职称英语卫生类A、B、C级综合试卷-15及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语卫生类 A、B、C 级综合试卷-15 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Data from Voyager II have presented astronomers with a puzzle about why our outermost planet exists.（分数：1.00）A.problemB.mysteryC.questionD.point2.The telephone system is no longer operative.（分数：1.00）A.runningB.movin

2、gC.rotatingD.working3.This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a small town in the South.（分数：1.00）A.describesB.drawsC.writesD.introduces4.The parents have to restrain their daughter from running out into the street.（分数：1.00）A.disallowB.reduceC.preventD.confine5.After supper we usually take a strol

3、l around the park for about an hour.（分数：1.00）A.walkB.restC.bathD.breath6.When Jack eventually overtook the last truck he pulled over to the inside lane.（分数：1.00）A.skippedB.passedC.reachedD.led7.Thick clouds obscured the stars from view.（分数：1.00）A.darkenedB.heldC.blackenedD.prevent8.Hundreds of build

4、ings were wrecked by the earthquake.（分数：1.00）A.shakenB.fallenC.damagedD.trembled9.Why cant you stop your eternal complaining!（分数：1.00）A.everlastingB.longC.monotonousD.lengthy10.The scientists began to accumulate a huge mass of data.（分数：1.00）A.build upB.put upC.make upD.clear up11.The latest car mode

5、l embodies many new improvements.（分数：1.00）A.consists ofB.includesC.makes upD.marks12.Because of the popularity of the region, it is advisable to book hotels in advance.（分数：1.00）A.possibleB.profitableC.easyD.wise13.With immense relief, I stopped running.（分数：1.00）A.muchB.enormousC.littleD.extensive14.

6、He rolled up his trouser leg to exhibit his wounded knee.（分数：1.00）A.spreadB.openC.showD.examine15.The discovery was sensational.（分数：1.00）A.sexyB.surprisingC.exceptionalD.exciting二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。B Privacy Worry May Keep HIV Patients from Therapy/B

7、Patients infected with HIV are often concerned about the confidentiality of their HIV-positive status. In fact, some patients are so worried that they will actually give up treatment to prevent the release of this information, according to a report published in the August issue of AIDS Care.Dr. Kath

8、ryn Whetten-Goldstein and colleagues from Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, studied the confidentiality issues of 15 HIV-infected patients from rural North Carolina locations. They were divided into groups designed to explore their attitudes toward, and experiences with, breaches in confident

9、iality.“The fear of a breach in confidentiality is definitely affecting the care that HIV-infected patients receive,“ Whetten-Goldstein said. “Most studied patients had experienced or knew someone who had experienced a breach in confidentiality.“Two types of breaches occurred,“ Whetten-Goldstein not

10、ed. “The first was a more obvious type of breach. One example was a nurse who told her child that her patient was HIV-positive out of concern that her child would play with the patients child.“The other type of breach was more subtle, one that providers might not consider breaches,“ Whetten-Goldstei

11、n explained. “This type of breach involves providers talking about a patients HIV status without the patients knowledge of the interaction.“The law allows the sharing of information between providers within the same institution, but patients consent must be obtained before providers at different ins

12、titutions can share information,“ she pointed out.“Patients in the study wanted providers to tell them when they are going to share information with other providers and why it is being done,“ Whetten-Goldstein said. “They also felt that providers should be punished when a breach occurs.“However, bec

13、ause patients are often reluctant to seek legal action which may further expose their status, they felt that the system should regulate itself,“ she added.（分数：7.00）(1).All patients in the study refuse to receive any treatment because of the possibility to expose their HIV status.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right

14、B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Worry about breaches in confidentiality of the HIV status has nothing to do with the curative effects on patients.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).Medical workers of an institution cannot freely provide their HIV-patients information to those of o

15、ther institutions.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).Whether a HIV-infected patient agrees to other (not his) medical workers sharing the information about his HIV status is one of the rights given by the constitution.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).Most patien

16、ts in the study strongly object to the breaches in the confidentiality of their HIV status.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).Quite a few patients will firmly defend their own right if such a breach occurs.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).Breaches in confidentia

17、lity are common in medical circles all over the world.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 25 段每段选择 1 个正确的小标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。B Pregnant Women Warned About ACE Inhibitor/BSome o

18、f the most commonly used medicines for high blood pressure are drugs called ACE inhibitors. Doctors have given these drugs to patients for twenty-five years. A government study in the United States found that the use almost doubled between 1995 and 2000.Doctors have known for years that women should

19、 not take ACE inhibitors during the last six months of pregnancy. The medicine can injure the baby. ACE inhibitors, though, have been considered safe when taken during the first three months. But a new study has found that women who take these drugs early in their pregnancy still increase the risk o

20、f birth disorders. The study shows that, compared to others, their babies were almost three times as likely to be born with major problems. These included problems with the formation of the brain and nervous system and holes in the heart.The researchers say they found no increased risk in women who

21、took other blood pressure medicines during the first three months. Researchers at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and Boston University did the study. The New England Journal of Medicine4 published the results. The researchers studied the records of almost thirty thousand births between 1985 and

22、2000. Two hundred nine babies were born to women who took ACE inhibitors during the first three months of their pregnancies. Eighteen of the babies, or almost nine percent, had major disorders.ACE inhibitors are often given to patients with diabetes. But diabetes during pregnancy can result in birth

23、 defects. So the study did not include any women known to be diabetic. ACE inhibitors suppress a protein called angiotensin-converting enzyme, or ACE. This enzyme produces a chemical in the body that makes blood passages narrow. The drugs increase the flow of blood so pressure is reduced.New drugs a

24、re tested on pregnant animals to see if they might cause birth defects in humans. But experts say these tests are not always dependable. The United States Food and Drug Administration6 helped pay for the study. The F. D. A. says women who might become pregnant should talk with their doctor about oth

25、er ways to treat high blood pressure.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).FDA suggests that pregnant women with high blood pressure should consult _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).ACE inhibitors are not

26、recommended _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Evidence showed only a small percentage of babies suffered major disorders _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).ACE is a risk factor to our body _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每题后面有 4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案。B第一篇/BB Slee

27、p/BWe all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep alternating with some 16-17 hours wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modif

28、ied.The question is no mere academic one. The case, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls insistently for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to on

29、e week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 am one week, 8 am to 4 pm the next, and 4 pm to 12 mi

30、dnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another4, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.One answer would seem to be longer periods on each shift, a month, or even three months. Recent rese

31、arch by Bonjer of the Netherlands, however, has shown that people on such systems will revert to their normal habits of sleep and wakefulness during the weekends and that this is quite enough to destroy any adaptation to night work built up during the week.The only real solution appears to be to han

32、d over the night shift to a corps of permanent night workers whose nocturnal wakefulness may persist through all weekends and holidays. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carded out by Brown. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep, digestive disord

33、er and domestic disruption among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these symptoms among those on permanent night work.（分数：15.00）(1).The question raised in Paragraph 1 is “no mere academic one“（分数：3.00）A.because Bonjers findings are different from Browns.B.becau

34、se sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.C.because some people can change their sleeping habits easily.D.because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits.(2).According to the passage, the main problem about night work is that _（分数：3.00）A.people hate the in

35、convenience of working on night shifts.B.your life is disturbed by changing from day to night routines and back.C.not all industries work at the same hours.D.it is difficult to find a corps of good night workers.(3).According to the passage, the best solution to the problem seems to be（分数：3.00）A.not

36、 to change shifts from one week to the next.B.to make periods on each shift longer.C.to employ people who will always work at night.D.to find ways of selecting people who adapt quickly.(4).In the second paragraph, “the third“ means（分数：3.00）A.the third week.B.the third shift.C.a third of the time.D.t

37、he third routine.(5).In the last sentence of the second paragraph, “another“ means（分数：3.00）A.another routine.B.another shift.C.another week.D.another person.B第二篇/BB Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a Boost/BEating potatoes is not only good for bowel health, but also for the whole immune syst

38、em, especially when they come in the form of a potato salad or eaten cold. In a study on an animal model, researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large quantities of raw potato starch (RPS) not only had a healthier bowel, but also decreased levels of white blood cells, such as leucocytes and lympho

39、cytes in their blood. White blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease, generally when the body is challenged.The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect, a generally more healthy body. The reduction in leuc

40、ocyte levels was about 15 percent. Lower lymphocyte levels are also indicative of reduced levels of inflammation, but the observed reduction in both lymphocyte density and lymphocyte apoptosis is surprising.In what was the longest study of its kind, pigs were fed RPS over 14 weeks to find out the ef

41、fect of starch on bowel health. “The use of raw potato starch in this experiment is designed to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch,“ said study leader Jose Francisco Perez at the Universitat. Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain.Humans do not eat raw potatoes, but they do eat a lot of f

42、oods that contain resistant starch, such as cold boiled potatoes, legumes, grains, green bananas, pasta and cereals. About 10 percent of the starch eaten by human is resistant starch - starch that is not digested in the small intestine and so is shunted into the large intestine where it ferments. St

43、arch consumption is thought to reduce the risk of large bowel cancer and may also have an effect on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)Immunology expert Lena Ohmans team previously found that the overall lymphocyte levels do not vary for IBS patients, but that lymphocytes are transferred from the periphe

44、ral blood to the gut, which support the hypothesis of IBS being at least partially an inflammatory disorder. She says the decrease in lymphocytes observed by the Spanish is therefore interesting, and a diet of resistant starch may be worth trying in IBS patients. Ohman is currently at the Department

45、 of Internal Medicine, Goteborg University, Sweden. The study is published in the journal Chemistry and Industry, the magazine of the SCI.（分数：15.00）(1).What form of potato is the most nutrient to the human body?（分数：3.00）A.Potato soup.B.Potato cake.C.Potato salad.D.Hot boiled potato.(2).What does the

46、 reduction in leucocyte levels in the body mean?（分数：3.00）A.It may mean the reduced levels of inflammation.B.It may mean somewhere in the body is inflamed.C.It means that the body is challenged.D.It means that the body cannot produce leucocytes any more.(3).For what a purpose did the researchers use

47、raw potato starch in their experiment?（分数：3.00）A.They wanted to observe how the leucocyte levels reduced in the experimental pigs.B.They wanted to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch.C.They wanted to see how much potato an experimental pig ate every day.D.They wanted to see how m

48、uch body weight each experimental pig gained in the end.(4).All of the following foods are rich in resistant starch EXCEPT（分数：3.00）A.pastaB.grainsC.legumesD.vegetables(5).What a kind of starch is resistant starch after all?（分数：3.00）A.It may cause irritable bowel syndrome.B.It may bring about at leas

49、t partially inflammatory disorder.C.It may raise leucocyte and lymphocyte levels in the body.D.It cannot be digested in the small intestine and ferments in the large intestine.B第三篇/BB Online Cancer Chat with a Safety Net/BCancer Research UK has launched an online chat forum for cancer patients to swap