职称英语理工类A级-25及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语理工类 A 级-25 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics.（分数：1.00）A.errorB.functionC.attractionD.miracle2.The use of the chemical may present a certain hazard to the laboratory workers.（分数：1.00）A.protectionB.indicatio

2、nC.immunityD.danger3.The development of the transistor and integrated circuits revolutionized the electronics industry by allowing components to be packaged more densely.（分数：1.00）A.compactlyB.inexpensivelyC.quickD.carefully4.The children trembled with fear when they saw the policeman.（分数：1.00）A.wept

3、B.criedC.ranD.shook5.We were shocked to find that Mary didt know her guests name.（分数：1.00）A.frustratedB.disturbedC.relievedD.surprised6.They agreed to settle the dispute by peaceful means.（分数：1.00）A.solveB.determineC.untieD.complete7.There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete br

4、eaks a previous record of performance.（分数：1.00）A.beatsB.matchesC.maintainsD.announces8.I have got to abide by the rules.（分数：1.00）A.stick toB.persist inC.safeguardD.apply9.It was hard to say why the man deserved such shabby treatment.（分数：1.00）A.unforgettableB.unbelievableC.unfairD.unthinkable10.The l

5、eading astronomers of the sixteenth and seventeenth centries were fascinated by comets.（分数：1.00）A.intriguedB.infectedC.inconveniencedD.inclined11.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn east.（分数：1.00）A.extendsB.stretchesC.broadensD.travels12.The towers of a suspension bridge serve as a ri

6、gid framework to which the cables are attached.（分数：1.00）A.boundaryB.skeletonC.enclosureD.material13.In their productions, choreographers of modern dance have introduced humor, protested social injustice, and probed psychological problems.（分数：1.00）A.solvedB.exploredC.involvedD.disputed14.The advertis

7、ing company was surprised by the adverse public reaction to the poster.（分数：1.00）A.delayedB.quickC.positiveD.unfavorable15.The attack on Fort Sumter near Charleston provoked a sharp response from the North, which led to the American Civil War.（分数：1.00）A.demandedB.elicitedC.extractedD.defied二、B第 2 部分：

8、阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。Inventor of LEDWhen Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting using semiconductor alloys, his colleagues thought he was unrealistic. Today, his discovery of light-emi

9、tting diodes, or LEDs, are used in everything from DVDs to alarm clocks to airports. Dozens of his students have continued his work, developing lighting used in traffic lights and other everyday technology.On April 23, 2004, Holonyak received the $ 500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize at a ceremony in Washing

10、ton. This marks the 10th year that the Lemelson-MIT Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has given the award to prominent inventors. “Anytime you get an award, big or little, its always a surprise. “ Holonyak said.Holonyak, 75, was a student of John Bardeen, an inventor of the

11、transistor, in the early 1950s. After graduate school, Holonyak worked at Bell Labs. He later went to General Electric, where he invented a switch now widely used in house dimmer switches. Later, Holonyak started looking into how semiconductors could be used to generate light. But while his colleagu

12、es were looking at how to generate invisible light, he wanted to generate visible light. The LEDs he invented in 1962 now last about 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, and are more environmentally friendly and cost effective.Holonyak, now a professor of electrical and computer engineering and

13、physics at the University of Illinois, said he suspected that LEDs would become as commonplace as they are today, but didnt realize how many uses they would have.“You dont know in the beginning. You think youre doing something important, you think its worth doing, but you really cant tell what the b

14、ig payoff is going to be, and when, and how. You just dont know. “ he said.The Lemelson-MIT Program also recognized Edith Flanigen, 75, with the $100,000 Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award for her work on a new generation of “molecular sieves,“ that can separate molecules by size.（分数：7.00）(1).H

15、olonyaks colleagues thought he would fail in his research on LEDs at the time when he started it.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Holonyak believed that his students that were working with him on the project would get the Lemelson MIT Prize sooner or later.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B

16、. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).Holonyak was the inventor of the transistor in the early 1950s.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).Holonyak believed that LEDs would become very popular in the future.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).Holonyak said that you should not

17、 do anything you are not interested in.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).Edith Flanigen is the only co-inventor of LEDs.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).The Lemelson-MIT Prize has a history of over 100 years.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第

18、 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 25 段每段选择 1 个最佳标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定 1 个最佳选项。How We Form First Impression1 We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about

19、him or heraside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits?2 The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in how a persons eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation

20、 to each other make you see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory informationthe sights and sounds of your world. These incoming “signals“ are compared against a host of “memories“ stored in the brain areas called the cortex (大脑皮层)system to determine wh

21、at these new signals “mean“.3 If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says “familiar and safe“. If you see someone new, it says, “newpotentially threatening“. Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other “known“ memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicit

22、y, gestures and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, “This is new. I dont like this person. “ Or else, “I am intrigued. “ Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestureslike your other friends; so your

23、 brain says: “I like this person. “ But these preliminary “impressions“ can be dead wrong.4 When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking ( not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about

24、the depth and breadth of peopletheir history, interests, values, strengths, and true characterwe categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks.5 However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear abo

25、ut his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the persons character, we use a different, more mature style of think ingand the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane.A. Ways of Departure from Immature and Simplistic ImpressionsB. Comment on First ImpressionC. Illustra

26、tion of First ImpressionD. Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against MemoriesE. Threatening Aspect of First ImpressionsF. Differences Among Jocks, Geeks and Freaks（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _.（分数

27、：1.00）填空项 1:_A. a strangers less mature type of thinkingB. the most complex areas of our cortexC. the immature form of thinking of a very young childD. the meaning of incoming sensory informationE. the sights and sounds of the worldF. an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking（分数：4.00）(1)

28、.Sensory information is one that is perceived through _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).You interpret _ by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking, which is similar to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).We can use our m

29、ore mature style of thinking thanks to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题定 1 个最佳选项。B第一篇/BPlant GasScientists have been studying natural sources of methane (甲烷，沼气) for decades but hadnt regarded plants as a producer, notes Frank Keppler, a geochemist(地

30、球化学家) at the Max Planek Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, Germany. Now Keppler and his colleagues find that plants, from grasses to trees, may also be sources of the greenhouse gas. This is really surprising, because most scientists assumed that methane production requires an oxygen-free

31、environment.Previously, researchers had thought that it was impossible for plants to make significant amounts of the gas. They had assumed that microbes(微生物) need to be in environments without oxygen to produce methane. Methane is a greenhouse gas, like carbon dioxide. Gases such as methane and carb

32、on dioxide trap heat in Earths atmosphere and contribute to global warming.In its experiments, Kepplers team used sealed chambers (室，房间；腔)that contained the same concentration of oxygen that Earths atmosphere has. They measured the amounts of methane that were released by both living plants and drie

33、d plant material, such as fallen leaves.With the dried plants, the researchers took measurement at temperatures ranging from 30 degrees Celsius to 70 degrees CAt 30 degrees C., they found, a gram of dried plant material released up to 3 nanograms(微克) of methane per hour (One nanogram is a billionth

34、of a gram. ). With every 10-degree rise in temperature, the amount of methane released each hour roughly doubled.Living plants growing at their normal temperatures released as much as 370 nanograms of methane per gram of plant tissue per hour. Methane emissions tripled (增加三倍) when living and dead pl

35、ant was exposed to sunlight.Because there was plenty of oxygen available, its unlikely that the types of bacteria( bacterium 的复数，细菌) that normally make methane were involved. Experiments on plants that were grown in water rather than soil also resulted in methane emissions. Thats another strong sign

36、 that the gas came from the plants and not soil microbes.The new finding is an “interesting observation,“ says Jennifer Y.King, a biogeochemist(生物地球化学家) at the University of Minnesota in St. Paul. Because some types of soil microbes consume methane, they may prevent plant-produced methane from reach

37、ing the atmosphere. Field tests will be needed to assess the plants influence, she notes.（分数：15.00）(1).What was scientists understanding of methane?（分数：3.00）A.It was produced from plants.B.It was not a greenhouse gas.C.It was produced in oxygen-free environments.D.It traps more heat than any other g

38、reenhouse gas.(2).To test whether plants are a source of methane, the scientists created _.（分数：3.00）A.a oxygen-free environmentB.an environment with the same concentration of oxygen as the Earth hasC.a carbon dioxide-free environmentD.an environment filled with the greenhouse gas(3).Which statement

39、is true of the methane emissions of plants in the experiment?（分数：3.00）A.The lower the temperature, the higher the amount of methane emissions.B.Living plants releas less methane than dried plants at the same temperature.C.When exposed to sunlight, plants stop releasing methane.D.The higher the tempe

40、rature, the greater the amount of methane emissions.(4).Which of the following about methane is Not mentioned in the passage?（分数：3.00）A.Plants growing in soil release methane.B.Plants growing in water release methane.C.Soil microbes consume methane.D.Microbes in plants produce methane.(5).What is th

41、e beneficial point of some microbes consuming plant-produced methane?（分数：3.00）A.Methane becomes less poisonous.B.Methane is turned into a fertilizer.C.Less methane reaches the atmosphere.D.Air becomes cleaner.B第二篇/BSleep Lets Brain File MemoriesTo sleep. Perchance to file? Findings published online

42、this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences further support the theory that the brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzzs.Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats

43、and mice. Specifically, they examined the electrical activity emanating(散发) from the somato-sensory (耳、目、口等以外的) neocortex (新大脑皮层) ( an area that processes sensory information) and the hippocampus(海马), which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves fr

44、om the two regions appear to be intertwined. So-called sleep spindles (bursts of activity from the neocortex) were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples. The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation

45、.A second study, also published online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, links age-associated memory decline to high glucose levels.Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes(糖尿病，多尿症) suffer from increased memory problems. In the new work, Antonio Conv

46、it of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels, which tend to increase with age, affect memory in healthy people as well. The scientists administered recall tests, brain scans (细看，审视，浏览，扫描) and glucose

47、 tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the bodys tissues. Subjects with the poorest memory recollection, the team discovered, also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance. In addition, their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects

48、 better able to absorb blood sugar.“Our study suggests that this impairment (损害、损伤) may contribute to the memory deficits (赤字、不足额) that occur as people age. “ Convit says. “And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated problems in cogniti

49、on. “ Exercise and weight control can help keep glucose levels in check(阻止、制止), so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following statements is nearest in meaning to the sentence “To sleep. Perchance to file?“（分数：3.00）A.Does brain arrange memories in useful order during sleep?B.Does brain have memories