the passage, pollution of the air and water is caused by _.（分数：3.00）A.thousands of tons of gases coming out of the exhausts of motor vehiclesB.the changes of the environment that technology has brought to manC.the increasing amount of oil t

28、hat has been producedD.industrial wastes discharged into rivers(3).The ecological balance of the sea is lost when _（分数：3.00）A.people consume more fish than they used toB.the ecological balance of the river is lostC.large numbers of algae, fish and birds are killedD.the production of marine petroleum

29、 is increased(4).Who would most probably disagree with conservationists? _（分数：3.00）A.Industrialists.B.Ecologists.C.Businessmen.D.Environmentalists.(5).The purpose of the writer is _.（分数：3.00）A.to reduce modern technologyB.to improve mans way of lifeC.to warn people not to change the natural environm

30、entD.to call attention to the protection of the natural environment六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)American Marriage and FamilyMore surprising, perhaps, than the current difficulties of traditional marriage is the fact that marriage itself is alive and thriving. As Skolnick notes, Americans are a marrying peop

31、le: relative to Europeans, more of us marry and we marry at a younger age. Moreover, after a decline in the early 1970s, the rate of marriage in the United States is now increasing. Even the divorce rate need to be taken in this pro marriage context: some 80 percent of divorced individuals remarry.

32、Thus marriage remains, by far, the preferred way of life for the vast majority of people in our society.What has changed more than marriage is the nuclear family. Twenty-five years ago, the typical American family consisted of a husband, a wife, and two or three children. Now, there are many marriag

33、es in which couples have decided not to have any children. And there are many marriages where at least some of the children are from the wifes previous marriages, of the husbands, or both. Sometimes these children spend all of their time with one parent from the former marriage; sometimes they are s

34、hared between the two former spouses(配偶).Thus, one can find every type of family arrangement. There are marriages without children; marriages with children from only the present marriage; marriages with “full-time“ children from both the present and former marriages; marriages with “full-time“ child

35、ren from the present marriage and “part-time“ children from former marriages. There are stepfathers, stepmothers, half-brothers, and half-sisters. It is not all that unusual for a child to have four parents and grandparents! These are enormous changes from the traditional nuclear family. But even so

36、, even in the midst of all this, there remains one constant: most Americans spend most of their adult life married.（分数：15.00）(1).By calling Americans marrying people the author means that _.（分数：3.00）A.Americans are more traditional than EuropeansB.Americans expect more out of marriage than Europeans

37、C.there are more married couples in the U. S than in EuropeD.more of Americans, as compared with Europeans, prefer marriage and they accept it at a younger ag(2).Divorced Americans _.（分数：3.00）A.will most likely remarryB.prefer the way they liveC.have lost faith in marriageD.are the vast majority of

38、people in the society(3).Which of the following can be presented as the picture of todays American families? _（分数：3.00）A.A typical American family consists of only a husband and a wife.B.Many types of family arrangements have become socially acceptable.C.Americans prefer to have more kids than befor

39、e.D.There are no nuclear families any mor(4).“Part-time“ children _.（分数：3.00）A.spend some of their time with their half brothers and some of their time with their half sistersB.spend all of their time with one parent from previous marriageC.are shared between the two former spousesD.cannot stay with

40、 “full-time“ children(5).Even though great changes have taken place in the structure of American families, _（分数：3.00）A.the functions of marriage remain unchangedB.the vast majority of Americans still have faith in marriageC.most Americans prefer a second marriageD.all of the above七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.0

41、0)Silent and DeadlyTransient ischemic attacks(TIAS), or ministrokes, result from temporary interruptions of blood flow to the brain. Unlike full strokes, they present symptoms lasting anywhere from a few seconds to 24 hours. Rarely do they cause permanent neurological damage, but they are often prec

42、ursors of a major stroke.“Our message is quite clear, “says Dr. Robert Adams, professor of neurology at the Medical College of Georgia in August. “TIAS, while less severe than strokes in the short term, are quite dangerous and need a quick diagnosis and treatment as well as appropriate follow-up to

43、prevent future injury. “Unfortunately, ministrokes are greatly underdiagnosed. A study conducted for the National Stroke Association indicates that 2.5 of all adults aged 18 or older(about 4.9 million people in the U.S.)have experienced a confirmed TIA. An additional 1.2 million Americans over the a

44、ge of 45, the study showed, have most likely suffered a ministroke without realizing it. These findings suggest that if the public knew how to spot the symptoms of stroke, especially ministrokes ,and sought prompt medical treatment, thousands of lives could be saved and major disability could be avo

45、ided.The problem is that the symptoms of a ministroke are often subtle and passing. Nonetheless, there are signs you can look out for:Numbness or weakness in the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body.Trouble seeing in one or both eyes.Confusion and difficulty speaking or understanding

46、.Difficulty walking, dizziness or loss of coordination.Severe headache with no known cause.Along with these symptoms, researchers have identified some key indicators that increase your chances of having a full-blown stroke after a TIA: if youre over 60, have experienced symptoms lasting longer than

47、10 minutes, feel weak and have a history of diabetes.As with many diseases, you can help yourself by changing your lifestyle. The first things you should do are quit smoking, limit your intake of alcohol to no more than a drink or two a day and increase your physical activity. Even those who suffer

48、from high blood pressure or diabetes can improve their oddsand minimize complications if they do have a strokeby keeping their illness under control.If you experience any of the symptoms, your first call should be to your doctor. It could be the call that saves your life.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the f

49、ollowing is NOT true of ministrokes? _（分数：3.00）A.The cause of them remains unidentified.B.They seldom cause permanent neurological damage.C.They symptoms of them are often passing.D.They are not unrelated to major strokes.(2).To prevent ministrokes from turning into major strokes, it is important to _（分数：3.00