雅思阅读十大领域之社会篇及答案解析.doc

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1、雅思阅读十大领域之社会篇及答案解析(总分：100.02，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part English-Chine(总题数：22，分数：22.00)1.apply to（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_2.at ones disposal（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_3.highest-yielding（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_4.level out（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_5.in this respect（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_6.food riots（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_7.emergency price controls（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_

2、8.food chain（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_9.global fiancial crisis（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_10.top priority（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_11.climate change（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_12.disaster emergency（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_13.unintentional consequence（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_mand-and-control（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_15.mutual-aid help（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_16.put in place（分数：1.

3、00）填空项 1:_17.environmentally friendly（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_18.green production（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_19.aquaculture industry（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_20.environmental restrictions（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_21.a sustainable and profitable manner（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_22.free of obstacles（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_二、Part true or false(总题数：10，分数：10.00)2

4、3.African farmers would get the same result with European and American ones if they used the same kind of technology.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误24.The most popular television programmes in English-speaking countries is about how to lead a healthy life.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误25.More than 10 groups and organisations

5、worldwide made food the top priority.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误26.Climate change is the long-term reason why California was more likely to get megafires.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误27.Population growth need increased building of homes and other structures in areas where were used to be forests.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误28.State

6、 fails to invest sufficient money in better fire-safety facilities and blueprints.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误29.Firefighters are reluctant to coordinate with people from different states, which reduces the efficiency of fighting fires.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误30.In order to take Danish fish farming a stage further, s

7、everal measures would be taken, including the expansion of the modem fish farming.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误31.The production of fish in many countries, like Denmark, increased due to the environmental restriction.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误32.Cross-disciplinary collaboration on new technological solutions contributes

8、 to a sustainable and profitable increase in production of fish.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误三、Part essay questio(总题数：1，分数：2.00)33.According to the last two paragraphs, use your own words to describe what is a modem fish farming.（分数：2.00）_四、Part Actual Test(总题数：3，分数：66.00)You should spend about 20 minutes on Qu

9、estions 1-13, which are based on Reading, Passage 1 below.The 9 Billion-People QuestionThe worlds population will grow from almost 7 billion now to over 9 billion in 2050. John Parker asks if there will be enough food to go round.A THE 1.6-hectare (4-acre) Broadbalk field lies in the centre of Rotha

10、msted farm, about 40km (25 miles) north of London. In 1847 the farms founder, Sir John Lawes, described its soil as a heavy loam resting on chalk and capable of producing good wheat when well manured. The 2010 harvest did not seem to vindicate his judgment. In the centre of the field the wheat is ab

11、undant, yielding 10 tonnes a hectare, one of the highest rates in the world for a commercial crop. But at the western end, near the manor house, it produces only 4 or 5 tonnes a hectare; other, spindlier, plants yield just 1 or 2 tonnes.B Broadbalk is no ordinary field. The first experimental crop o

12、f winter wheat was sown there in the autumn of 1843, and for the past 166 years the field, part of the Rothamsted Research station, has been the site of the longest-running continuous agricultural experiment in the world. Now different parts of the field are sown using different practices, making Br

13、oadbalk a microcosm of the state of world farming.C The wheat yielding a tonne a hectare is like an African field, and for the same reason: this crop has had no fertiliser, pesticide or anything else applied to it. African farmers are sometimes thought to be somehow responsible for their low yields,

14、 but the blame lies with the technology at their disposal. Given the same technology, European and American farmers get the same results. The wheat bearing 4 or 5 tonnes a hectare is, roughly, like that of the Green Revolution, the transformation of agriculture that swept the world in the 1970s. It

15、has been treated with herbicides and some fertilisers, but not up to the standard of the most recent agronomic practices, nor is it the highest-yielding semi-dwarf wheat variety. This is the crop of the Indian subcontinent and of Argentina. The extraordinary results in the centre of the field are ac

16、hieved by using the best plants, fertilisers, fungicides and husbandry. The yield is higher than the national average in Britain, and is as good as it gets.D But the Broadbalk field shows something else. A research paper recently published tracks its yields from the start, showing how the three diff

17、erent kinds of wheat farmingAfrican, Green Revolution and modernhave diverged, sometimes quite suddenly: in the 1960s with the introduction of new herbicides for Green Revolution wheat, and in the 1980s with new fungicides and semi-dwarf varieties. Worryingly, though, in the past 15 years the yields

18、 of the most productive varieties of wheat in Broadbalk have begun to level out or even fall. The fear is that Broadbalk may prove a microcosm in this respect, too.E At the start of 2011 the food industry is in crisis. World food prices have risen above the peak they reached in early 2008. That was

19、a time when hundreds of millions of people fell into poverty, food riots were shaking governments in dozens of developing countries, exporters were banning grain sales abroad and land grabs carried out by rich grain- importing nations in poor agricultural ones were raising awkward questions about ho

20、w best to help the poor. This time, too, there have been export bans, food riots, panic buying and emergency price controls, just as in 2007-2008. Fears that drought might ruin the current wheat crop in China, the worlds largest, are sending shock waves through world markets. Discontent over rising

21、bread prices has played a part in the popular uprisings throughout the Middle East. There are differences between the periods, but the fact that agriculture has experienced two big price spikes in four years suggests that something serious is rattling the worlds food chain.F The food industry has be

22、en attracting extra attention of other kinds. For years some of the most popular television programmes in English-speaking countries have been cooking shows. That may point to a healthy interest in food, but then again it may not. The historian Livy thought the Roman Empire started to decay when coo

23、ks acquired celebrity status.G At a meeting of the Group of Eight (G8) industrial countries in 2009 the assembled leaders put food alongside the global financial crisis on their list of top priorities, promising to find $20 billion for agriculture over three years. This year the current president of

24、 the Group of 20 (G20), Frances Nicolas Sarkozy, wants to make food the top priority. The Gates Foundation, the worlds richest charity, which had previously focused on health and development generally, started to concentrate more on feeding the world. At last months World Economic Forum, a gathering

25、 of businesspeople and policymakers in Davos, 17 global companies launched what they described as a new vision for agriculture, promising to do more to promote markets for smallholdersa sign of rising alarm in the private sector.BEconomist/B（分数：13.00）(1).Reading Passage 1 has seven paragraphs, A-G.C

26、hoose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, -, in boxes on your answer sheet.List of Headings The importance of smallholders in the new vision for agriculture The identity of Broabalk in history The negative influence the increasing food pri

27、ce produces The background of Broadbalk Less wheat yielding in the past decade The value of food in ancient Rome The reasons why productivity vary The changes in the concern of food policy The effect of food riots on government management The inequality in wheat yielding in Broadbalk The two sides o

28、f food industryParagraph（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph B（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph C（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph D（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Paragraph E（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Paragraph F（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Paragraph G（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Complete the summary using the list of words, A-H, below. Write the co

29、rrect letter, A-H, in boxes on your answer sheet. As the epitome of world farming, Broadbalk field has three different kinds of wheat production: that with the lowest output represents U U 8 /U /Uand the reason is that there is no U U 9 /U /Uto use. The area with moderate yield implies U U 10 /U /U,

30、 which had happened during the U U 11 /U /Uin 1970s. The reason for this situation is that the fertilisers and pesticides used are all lower than the criterion in the U U 12 /U /U. The highest crop output happened in the centre of the Broadbalk and its yield is even higher than that in U U 13 /U /U.

31、 A England B Africa C Indian subcontinent D husbandry E chemicals F Green Revolution G Europe H agronomy（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Californias Age of MegafiresDrought, housing expansion, and oversupply of tinder make for bigger, hotter fires.A Theres a reason fire squads now

32、battling more than a dozen blazes in southern California are having such difficulty containing the flames, despite better preparedness than ever and decades of experience fighting fires fanned by the notorious Santa Ana winds. The wildfires themselves, experts say, generally are hotter, move faster,

33、 and spread more erratically than in the past.B The short-term explanation is that the region, which usually has dry summers, has had nine inches less rain than normal this year. Longer term, climate change across the West is leading to hotter days on average and longer fire seasons. Experts say thi

34、s is likely to yield more megafires like the conflagrations that this week forced evacuations of at least 300,000 resident in Californias southland and led the president to declare a disaster emergency in seven counties on Tuesday.C Megafires, also called siege fires are the increasingly frequent bl

35、azes that burn 500,000 acres or more10 times the size of the average forest fire of 20 years ago. One of the current wildfires is the sixth biggest in California ever, in terms of acreage burned, according to state figures and news reports. The trend to more superhot fires, experts say, has been dri

36、ven by a century-long policy of the U.S. Forest Service to stop wildfires as quickly as possible. The unintentional consequence was to halt the natural eradication of underbrush, now the primary fuel for megafires. Three other factors contribute to the trend, they add. First is climate change marked

37、 by a 1-degree F. rise in average yearly temperature across the West. Second is a fire season that on average is 78 days longer than in the late 1980s. Third is increased building of homes and other structures in wooded areas.D We are increasingly building our homes.in fire-prone ecosystems, says Do

38、minikKulakowski, adjunct professor of biology at Clark University Graduate School of Geography in Worcester, Mass. Doing that in many of the forests of the Western U.S. .is like building homes on the side of an active volcano. In California, where population growth has averaged more than 600,000 a y

39、ear for at least a decade, housing has pushed into such areas. What once was open space is now residential homes providing fuel to make fires burn with greater intensity, says Terry McHale of the California Department of Forestry firefighters union. With so much dryness, so many communities to catch

40、 fire, so many fronts to fight, it becomes an almost incredible job.E That said, many experts give California high marks for making progress on preparedness since 2003, when the largest fires in state history scorched 750,000 acres, burned 3,640 homes, and killed 22 people. Stung then by criticism o

41、f bungling that allowed fires to spread when they might have been contained, personnel are meeting the peculiar challenges of neighbourhoodand canyon-hopping fires better than in recent years, observers say.F State promises to provide newer engines, planes, and helicopters have been fulfilled. Firef

42、ighters unions that then complained of dilapidated equipment, old fire engines, and insufficient blueprints for fire safety are now praising the states commitment, noting that funding for firefighting has increased despite huge cuts in many other programmes. We are pleased that the Schwarzenegger ad

43、ministration has been very proactive in its support of us and come through with budgetary support of the infrastructure needs we have long sought, says Mr. McHale with the firefighters union. Besides providing money to upgrade the fire engines that must traverse the mammoth state and wind along serp

44、entine canyon roads, the state has invested in better command-and-control facilities as well as the strategies to run them.G In the fire sieges of earlier years, we found out that we had the willingness of mutual-aid help from other jurisdictions and states, but we were not able to communicate adequ

45、ately with them, says Kim Zagaris, chief of the states Office of Emergency Services, fire and rescue branch. After a 2004 blue-ribbon commission examined and revamped those procedures, the statewide response has become far more professional and responsive, he says.H Besides ordering the California N

46、ational Guard on Monday to make 1,500 guardsmen available for firefighting efforts, Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger asked the Pentagon to send all available Modular Airborne Fighting Systems to the area. The military Lockheed C-130 cargo/ utility aircraft carry a pressurised 3,000-gallon tank that can ej

47、ect fire retardant or water in fewer than five seconds through two tubes at the rear of the plane. This load can cover an area 1/4-mile long and 60 feet wide to create a fire barrier. Governor Schwarzenegger also directed 2,300 inmate firefighters and 170 custody staff from the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation to work han