职称英语(综合类)12及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语(综合类)12 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.Through a procedure known as time-sharing, one large computer can be employed (simultaneously) by lots of small users.（分数：-1.00）A.ahead of timeB.all the timeC.at the same timeD.in time2.Starfish (cling to) stones by the suction of their innumerable tube feet

2、.（分数：-1.00）A.attractB.destroyC.swim over toD.hold fast to3.Capital punishment was (abolished) some years ago in some states of the U. S.（分数：-1.00）A.createdB.decoratedC.improvedD.eliminated4.The land crab, a forest-floor scavenger native to tropical America, migrates to the water to (breed).（分数：-1.00

3、）A.dieB.swimC.mateD.hatch5.You will find that the community has (experienced) great changes since you came here last.（分数：-1.00）A.undergoneB.experimentedC.submittedD.sustained6.They showed me some photos and I had to (identify) the woman that I saw coming out of the post office.（分数：-1.00）A.make outB.

4、make inC.make upD.make for7.He (comprehends) the theory of relativity.（分数：-1.00）A.learnsB.teachesC.understandsD.investigates .8.Mr. Jackson wants to (give out) this news as soon as possible.（分数：-1.00）A.announceB.emitC.explainD.finish9.His new girlfriend (omitted)to tell him that she was married.（分数：

5、-1.00）A.forgotB.resistedC.deletedD.left out10.The football game (started) at 2:30.（分数：-1.00）A.beganB.continuedC.endedD.happened11.The United States Congress and the state legislatures (approve) thousands of laws each year.（分数：-1.00）A.amendB.debateC.passD.draft12.The number of the Unites States citiz

6、ens who are (eligible) to vote continues to increase.（分数：-1.00）A.encouragedB.enforcedC.expectedD.entitled13.His novel was adapted for the stage in 1949 as a musical play (entitled) as St. Louis woman.（分数：-1.00）A.chosen forB.includedC.starredD.named14.My little daughter kept pulling my hair and I was

7、 really (annoyed).（分数：-1.00）A.angryB.hurtC.troubledD.stimulating15.Limestone that can be highly polished is (termed) marble.（分数：-1.00）A.improved byB.similar toC.known asD.substituted forInterferon For several years, scientists have been testing a substance called interferon (干扰素),a potential wonder

8、drug that is proving to be effective in treating a variety of ailments, including virus infections, bacteria infections, and tumors. To date, the new drug has provoked no negative reaction of sufficient significance to discourage its use. But in spite of its success, last year only one gram was prod

9、uced in the entire world. The reason for the scarcity lies in the structure of interferon. A species specific protein, the interferon produced from one animal species cannot be used in treating another animal species. In other words, to treat human beings, only interferon produced by human beings ma

10、y be used. The drug is produced by infecting white blood cells with a virus. Fortunately, it is so potent that the amount given each patient per injection is very small. Unlike antibiotics(抗菌素), interferon does not attack germs directly. Instead, it makes unaffected cells resistant to infection, and

11、 prevents the multiplication of viruses within cells. As you might conclude, one of the most dramatic uses of interferon has been in the treatment of cancer. Dr. Hans Strander, research physician at Swedens famous Karolinska Institute, has treated more than one hundred cancer patients with the new d

12、rug. Among a group of selected patients who had undergone surgical procedures for advanced cancer, half were given conventional treatments and the other half were given interferon. The survival rate over a three-year period was 70 percent among those who were treated with interferon as compared with

13、 only 10 to 30 percent among those who had received the conventional treatments. In the United States, a large-scale project supported by the American Cancer Society is now underway. If the experiment is successful, interferon could become one of the greatest medical discoveries of our time. （分数：-0.

14、98）(1).Antibiotics kill germs by attacking them directly, while interferon does not.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(2).The effect interferon has on infection is that it keeps healthy cells from becoming infected.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(3).Interferon is produced by infecting v

15、iruses, bacteria, and tumors with a drug.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(4).Interferon has not been widely used because it is still very dangerous.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(5).The result of Dr. Stranders experiments with interferon is that 70 percent among patients who were tre

16、ated with interferon survived.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(6).21 Interferon causes healthy cells to grow.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(7).Interferon has serious side effects, whereas antibiotics do not.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not MentionedArchitecture Architecture is to buildi

17、ng as literature is to the printed word. The best buildings ate often so well constructed that they outlast their original use. They then survive not only as beautiful objects, but as documents of the history of cultures. These achievements are never wholly the work of individuals. Architecture is a

18、 social art. The renaissance brought about an entirely new age, not only in philosophy and literature but in the visual arts as well. In architecture, the principles and styles of ancient Greece and Rome were brought back to life and reinterpreted. They remain dominant until the 20th century. Many k

19、inds of stone are used as building materials. Stone and marble were chosen for important monuments because they are not burnable and Can be expected to endure. Stone architecture was often blended with stone sculpture. The use of stone has declined, however, because a number of other materials ate m

20、ore adaptable to industrial use. The complexity of modem lire calls for a variety of buildings. More people live in mass housing and go to work in large office buildings; they spend their income in large shopping centers, send their children to many different kinds of schools, and when they ate sick

21、 they go to specialized hospitals and clinics. All these different types of buildings accumulated experiences needed by their designers. By the middle of the 20th century, modem architecture, which was influenced by new technology and mass production, was dealing with increasingly complex social nee

22、ds. Important characteristics of modem architectural works are expanses of glass and the use of reinforced concrete. Advances in elevator technology, air conditioning, and electric lighting have all had important effects. A. Building Materials B. Need of Greater Building Varieties in Modern Life C.

23、Restoration of Ancient Civilizations D. Evolution in Style E. Factors Affecting Modem Architectur 6 F. A Social Art （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(5).Some buildings are so well construct

24、ed that they are not only useful_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).Ancient Greek and Roman architectural styles, which were restored during renaissance, were still influential（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(7).As modem life becomes more complex, people have to put up many different kinds of buildings_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(

25、8).The use of new building materials and the introduction of such new technology as the elevator and the air-conditioner have played all important role_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.The Development of Both HIV And Its Cure As the number of people infected (传染) with the AIDScausing HIV rose to more than 14 mill

26、ion worldwide and as new research showed that in the U.S. one of every 92 young men may be infected, a cure for the disease still remained an elusive(令人困惑的) dream. To help slow the spread of HIV to infants, the CDC in July called for all pregnant(怀孕的) women to be tested for the virus(毒素). The recomm

27、endation (推荐) stemmed (发展) from a. study that found that the risk that an HIV-infected woman will pass the virus on to her unborn child is cut by two-thirds if the mother receives the drug azidothymidine ( AZT) during pregnancy. The year was also marked by the first official recognition (认可)that tre

28、ating HIV-infected people with a combination(结合) of antiviral(抗毒素的) drugs is superior to treating them with only AZT, a drug that had been the gold standard of treatment since the late 1980s. At an international conference in Copenhagen, a pane(专门小组)of scientists recommended that patients with the A

29、IDS virus receive combination therapy, although there was still no consensus (一致)on when in the course of the disease the drugs should be started. In December the FDA approved the first of a long-awaited new class of AIDS drugs, called protease inhibitors , Physicians emphasized, however, that the n

30、ew drug, saquinavir, is not a cure and must be taken in combination with other AIDS drugs. A glimmer(微光)of hope for a cure came when a team from the University of Washington reported in November that a new drug, PMPA, prevented monkeys from becoming infected by the monkey version of HIV even when th

31、e virus was injected(注射) directly into the animals. The year also provided the research community (界) , with a few more clues (线索) on how to attack HIV. In June researchers found that 70% of West African women infected with a slow-acting, less easily transmitted(传播)type of the virus were protected a

32、gainst infection by the faster-acting type, which was most common in the West. Earlier in the year hopes for lifesaving(救命的) AIDS treatments or vaccines (痘苗) were also bolstered (支持) by an intriguing(激起好奇心的)and hotly debatedreport that at least two children who had been born infected with the AIDS v

33、irus later became free of it. Despite the mammoth(巨大的) swath(长而宽的地带) of destruction(破坏) that AIDS has cut around the world since it first surfaced(升到水面) just 15 years ago, it took a much rarer(稀有的)and much swifter(反应快的)killer, the Ebola virus, to jolt (唤起) the public out of its complacency(自满) towar

34、d the threat of emerging infectious (感染性的) diseases. （分数：-1.00）(1).Which of the following may refer to an organization?（分数：-0.20）A.AZTB.FDAC.HIVD.AIDS(2).The CDC called on all pregnant women to be tested for HIV_.（分数：-0.20）A.because children will avoid being infected if the mother receives AZT durin

35、g pregnancyB.for two-thirds of the children have been infected with HIVC.in order to prevent the spread of HIV to infantsD.for the purpose of decreasing the risk of an HIV-infected mother passing HIV to her infants(3).Which of the following statements about HIV and AIDS is NOT TRUE?（分数：-0.20）A.There

36、 are different types of HIV in the world.B.HIV may cause AIDS.C.In the U. S. more than 1% of young men are infected by HIV.D.AIDS has done much harm to humans.(4).Compared with AIDS, Ebola virus_.（分数：-0.20）A.affects more people in the worldB.emerged much earlierC.is much more deadlyD.attracts much p

37、ublic attention to the threat of infections diseases(5).According to the passage_.（分数：-0.20）A.most scientists believe that children born infected with the AIDS virus will get rid of it laterB.physicians emphasized that saquinavir should be taken in combination with other drugsC.10% of west African w

38、omen were infected with a slow-acting and less easily transmitted type of HIV virusD.researchers of the University of Washington provided a new cure for AIDSEuthanasia: a Heatedly Debated Topic “We mustnt delay any longer.?swallowing(吞咽) is difficult.and breathing, thats also difficult. Those muscle

39、s are weakening too.we mustnt delay any longer.“ These were the words of Dutchman(荷兰人) Cees van wendel de Joode asking his doctor to help him die. Affected with a serious disease, van Vendel was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapi

40、dly deteriorating. Van Venders last three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands. The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown, it starts a nationwide debate on

41、the subject. The Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permits euthanasia (安乐死) , although it is not technically legal there. However, doctors who carry out euthanasia under strict guidelines introduced by the Dutch Parliament(议会) two years ago are usually not prosecuted. The guidelines de

42、mand that the patient is experiencing extreme suffering, that there is no chance of a cure, and that the patient has made repeated requests for euthanasia. In addition to this, a second doctor must confirm(证实) that these criteria have been met and the death must be reported to the police department.

43、 Should doctors be allowed to take the live of others? Dr. Wilfred Van Oijen, Cees van Vendels doctor, explains how he looks at the question: “Well, its not as if I in planning to murder a crowd of people with a machine gun. In that case, killing is the worst thing I can imagine. But thats entirely

44、different from my work as a doctor. I care for people and I try to ensure that they dont suffer too much. Thats very different thing. “ Many people, though, are totally against the practice of euthanasia. Dr. Andrew Ferguson, Chairman of the organization Healthcare opposed to Euthanasia, says that “

45、in the vast majority of euthanasia cases , what the patient is actually asking for is something else. They may want a health professional to open up communication for them with their loved ones or familytheres nearly always another question behind the question.“ Britain also has a strong tradition o

46、f hospicesspecial hospitals which care only for the dying and their special needs. Cicely Saunders, President of the National Hospice Council and a founder member of the hospice movement, argues that euthanasia doesnt take into account that there are ways of caring for the dying. She is also concern

47、ed that allowing euthanasia would undermine the need for care and consideration of a wide range of people; “Its very easy in society now for the elderly, the disabled (伤残的) and the dependent to feel that they are burdens, and therefore that they ought to opt(脱离) out. I think that anything that legal

48、ly allows the shortening of life does make those people more vulnerable (脆弱的).“ Many find this prohibition of an individuals right to the paternalistic (家长式的). Although they agree that life is important and should be respected, they feel that the quality of life should not be ignored. Dr. Van Oijen

49、believes that people have the fundamental right to choose for themselves if they want to die: “What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people havent the right. And that when people are very ill, we are all afraid of their death. But there are situations where death is a friend. And in those cases, why not?“ But “why not?“ is a question which might cause strong emotion. The film showing Cees Van Vendels death was both moving and sensitive. His doctor was clearly a family friend; his wife had