职称英语理工类A级-18及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语理工类 A级-18 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.When these occur, we tend to resort to background tendencies and habits to justify our behavior.（分数：1.00）A.fall back onB.come up withC.live up toD.give way to2.The pleasure-centered people are too soon bored with each subsequ

2、ent level of “fun“.（分数：1.00）A.successfulB.successiveC.succeedingD.succeeded3.The old man lodged an official complaint about his neighbours behaviour.（分数：1.00）A.didB.putC.madeD.set up4.The volcanic eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991 blew a gigantic amount of sulfates into the stratosphere.（分数：1.00）A.

3、mightyB.wonderfulC.colorfulD.colossal5.Its no using trying to speak to her this morning: shes in a mood.（分数：1.00）A.bad-temperedB.fierceC.unhappyD.very angry6.The contest between the two boxers was always bound to be difficult.（分数：1.00）A.argumentB.fameC.behaviourD.fight7.Every effort was made to redu

4、ce the cost of the project substantially.（分数：1.00）A.effectivelyB.proportionatelyC.greatlyD.marginally8.With adequate support and Uinsight/U, all teachers can be active participants in excellent professional development.（分数：1.00）A.elusionB.visionC.respectD.rejection9.The park gave the whale to the Fo

5、undation and big contributions came from all parts of the world.（分数：1.00）A.dominationsB.denotationC.donationsD.signatures10.It was an exceptionally hot day for the time of year.（分数：1.00）A.a totallyB.an unusuallyC.a fullyD.an absolutely11.From all the different clues, we were able to deduce that the

6、murderer was a short fat woman.（分数：1.00）A.work outB.considerC.suggestD.calculate12.She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her.（分数：1.00）A.excellentB.peculiarC.extraordinaryD.rare13.Any perceivable alterations in climate could provide an exact description of todays climate.（分数：

7、1.00）A.sensibleB.thankfulC.appreciableD.valuable14.I know this is frustrating, but please try not to lose your temper.（分数：1.00）A.behave stupidlyB.get impatientC.become moodyD.get angry15.Because he wore a strange collection of clothes and often talked to himself his neighbours considered him eccentr

8、ic.（分数：1.00）A.ecstaticB.energeticC.exoticD.peculiar二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择C。Theres simple premise behind what Larry Myers does for a living: If you can smell it, you can find it.Myers is the founder

9、of Auburn Universitys Institute for Biological Detection Systems, the main task of which is to chase the ultimate in detection devices-an artificial nose.For now, the subject of their research is little more than a stack of gleaming chips tucked away in a laboratory drawer. But soon, such a tool cou

10、ld be hanging from the belts of police, arson(纵火)investigators and food-safety inspectors.The technology that they are working on would suggest quite reasonable that, within three to five years, well have some workable sensors ready to use. Such devices might find wide use in places that attract ter

11、rorists. Police could detect drugs, bodies and bombs hidden in cars, while food inspectors could easily test food and water for contamination.The implications for revolutionary advances in public safety and the food industry are astonishing. But so, too, are the possibilities for abuse: Such machine

12、s could determine whether a woman is ovulating(排卵), without a physical exam-or even her knowledge,One of the traditional protectors of American liberty is that it has been impossible to search everyone. Thats getting not to be the case.Artificial biosensors created at Auburn work totally differently

13、 from anything ever seen before. AromaScan, for example, is a desktop machine based on a bank of chips sensitive to specific chemicals that evaporate into the air. As air is sucked into the machine, chemicals pass over the sensor surfaces and produce changes in the electrical current flowing through

14、 them. Those current changes are logged into a computer that sorts our odors based on their electrical signatures.Myers says they expect to load a single fingernail-size chip with thousands of odor receptors (感受器), enough to create a sensor thats nearly as sensitive as a dogs nose.（分数：7.00）(1).The a

15、rtificial nose can be used to detect drugs and water contamination.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Performing physical examinations is whitin the capacity of the artificial nose being developed.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).A potential problem which might

16、be caused by the use of an artificial nose is a threat to in dividual privacy.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).The word “logged“ (Line 5, Para. 7) most probably means “entered“. A, Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).To produce artificial noses for practical use, it

17、 is essential to invent chips sensitive to various chemicals.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).The main task of Auburn Universitys Institute for Biological Detection Systems is to find chemical that can alter the electrical current passing through.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.

18、C. Not mentioned(7).The authors attitude towards Larry Myers works is approving.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6个选项中选择 4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。Every year thousands of grey whales

19、 make the longest migration of any animal, traveling 7,000 miles each way between the Arctic and Baja, California. The grey whales spend the long summer days in their Arctic feeding grounds in the Bering Sea between Alaska and Russia. Unlike a fish, the whale is warm-blooded and must therefore maint

20、ain a relatively high internal body temperature. In the cold Arctic waters the grey whale is protected by an outer layer of blubber which averages six inches in thickness. Other whales such as the Greenland Night whale have been found with a two-foot thick layer of blubber covering their bodies.2. D

21、uring these summer months, in the Arctic the grey whales fatten themselves by consuming enormous quantities of small shrimp-like animals called amphipods. Recent observations of a young grey whale, Gigi , held in captivity at Sea World in San Diego during 1971 and 1972, suggest that the grey whale f

22、eeds by sweeping its enormous head over the bottom. The amphipods on which it feeds are either stirred off the bottom or leap off the bottom to escape. These animals and the surrounding water are sucked into the whales mouth. As the water is expelled from the mouth, it passes through coarse baleen f

23、ibres. The small animals are trapped and swallowed.3. In October as the days get shorter and ice begins to form over the Arctic feeding grounds, the California grey whale begins its long journey south to the warm waters of Baja, California. During this three-month long trip the whales travelling in

24、groups stay close to the shore of North America, swimming both day and night and averaging abut 100 miles per day.4 During the trip south the grey whales that are sexually mature, at least three years old, and not pregnant already, form mating groups. These groups are composed of three whales, two m

25、ales and a female. The dominant male couples with the female while the second male is kept busy positioning the two whales on their sides facing each other and keeping them together during the sex act. This is no small job, since each whale can be fifty feet long and weigh forty tons.5. During Decem

26、ber and January the grey whales arrive at the warm lagoons along the coast of Baja, California. The whales swim miles inland along narrow shallow channels. These channels are the breeding grounds of the California grey whale. The calf has been gestating in the pregnant female for the last thirteen m

27、onths, that is, since her last journey south. The expectant cow is aided in the birth of the calf by another female that acts as a midwife. At birth the calf sinks toward the sea floor. Being a mammal the whale must breathe at the surface. The midwife guides the baby whale to the surface for its fir

28、st gulp of air. The calf then finds its mothers nipples and rich whale milk is forced into its mouth. During the next two months the calf will grow twenty feet and double its weight.6. In March the whales begin their long journey north to the Arctic. The newly-pregnant females leave first, following

29、 by the males and immature females. The last to leave the warm waters of Baja are the females and their calves. The whales arrive at their Arctic feeding ground in June. Many scientists believe that during this entire eight month long, 14,000 mile journey, the California grey whale does not feed at

30、all!（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6 _A. The Voyage Back（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).A layer of blubber approximately six inches thick _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).The whale feeds on_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).A mating group consis

31、ts of _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).The newly-born whale is assisted to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3篇短文，每篇短文后有 5道题，每题后面有 4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从 4个选项中选择 1个最佳答案。 B第一篇/BIt is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to pr

32、edict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have science or you dont, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptl

33、y useful hits,The only solid piece of scientific truth abut which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the br

34、ightest minds of the 18th. century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intell

35、ect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are

36、depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.But we are makin

37、g a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that can t be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we cant think up and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect,

38、but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the author, really good science _.（分数：3.00）A.would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th century EnlightenmentB.w

39、ill help people to make the right choice in advanceC.will produce results which cannot be foreseen .D.will bring about disturbing results(2).It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century _.（分数：3.00）A.knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about natureB.were af

40、raid of facing up to the realities of scientific researchC.thought that they knew a great deal and could solve most problems of scienceD.did more harm than good in promoting mans understanding of nature(3).Which of the following is NOT mentioned abut scientists in earlier times?（分数：3.00）A.They inven

41、ted false theories to explain things they didnt understand.B.They falsely claimed to know all about nature.C.They did not believe in results from scientific observation.D.They paid little attention to the problems they didnt understand.(4).What is the authors attitude toward science?（分数：3.00）A.He is

42、 confident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties in scientific research.B.He is doubtful because of the enormous difficulties in scientific research.C.He is depressed because of the ignorance of scientists.D.He is delighted because of the illuminating scientific findings.(5).The author bel

43、ieves that_.（分数：3.00）A.man cannot solve all the problems he can think up because of the limits of human intelleotB.man can find solutions sooner or later to whatever questions concerning nature he can think upC.sooner or later man can think up all the questions concerning nature and answer themD.que

44、stions concerning consciousness are outside the scope of scientific researchB第二篇/BGeologists have been studying volcanoes for a long time. Though they have learned a great deal, they still have not discovered the cause of volcanic action. They know that the inside of the earth is very hot, but they

45、are not sure exactly what causes the great heat. Some geologists have thought that the heat is caused by the great pressure of the earths outer layers. Or the heat may be left from the time when the earth was formed. During the last sixty years scientists have learned about radium, uranium, thorium,

46、 and other radioactive elements. These give out heat all the time as they change into other elements. Many scientists now believe that much of the heat inside the earth is produced by radioactive elements.Whatever the cause of the heat may be, we do know that the earth gets hotter the farther down w

47、e dig. In deep mines and oil wells the temperature rises about 1 F for each 50 feet. At this rate the temperature 40 miles below the earth s surface would be over 4,000 F, This is much hotter than necessary to melt rock. However, the pressure of the rock above keeps most materials from melting at th

48、eir usual melting points. Geologists believe that the rock deep in the earth may be plastic, or puttylike. In other words, the rock yields slowly to pressure but is not liquid. But if some change in the earths crust releases the pressure, the rock melts. Then the hot, liquid rock can move up toward

49、the surface.When the melted rock works its way close to earths crust, a volcano may be formed. The melted rock often contains steam and other gases under great pressure. If the rock above gives way, the pressure is released. Then the sudden expansion of the gases causes explosions. Theses blow the melted rock into pieces