职称英语卫生类A、B、C级综合试卷-18及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语卫生类 A、B、C 级综合试卷-18 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The story was touching.（分数：1.00）A.inspiringB.boringC.movingD.frightening2.His claims seem credible to many people.（分数：1.00）A.workableB.convincingC.practicalD.reliable3.The standards set four years ago in Seoul will

2、be far below the athletes capabilities now.（分数：1.00）A.capacitiesB.strengthsC.possibilitiesD.abilities4.I wasnt qualified for the job really but I got it anyhow.（分数：1.00）A.besidesB.anywayC.wellD.anymore5.From my standpoint, you know, this thing is just ridiculous.（分数：1.00）A.positionB.point of viewC.k

3、nowledgeD.opinion6.Jack is a diligent worker.（分数：1.00）A.ambitiousB.lazyC.hardworkingD.clever7.The army should have operated in conjunction with the fleet to raid the enemys coast.（分数：1.00）A.togetherB.in successionC.in allianceD.in connection8.These old buildings are gorgeous.（分数：1.00）A.ridiculousB.l

4、ovelyC.magnificentD.peculiar9.The powers of the European Commission to regulate competition in the Community are increasing.（分数：1.00）A.fightB.abolishC.removeD.control10.Their interpretation was faulty.（分数：1.00）A.wrongB.ambiguousC.unclearD.unbelievable11.They scattered after dinner.（分数：1.00）A.separat

5、edB.fledC.departedD.spread12.Society is now much more diverse than ever before.（分数：1.00）A.colorfulB.attractiveC.flexibleD.varied13.He achieved success through hard work.（分数：1.00）A.reachedB.reapedC.attainedD.took14.Contact your doctor if the cough persists.（分数：1.00）A.insistsB.perseveresC.continuesD.r

6、esists15.They have been living under the most appalling conditions for two years.（分数：1.00）A.dreadfulB.badC.unpleasantD.poor二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。BDangers Await Babies with Altitude/BWomen who live in the worlds highest communities tend to give birth to

7、 under-weight babies, a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average, But it wasnt clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because

8、their mothers are under-nourished many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.To find out more, Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998. The babies were born in both rich

9、 and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz. La Paz is the highest city in the world, at 3.65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, at 0.44 kilometers.Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cru

10、z. This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz. “We were very surprised by this result,“ says Giussani.The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are depriv

11、ed of oxygen before birth. “This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child,“ says Giussani.His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies. This is probably because a fetus starved of ox

12、ygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body.Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life. People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood, for example. Low birthweight is a risk factor for coronary hea

13、rt disease. And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.（分数：7.00）(1).According to the passage, one of the reasons why newborns in mountain communities are underweight is that their mothers are underweight.（分数：1.00）

14、A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Giussanis team members are all British researchers and professors from Cambridge University.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).Giussani did not expect to find that the weight of a baby had little to do with the financial conditions of the

15、 family he was born into.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).The weight of a newborn has to do with the supply of oxygen even when he was still in his mothers womb.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).High-altitude babies have heads that are larger than their bodies.

16、（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).High-altitude babies have longer but thinner limbs than average.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).Giussani has arrived at the conclusion that babies in high-altitude regions are more likely to have heart trouble when they grow u

17、p.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 25 段每段选择 1 个正确的小标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。BChina Seeks Donors to Narrow Bone Marrow Gap/B1 China has launched a campaign to recruit more bone mar

18、row donors, amid a shortage of funds as well as of sibling donors who could help the growing number of patients in need of lifesaving transplants, state media reported on Monday.2 The Chinese Red Cross began the national campaign over the weekend to find donors for some 4 million patients suffering

19、from leukaemia, thalassaemia and other blood diseases and awaiting bone marrow transplants, the official China Daily said. Every year China has 40,000 new leukaemia patients, most of them under 35 and 50 percent of them children, the newspaper said. Other reports have linked Chinas growing childhood

20、 leukaemia to solvents and building materials used in interior decoration.3 With a tiny pool of bone marrow donors, weakened by the absence of sibling donors for most children because of Chinas one-child policy, doctors rely on donors from Taiwan to save many young leukaemia patients, the Beijing Ev

21、ening News said last weekend. Taiwan, with a population of 22 million, has 210,000 registered donors compared with fewer than 30,000 donors among mainland Chinas 1.3 billion people, the newspaper said.4 Yet the lack of registered donors may reflect a lack of funding for testing and recording data on

22、 potential donors rather than a lack of volunteers, the newspaper said. China needs a pool of at 1east 100,000 donors but testing them would cost more than 50 million yuan, it said.5 The Hong Kong Marrow Match Foundation said it has helped “a handful“ of patients in Beijing, Shanghai and other citie

23、s. “The number of requests is increasing“ from mainland China, including direct calls to the charity from desperate patients or relatives, said the foundations donor coordinator Marven Chin. But the cost of extracting bone marrow from one of the foundations 40,000 registered donors and flying it by

24、courier has to be borne by the patients, and many of them have to be aided financially, Chin said.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _ A Urgent Need for Both Donors and Funds B Shortage of Donors C Desperate Leukaemia Patients D Seriousness of the Current Situation E Shortage of Funds F Comparison Between Mai

25、nland and Hong Kong and Taiwan（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).It seems that many of the recipients are not rich enough _. A about one percent of the total population B to be responsible for childhood leukaemia C a

26、n urgent and tough task to be accomplished D less than one third of the minimum E an expensive cost to be paid F to afford the cost of bone marrow transplantation（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).At present the number of bone marrow donors in mainland China is _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Some solvents and building mate

27、rials are considered _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Obviously, recruiting voluntary bone marrow donors in mainland China is _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每题后面有 4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题。B第一篇/BBDrug Reactions m a Major Cause of Death/BAdverse drug reactions may cause

28、 the deaths of over 100,000 US hospital patients each year, making them a leading cause of death nationwide, according to a report in the Journal of the American Medical Association.“The incidence of serious and fatal adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in US hospitals was found to be extremely high,“ say

29、 researchers at the University of Toronto in Ontario, Canada.They carried on an analysis of 39 ADR-related studies at US hospitals over the past 30 years and defined an ADR as “any harmful, unintended, and undesired effect of a drag which occurs at doses used in humans for prevention, diagnosis, or

30、therapy.“An average 6.7% of all hospitalized patients experience an ADR every year, according to the researchers. They estimate that “in 1994, overall 2,216,000 hospitalized patients had serious ADRs, and 106,000 had fatal ADRs.“ This means that ADRs may rank as the fourth single largest cause of de

31、ath in America.And these incidence figures are probably conservative, the researchers add, since their ADR definition did not include outcomes linked to problems in drug administration, overdoses, drug abuse, and therapeutic failures.The control of ADRs also means spending more money. One US study e

32、stimated the overall cost of treating ADRs at up to $4 billion per year.Dr. David Bates of Brigham and Womens Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, believes that healthcare workers need to pay more attention to the problem, especially since many ADRs are easily preventable. “When a patient develops an

33、allergy or sensitivity, it is often not recorded,“ Bates notes, “and patients receive drugs to which they have known allergies or sensitivities with disturbing frequency.“ He believes computerized surveillance systems still works-in-progress at many of the nations hospitals should help cut down the

34、frequency of these types of errors.（分数：15.00）(1).Researchers at the University of Toronto believe that（分数：3.00）A.ADRs have caused medical problems, though they seldom lead to death.B.ADRs have very often caused patients to die in Canada.C.ADRs have caused many deaths in America over the past 30 year

35、s.D.it is easy to prevent ADRs from happening.(2).The investigators say that（分数：3.00）A.67 patients out of 100 in every American hospital die from ADRs each year.B.67 patients out of 100 in every American hospital experience an ADR each year.C.6.7% of all hospitalized patients in America experience A

36、DRs each year on average.D.6.7% of all hospitalized patients in Canada experience ADRs each year on average.(3).An American research estimates that the total sum of money spent in treating ADRs each year is as much as（分数：3.00）A.$40,000,000,000.B.$4,000,000,000.C.$400,000,000.D.$40,000,000.(4).The Ca

37、nadian investigators think that the ADR incidence figures from their research（分数：3.00）A.are surely very exact.B.are probably higher than the real amount.C.are perhaps less than the real amount.D.are probably groundless.(5).According to Dr. David Bates, hospitals in America（分数：3.00）A.are not paying e

38、nough attention to possibilities of ADR happenings.B.have never tried to use computers to prevent ADRs from happening.C.do not use those drugs which will cause side effects to their patients.D.know that many ADRs are easily preventable.B第二篇/BBDreams/BStudies show that in dreams things are seen and h

39、eard rather than thought. In terms of the senses, visual experience is present in almost all dreams; auditory experience in 40 to 50 percent; and touch, taste, smell, and pain in a relatively small percentage. A considerable amount of emotion is commonly present, usually a pure and single emotion su

40、ch as fear, anger, or joyTwo clearly distinguishable states of sleep exist. The first state, called NREM-sleep (non-rapid-eye-movement sleep), occupies most of the sleep period and is associated with a relatively low pulse and blood pressure, and few or no reports of dreaming. The second type of sle

41、ep, known as REM-sleep (rapid-eye-movement sleep) occurs cyclically during the sleep period with rapid eye movements and frequent dream reports. Typically, a person has four or five periods of REM-sleep during the night, whether the dreams are remembered often, rarely, or not at all; they occur at i

42、ntervals of about 90 minutes and altogether make up about 25 percent of the nights sleep (as much as 50 percent in a newborn child). Evidence indicates that a dream period usually lasts from 5 to 20 minutes. Sounds and touches working on a dreamer can go into a dream if they occur during a REM-perio

43、d. Although mental activity may be reported during NREM-sleep, these are usually short pieces of thoughtlike experiences.Modern dream research has focused on two general interpretations of dream content. In one view, dreams have no meaning of their own but are simply a process by which the brain int

44、egrates new information into memories. In the other view, dreams contain real meaning symbolized in a picture language distinct from conscious logical thought. If dreams express important wishes, fears, concerns, and worries of the dreamer, the study and analysis of dreams can help reveal previously

45、 unknown aspects of a persons mental functioning.（分数：15.00）(1).There axe in general two opinions about what we experience in a dream:（分数：3.00）A.one, we “see“ our dreams, and two, we “think“ our dreams.B.one, we are happy, and two, we are angry.C.one, dreams put new information into our memories, and

46、 two, dreams have real meanings in pictures different from our logical thinking.D.we have pictures in dreams because one, we have slow eye movements, and two, we have rapid eye movements.(2).According to this article, we（分数：3.00）A.often think seriously when we are dreaming.B.hardly ever hear music w

47、hen we are dreaming.C.very often feel something tastes good when we are dreaming.D.almost always see different “pictures“ when we are dreaming.(3).In your dreams, you（分数：3.00）A.very often feel happy and unhappy at the same time.B.always feel that you are afraid of somebody.C.seldom feel fear now and

48、 joy later.D.only feel anger.(4).This essay tells us that（分数：3.00）A.people usually dream in a NREM sleep.B.people usually dream in an REM sleep.C.people always remember what they have dreamed in an REM sleep.D.people may have an REM sleep all night through.(5).Based on what is discussed in this writ

49、ing, an adult may have at most about _ of the time of his or her sleep dreaming.（分数：3.00）A.90%B.50%C.25%D.20%B第三篇/BBWarm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay/BStaying positive through the cold season could be your best defense against getting ill, new study findings suggest. In an experiment that expose