职称英语(理工类)60及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语(理工类)60 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.If wool is put into hot water, it tends to (shrink).（分数：-1.00）A.smellB.fadeC.hardenD.contract2.His novel was adapted for the stage in 1949 as a musical play (entitled) as St. Louis woman.（分数：-1.00）A.chosen forB.includedC.starredD.named3.Our company is (colla

2、borating) with a Japanese firm in designing a new computer.（分数：-1.00）A.mergingB.allocatingC.communicatingD.cooperating4.William Faulkner was generally (acknowledged) as the major American writer of his time.（分数：-1.00）A.praisedB.prizedC.signedD.regarded5.It is his (assumption) of a false theory that

3、made him pay a high price.（分数：-1.00）A.fearB.beliefC.disappointmentD.dream6.Many economists have given in to the fatal (lure) of mathematics.（分数：-1.00）A.errorB.functionC.attractionD.miracle7.The sound of the drums was (distinct) even from a distance.（分数：-1.00）A.definiteB.edibleC.clearD.sharp8.We were

4、 so greatly (attracted) by the beauty of the West Lake that we decided to visit Hangzhou again the next year.（分数：-1.00）A.fascinatedB.disturbedC.fooledD.surprised9.At the sports meet, athletes (compete) with each other for the gold medals.（分数：-1.00）A.rivalB.attemptC.contendD.trick10.Through a procedu

5、re known as time-sharing, one large computer can be employed (simultaneously) by lots of small users.（分数：-1.00）A.ahead of timeB.all the timeC.at the same timeD.in time11.This book (embraces) many subjects.（分数：-1.00）A.adoptsB.coversC.pressesD.accepts12.The technicians (conducted) investigations befor

6、e they put forward the suggestions at the meeting.（分数：-1.00）A.madeB.directedC.guidedD.controlled13.It is (great) decision for the young boy to have to make.（分数：-1.00）A.weightyB.chiefC.prominentD.remarkable14.In Toms eyes, the restaurant at the corner of the street is a very (smart) one.（分数：-1.00）A.c

7、leverB.elegantC.loyalD.brave15.The football game (started) at 2:30.（分数：-1.00）A.beganB.continuedC.endedD.happenedInterview The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist are reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these book

8、s, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the “how to“ aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications. Much of the “how to“ material is base

9、d on personal experiences and general impressions. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed. There is, as has been suggested, a gr

10、owing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written

11、. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical (经验的) aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literatu

12、re on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modem Western societies are more familiar, at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than any other form of interviewing. Most of us

13、 are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar

14、situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, the understanding

15、 of the journalistic interview, especially television interview, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates. （分数：-0.98）(1).The main idea of the first paragraph is that importance should be attached to the systematic study of journalistic interviewing.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.Wrong

16、C.Not Mentioned(2).Much research has been done on interviews in general, so the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthened.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(3).Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview, but most of them may not have been interviewed in p

17、erson.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(4).The patient is the interviewee in a clinical interview.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(5).The passage is most like a part of a journalistic interview.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(6).We should pay attention to the interview in a clin

18、ical interview.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(7).The television interviews doesnt require thoughtful analyses.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not MentionedArchitecture Architecture is to building as literature is to the printed word. The best buildings ate often so well constructed that they outl

19、ast their original use. They then survive not only as beautiful objects, but as documents of the history of cultures. These achievements are never wholly the work of individuals. Architecture is a social art. The renaissance brought about an entirely new age, not only in philosophy and literature bu

20、t in the visual arts as well. In architecture, the principles and styles of ancient Greece and Rome were brought back to life and reinterpreted. They remain dominant until the 20th century. Many kinds of stone are used as building materials. Stone and marble were chosen for important monuments becau

21、se they are not burnable and Can be expected to endure. Stone architecture was often blended with stone sculpture. The use of stone has declined, however, because a number of other materials ate more adaptable to industrial use. The complexity of modem lire calls for a variety of buildings. More peo

22、ple live in mass housing and go to work in large office buildings; they spend their income in large shopping centers, send their children to many different kinds of schools, and when they ate sick they go to specialized hospitals and clinics. All these different types of buildings accumulated experi

23、ences needed by their designers. By the middle of the 20th century, modem architecture, which was influenced by new technology and mass production, was dealing with increasingly complex social needs. Important characteristics of modem architectural works are expanses of glass and the use of reinforc

24、ed concrete. Advances in elevator technology, air conditioning, and electric lighting have all had important effects. A. Building Materials B. Need of Greater Building Varieties in Modern Life C. Restoration of Ancient Civilizations D. Evolution in Style E. Factors Affecting Modem Architectur 6 F. A

25、 Social Art （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(5).Some buildings are so well constructed that they are not only useful_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).Ancient Greek and Roman architectural styles, wh

26、ich were restored during renaissance, were still influential（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(7).As modem life becomes more complex, people have to put up many different kinds of buildings_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(8).The use of new building materials and the introduction of such new technology as the elevator and the

27、 air-conditioner have played all important role_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.Natural Health Care Natural health care is a philosophy and a set of principles and practices based on science that lead to an extraordinary level of personal health and happiness. It recognizes the unity of all life and holds that p

28、hysical, mental, and emotional health cannot be separated, and that personal health, environmental health, and community health are parts of a whole. Natural hygiene (卫生学) teaches that the best way to achieve best health is right livingdeveloping self-esteem and a positive attitude towards life; eat

29、ing fresh, whole natural foods; exercising regularly; getting plenty of rest and sleep; getting plenty of fresh air and sunshine; learning to handle stress; and avoiding all negative influences of life. Basic principles: Natural health care is unique in its argument that health is normalas simple as

30、 living in harmony with nature. Health and disease are a continuum (连续统一体)the same physiological (生理的) laws govern the body in sickness and in health. Healing (康复) is a biological processexcept in extraordinary circumstances, healing is the result of actions undertaken by the body on its own behalf.

31、 The tradition of natural health care: The traditional principles of natural hygiene are explained by Herbert M. Shelton in his Natural Hygiene: The Plain Way of Life. Shelton writes: It should not require argument to convince intelligent men and women that man can return to health and strength only

32、 upon a basis of law, natural law, specifically, upon a basis of those laws that operate to make human life possible. All laws essential to the welfare of man are written in his own constitution. Every rule of human conduct to be valued in promoting human welfare and happiness must be in harmony wit

33、h his nature. No law, no social custom, no moral principle, can have any validity (有效性) for man that does not agree with his highest welfare. If it is not closely related to mans highest physical, moral and intellectual fitness, it cannot be consistent with his highest ideals of truth, duty and enjo

34、yment. （分数：-1.00）(1).According to the passage, physical, mental, and emotional health are_.（分数：-0.20）A.closely linkedB.completely unrelatedC.pretty much the sameD.quite unimportant(2).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of right living?（分数：-0.20）A.Taking a positive attitude towards

35、 life.B.Learning to give in.C.Sleeping as much as possible.D.Exercising regularly.(3).In view of the basic principles of natural health care, which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：-0.20）A.Health means living in harmony with nature.B.Healing is a biological process.C.The same physiologica

36、l laws govern the body in sickness and in health.D.There is no difference between health and disease.(4).In Sheltons eyes, trying to convince intelligent people that man can return to health only on a basis of natural law_.（分数：-0.20）A.may prove difficultB.is impossibleC.will need a great deal of arg

37、umentD.should be easy(5).No rule of human conduct can be considered important in promoting the welfare of man unless_.（分数：-0.20）A.it has been turned into a lawB.it is in harmony with his natureC.it has nothing to do with his highest fitnessD.it disagrees with his highest idealsPremature Smoking: A S

38、erious Problem The third report on smoking and health from the Royal College of Physicians, which was published this month, contains important new sections on the smoking habits of children and the possible effect, on their future health. These include a twenty fold in the increase in the risk of lu

39、ng cancer in heavy smokers and an increase of about three and a half times in the risk of dying from coronary(冠状的) heart disease; chronic(慢性的) oronchitis (支气管炎) and emphysema(肺气肿) are also much commoner. Teachers play an important part in determining the attitude of children to smoking, whether or n

40、ot the children start to smoke, and in providing knowledge about the consequences of smoking. Whenever I see children of school age openly smoking in public, I wonder whether they really understand what they are doing. Probably most do not. I at least know that my clinical practice in lung disease w

41、ill not be short of patients for the rest of my working life. About 34 percent of boys aged 15 smoke, and two thirds of this number of girls. Over the past ten years there has been a small but welcome reduction in the number of boys who smoke at this age, but an increase in the number of girls. One

42、large study has shown that of those children who smoke more than one cigarette, as many as 85 percent become habitual (习惯的) smokers. This is partly because nicotine is one of the most dependentproducing drugs known, on a par with heroin and other hard drugs in this respect. One in three smokers star

43、t before the age of nine, some even as young as five. The causes of premature death which one-third of smokers will suffer, and of the prolonged illnesses which affect so many of them, are described in the report; its enough to say that the younger a child starts to smoke the greater are his chances

44、 of dying early. It has been shown that children who smoke have certain characteristics. Compared with nonsmokers they are more rebellious(反抗的), their work deteriorates(使变坏) as they move up school, they are more likely to leave school early, and are more often delinquent(违法的) and sexually(性的) precoc

45、ious(早熟). Many of these features can be summarized as anticipation of adulthood. There are a number of factors which determine the onset(开始) of smoking, and these are largely psychological and social. They include availability of cigarettes, curiosity, rebelliousness, appearing tough, anticipation o

46、f adulthood, social confidence, example of parents and teachers, and smoking by friends and older brothers and sisters. It should be much easier to prevent children from starting to smoke than to persuades adults to give up the habit once established, but in fact, this has proved very difficult. The

47、 example set by people in authority, especially parents, health care workers, and teachers, is of prime importance. School rules should forbid smoking by children on the premises (场所). This rule has even been introduced at Summerhill School where I spent my school days. There is, however, a risk of

48、children smoking just to rebel against the rules, and even in those schools which have tried to enforce no smoking by corporeal (肉体的) punishment there is much smoking as in other schools, Nevertheless, banning smoking is probably on balance beneficial. Teachers too should not smoke on school premise

49、s, at least not in front of children. （分数：-1.00）(1).People who smoke heavily_.（分数：-0.20）A.run a twenty-to-one risk of contracting lung cancerB.are most certain to suffer from one or more of lung and heart complaintsC.are more prone than other people to certain lung complaintsD.many run more risk of contracting certain lung and heart disease(2).What connection is suggested in the passage between smoking and heroin addiction?（分数：-0.20）A.Smoking is almost as harmful as taking heroin.B.Smoking should be considered as a form of drug addiction