雅思阅读十大领域之环境篇及答案解析.doc

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1、雅思阅读十大领域之环境篇及答案解析(总分：100.06，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart English-(总题数：5，分数：5.00)1.alien invasions（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_2.gang violence（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_3.a potential breakthrough（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_4.scientific prose（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_5.reverse the trend（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_二、BPart essay qu(总题数：9，分数：18.00)6.What is the differenc

2、e between this new game and other traditional mainstream games?（分数：2.00）_7.What is the name of the game that is based on life as a refugee in Sudan?（分数：2.00）_8.What is peoples hope on the base on this new game?（分数：2.00）_9.Why do the writer talk about paintings in the first two paragraphs?（分数：2.00）_1

3、0.What damages to ecologies have been predicted in the 2002 report?（分数：2.00）_11.Why does Joyce say that the earth is actually warning?（分数：2.00）_12.What is the difference between density and crowding?（分数：2.00）_13.What are the outcomes of Calhouns rat study?（分数：2.00）_14.What can people do to deal with

4、 the crowding problems?（分数：2.00）_三、BPart Matching(总题数：2，分数：13.00)a. terrainb. coolc. foreseed. copye. extend（分数：5.00）(1).sober（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).reproduction（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).landscape（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).prolong（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).predict（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_a. mentalb. give upc. beginningd. bewildere

5、de. newf. worn-outg. offensiveh. retreat（分数：8.00）(1).psychological（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).unprecedented（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).outset（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).abandon（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).confused（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).fatigued（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).aggressive（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).withdrawal（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、Part Actual Te

6、st(总题数：3，分数：64.00)You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Climate Change Challenge for Computer GamersFate of the World: The video game in which players save the world from catastrophic climate change.Theyve previously tackled alien invasions,

7、gang violence in New York and how to raise a happy family, but this week computer games wrestle with an even more pressing issue: climate change.Arriving on PCs on Tuesday and Macs shortly after, the British-made Fate of the World puts players at the helm of a future World Trade Organisation-style e

8、nvironmental body with a task of saving the world by cutting carbon emissions or damning it by letting soaring temperatures wreak havoc through floods, droughts and fires.The strategy game is already being hailed by gaming experts as a potential breakthrough for such social change titles, and welcom

9、ed by climate campaigners as a way of reaching new audiences. While traditional mainstream games have focused on action, sports and increasingly casual genres, Fate of the World features data from real-world climate models, anecdotes from the polar explorer Pen Hadow and input from a team of scienti

10、sts and economists in the U.S. and UK. It has been developed by Oxford-based games designers Red Redemption, whose previous browser-based climate game for the BBC has been played more than a million times since it was launched in 2006.Gobion Rowlands, chairman at Red Redemption and a board member of

11、 social gaming organisation Games for Change, said the game was inspired by his desire to make the subject more accessible and a drunken boast to Dr. Myles Allen, head of climate dynamics at Oxford University and a contributor to the last report by the UNs climate science panel.My wife was working o

12、n Allens C project (a project to use the power of home PCs to process climate model data). When he took me out for dinner, we got quite drunk, and I bragged that we could make a computer game about anything. He challenged us to make one about climate change.Allen has provided the prediction models u

13、sed in the game. For far too long, climate policy has been developed by unelected technocrats in smoke-free conference centres or through talkshow soundbites, said Allen. What I like about this game is that it allows people to experience, in an idealised world, of course, the kinds of decisions we a

14、re likely to confront, and makes it clear there are no easy answers: should we start mining methane clathrates (gas trapped in arctic ice), for example?Tom Chatfield, gaming expert and the author of Fun Inc.“ Why Games Are the 21st Centurys Most Serious Business, said: This could be the beginning of

15、 a flowering of issue-led gaming. But it will be judged on whether its a good game, not on whether its worthy or not.He said that, although some mainstream titlessuch as the Civilisation franchise, which has sold more than 6m copieshad touched on issues of sustainability and pollution before, most g

16、ames with an overt social message often had a lower budget and gave a less polished experience. It will be interesting to see if this game can resolve that tensionI cant list many games that are both campaigning and staggeringly good.But, he added, issue-driven titles on everything from health to hu

17、man rights, such as the browser-based Darfur is Dying, a game based on life as a refugee in Sudan played by more than 800,000 people were improving in quality and popularity. Just over half of all gamers play games in which they think about moral and ethical issues, according to a 2008 study by the

18、Pew Research Centre of 1,102 12-to 17-year-olds.Both Rowlands and Chatfield agree that games as a medium are uniquely placed to tackle the complexity of climate change. Two of the problems with environmental issues are time and geographygetting people to care about people on the other side of the pl

19、anet and problems far in the future, said Chatfield. But if people can feel and see the evolution of variables in a systemsuch as a changing climateit can be a better way of learning than reading lots of scientific prose.Games handle complexity well, said Rowlands. Partly because you learn by doing,

20、 but also because of the length of interactionyou could be playing for up to 50 hours, during which you learn a huge amount about how a game works. In an age when were accused of dumbing down, computer games can reverse that trend and help us to smarten up.Green campaigners have welcomed gaming join

21、ing other cultural effortsfrom Ian McEwans recent novel Solar to the BBCs drama Burn Up featuring Neve Campbellto take on the subject. Mike Childs, Friends of the Earths head of climate change, said: Weve had books, films, TV debates, moviesso it was only a matter of time before the fight against gl

22、obal warming inspired computer games too. We hope that, by wrestling with the challenges of tackling climate change in the virtual world, gamers will be inspired to take action in the real oneespecially with crucial international climate talks coming up in Cancun later this month.Guardian（分数：13.00）(

23、1).Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this Games can simplify the question

24、s in the real world.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Fate of the world is the first product referred to social issues.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Learning knowledge from books is as effective as from games.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Playing games is an excellent way of solving complex problems because it can last for a long pe

25、riod of time.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).There are other organisations other than Red Redemption develop the environment-protecting programmes.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).It is possible for games to help people solve the pressing problems in the real world.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Look at the following statements and th

26、e list of people below.Match each statement with the correct people, A-D.Write the correct letter, A-D, in boxes on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.List of PeopleA Gobion RowlandsB Myles AllenC Tom ChatfieldD Mike ChildsPeople can apply the experience they got from games t

27、o their daily life.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Fate of the World was coined in a friends conversation.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(9).Leaning knowledge from games is better than learning from books.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(10).The aim of Fate of the World is to create an opportunity for people to learn climate change in an ide

28、al environment.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(11).Playing computer games can make people become smarter.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(12).Choose TWO letters, A-E. Write the correct letter in boxes on your answer sheet. Which TWO problems have been solved in computer games? A gang crimes in New York B climate change C family v

29、iolence D cutting carbon emissions E foreigners invasions（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.A.B.C.D.E.A New Ice Age: The Day After Tomorrow?A William Curry is a serious, sober climate scientist, not an art critic. But he has spent a lot of time perusing Emanuel Gottlieb Leutzes famous painting George Washington Cro

30、ssing the Delaware, which depicts a boatload of colonial American soldiers making their way to attack English and Hessian troops the day after Christmas in 1776. Most people think these other guys in the boat are rowing, but they are actually pushing the ice away, says Curry tapping his finger on a

31、reproduction of the painting. Sure enough, the lead oarsman is bashing the frozen river with his boot. I grew up in Philadelphia. The place in this painting is 30 minutes away by car. I can tell you, this kind of thing just doesnt happen anymore.B But it may again soon. And ice-choked scenes, simila

32、r to those immortalised by the sixteenth century Flemish painter Pieter Brueghel the Elder, may also return to Europe. His works, including the 1565 masterpiece Hunters in the Snow make the now-temperate European landscapes look more like Lapland. Such frigid settings were commonplace during a perio

33、d dating roughly from 1300 to 1850 because much of North America and Europe was in the throes of a little ice age. And now there is mounting evidence that the chill could return. A growing number of scientists believe conditions are ripe for another prolonged cool down, or small ice age. While no on

34、e is predicting a brutal ice sheet like the one that covered the Northern Hemisphere with glaciers about 12,000 years ago the next cooling trend could drop average temperatures 5 degrees Fahrenheit over much of the United States and 10 degrees in the Northeast, northern Europe, and northern Asia.C I

35、t could happen in 10 years, says Terrence Joyce, who chairs the Woods Hole Physical Oceanography Department. Once it does, it can take hundreds of years to reverse. And he is alarmed that Americans have yet to take the threat seriously.D A drop of 5 to 10 degrees entails much more than simply bumpin

36、g up the thermostat and carrying on. Both economically and ecologically, such quick, persistent chilling could have devastating consequences. A 2002 report titled Abrupt Climate Change: Inevitable Surprises produced by the National Academy of Sciences, pegged the cost from agricultural losses alone

37、at $100 billion to $250 billion while also predicting that damage to ecologies could be vast and incalculable. A grim sampler: disappearing forests, increased housing expenses, dwindling freshwater, lower crop yields, and accelerated species extinctions.E Political changes since the last ice age cou

38、ld make survival far more difficult for the worlds poor. During previous cooling periods, whole tribes simply picked up and moved south, but that option doesnt work in the modern, tense world of closed borders. To the extent that abrupt climate change may cause rapid and extensive changes of fortune

39、 for those who live off the land, the inability to migrate may remove one of the major safety nets for distressed people, says the report.F Isnt the earth actually warming? Indeed it is, says Joyce. In his cluttered office, full of soft light from the foggy Cape Cod morning, he explains how such war

40、ming could actually be the surprising culprit of the next mini-ice age. The paradox is a result of the appearance over the past 30 years in the North Atlantic of huge rivers of freshwaterthe equivalent of a 10-foot-thick layermixed into the salty sea. No one is certain where the fresh torrents are c

41、oming from, but a prime suspect is melting Arctic ice, caused by a buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that traps solar energy.G The freshwater trend is major news in ocean-science circles. Bob Dickson, a British oceanographer who sounded an alarm at a February conference in Honolulu, has te

42、rmed the drop in salinity and temperature in the Labrador Seaa body of water between northeastern Canada and Greenland that adjoins the Atlanticarguably the largest full-depth changes observed in the modern instrumental oceanographic record.H The trend could cause a little ice age by subverting the

43、northern penetration of Gulf Stream waters. Normally, the Gulf Stream, laden with heat soaked up in the tropics, meanders up the east coasts of the United States and Canada. As it flows northward, the stream surrenders heat to the air. Because the prevailing North Atlantic winds blow eastward, a lot

44、 of the heat wafts to Europe. Thats why many scientists believe winter temperatures on the Continent are as much as 36 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than those in North America at the same latitude. Frigid Boston, for example, lies at almost precisely the same latitude as balmy Rome. And some scientists

45、 say the heat also warms Americans and Canadians. Its a real mistake to think of this solely as a European phenomenon, says Joyce.I Having given up its heat to the air, the now-cooler water becomes denser and sinks into the North Atlantic by a mile or more in a process oceanographers call thermohaline circulation. This massive column of cascading cold is the main engine powering a deep wat