职称英语(卫生类)17及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语(卫生类)17 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.In violin making, the (choice) of the wood is crucial.（分数：-1.00）A.selectionB.grainC.resonanceD.shape2.During the United States Civil war, many people in the south were forced to (flee) their home.（分数：-1.00）A.pay taxes onB.run away fromC.rebuildD.return to3.M

2、y little daughter kept pulling my hair and I was really (annoyed).（分数：-1.00）A.angryB.hurtC.troubledD.stimulating4.He is (accustomed) to working hard.（分数：-1.00）A.anxiousB.likelyC.usedD.willing5.He (comprehends) the theory of relativity.（分数：-1.00）A.learnsB.teachesC.understandsD.investigates .6.The lan

3、d crab, a forest-floor scavenger native to tropical America, migrates to the water to (breed).（分数：-1.00）A.dieB.swimC.mateD.hatch7.He has (thought out) the best way of saving oil for your car.（分数：-1.00）A.consideredB.decidedC.devotedD.devised8.The U.S was in 1850 a (divided) nation half slave and half

4、 free.（分数：-1.00）A.alliedB.combinedC.unitedD.separate9.Dont be so (innocent) as to believe everything the politicians say.（分数：-1.00）A.ignorantB.illiterateC.simpleD.stupid10.A lamp was (suspended) from the ceiling.（分数：-1.00）A.hidB.heldC.hookedD.hung11.The football game (started) at 2:30.（分数：-1.00）A.be

5、ganB.continuedC.endedD.happened12.The train came to an (abrupt) stop, making us wonder where we were.（分数：-1.00）A.slowB.noisyC.suddenD.jumpy13.There was a (number) of children on the playground.（分数：-1.00）A.classB.great crowdC.small groupD.line14.I think this is a (deliberate) insult.（分数：-1.00）A.carel

6、essB.intentionalC.humiliatingD.serious15.Eating too much fat can (lead to) heart disease and cause high blood pressure.（分数：-1.00）A.attribute toB.attend toC.contribute toD.devote toMost Adults in U. S. Have Low Risk of Heart Disease More than 80 percent of US adults have a less than 10 percent risk o

7、f developing heart disease in the next 10 years, according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent. “I hope that these numbers will give physicians, researchers, health policy analysts, and others a better idea of how coron

8、ary heart disease is distributed in the US population, “ lead author Dr. Earl S. Ford, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, said in a statement. The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects, between 20 and 79 years of age, who participated in the Third N

9、ational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994. Overall, 82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent, 15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent, and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent. The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased wit

10、h advancing age, and men were more likely than women to be in this group. By contrast, race or ethnicity had little effect on risk distributions. Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease, a large proportion have a high or immediate risk, Dr. Daniel S. Be

11、rman, from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, and Dr. Nathan D. Wong, from the University of California at Irvine, note in a related editorial. Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward, they add. （分数：-0.98）(1).The 10

12、-year risk of heart disease is low for most US adults.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Only 3 percent of US adults have a more than 10 percent 10-year risk of heart disease.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).More than l00 thousand people participated in the survey.（分数：-0.14）A.Right

13、B.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).There was a greater proportion of men than women in the survey.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The distributions of the risk of heart disease are closely related to race.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Elderly people have a higher risk of heart disease

14、 than younger people.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The US government will take measures to reduce the overall population risk.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentionedMore Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new research s

15、uggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences. Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep, as well as a number of other sleep problems, than pe

16、ople who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a nights sleep than 8-hour sleepers. These findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who

17、want to get a good nights rest may not need to set aside more than 8 hours a night. He added that“ it might be a good idea“ for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this. Previou

18、s studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleepfor instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more. For the current report, Kripke reviewed the respon

19、ses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much they slept during the Week and whether they experienced any sleep problems. Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep, and having

20、 fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning. Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours. In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply bec

21、ause they spend too much time in bed. As evidence, he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed. “ It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they11 spend a higher percentage of time awake, “he said. A. Keprikes research tool B. Dangers of Habitua

22、l shortages of sleep C. Criticism on Kripkes report D. A way of overcoming insomnia E. Sleep problems of long and short sleepers （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(2).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 6（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(5).To get a good nights re

23、st, people may not need to_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.F.(6).Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(7).One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night, unable to_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(8).One survey showed that people who habitually_ each night have a higher risk

24、of dying.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.Vegetarianism A strict vegetarian is a person who never in his life eats anything derived from animals. The main objection to vegetarianism on a long-term basis is the difficulty to getting enough protein, the body building elements in food. If you have ever been without m

25、eat or animal foods for some days of weeks(say, religious reasons) you will have noticed that you tend to get physically rather weak. You are glad when the fast is over and you get your reward of a succulent meat meal. Proteins are built up from approximately twenty food elements called “amino-acids

26、“, which are found more abundantly in animal protein than in vegetable protein. This means you have to eat a great deal more vegetable than animal food in order to get enough of these amino-acids. A great of the vegetable food goes to waste in this process and from the physiological point of view th

27、ere is not much to be said in favor of life-long vegetarianism. The economic side of the question, though, must be considered. Vegetable food is much cheaper than animal food. However, since only a small proportion of the vegetable protein is useful for body-building purposes, a consistent vegetaria

28、n, if he is to gain the necessary 70 grams of protein a day, has to consume a greater bulk of food than his digestive organs can comfortably deal with. In fairness, though, it must be pointed out that vegetarians claim they need far less than 70 grams of protein a day. Whether or not vegetarianism s

29、hould be advocated for adults, it is definitely unsatisfactory for growing children, who need more protein than they can get from vegetable sources. A lacto-vegetarian diet, which includes milk and milk products such as cheese, can, however, be satisfactory as long as enough milk and milk products a

30、re consumed. Meat and cheese are the best sources of usable digestible and next come milk, fish and eggs. Slow and careful cooking of meat makes it more digestible and assists in the breaking down of the protein content by the body. When cooking vegetables, however, the vitamins, and in particular t

31、he water-solube vitamin C, should be lost through overcooking. （分数：-1.00）(1).A vegetarian is a person who_.（分数：-0.20）A.eats the meat of animals onlyB.eats the vegetable onlyC.drinks milk onlyD.eat nothing at all(2).Compared with vegetable food animal food contains_.（分数：-0.20）A.more proteinsB.more nu

32、trientsC.more mineralsD.more amino-acids(3).The underlined word “lacto-vegetarian“ (in Para. 4) means_.（分数：-0.20）A.very strict vegetarianB.false-vegetarianC.not strict vegetarianD.non-vegetarian(4).From the passage, we know that_.（分数：-0.20）A.to gain enough protein, one must consume much more vegetab

33、le food than animal foodB.cooking vegetables for long time makes it more digestibleC.milk is the best source of usable animal proteinD.the most common deficiencies in Western diets are those of vitamins(5).Which of the following is best reflected the authors attitude?（分数：-0.20）A.Vegetarianism is not

34、 good for ones health.B.Vegetarianism should be advocated for adults.C.One should have a well-balanced diet containing elements of all foods.D.A lacto-vegetarian diet is the best as it provides adequate nutrition.Natural Medicines Since earliest days, humans have used some kinds of medicines. We kno

35、w this because humans have survived. Ancient treatments for injury and disease were successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely. They were successful long before the time of modern medicine. Before the time of doctors with white coats and shiny (发亮的) instruments. Before the time of bi

36、g hospitals with strange and wonderful equipment. Many parts of the world still do not have university-educated doctors. Nor do they have expensive hospitals. Yet injuries are treated. And diseases are often cured. How? By ancient methods. By medicines that might seem mysterious, even magical (有魔力的)

37、. Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical, however. Through the centuries, tribal (部落的) medicine men experimented with plants. They found many useful chemicals in the plants. And scientists believe many of these traditional medicines may provide the cure for some of todays most seri

38、ous diseases. Experts say almost 80% of the people in the world use plants for health care. These natural medicines are used not just because people have no other form of treatment. They are used because people trust them. In developed areas, few people think about the source of the medicines they b

39、uy in a store. Yet many widely-used medicines are from ancient sources, especially plants. Some experts say more than 25% of modern medicines come, in one way or another, from nature. Scientists have long known that nature is really a chemical factory. All living things contain chemicals that help t

40、hem survive. So scientists interest in traditional medicine is not new. But it has become an urgent concern. This is because the earths supply of natural medicines may be dropping rapidly. （分数：-1.00）(1).The passage indicates that ancient treatments for injury and disease were_.（分数：-0.20）A.much more

41、successful than modern onesB.successful in all casesC.successful enough for humans to surviveD.of little help to humans(2).Which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：-0.20）A.Many big and modern hospitals are expensive.B.Modern medicines are now available all over the world.C.Traditional medic

42、ines are neither mysterious nor magical.D.Humans have used some kinds of medicines since earliest days.(3).It is believed by scientists that traditional medicines_.（分数：-0.20）A.can cure all kinds of diseasesB.are no longer useful for modern menC.may cure some of todays most serious diseasesD.are too

43、cheap to be useful(4).What do the majority of the people in the world use for health care?（分数：-0.20）A.Plants.B.Factory-produced chemicals.C.Modern medicines.D.Strange and wonderful equipment.(5).It can be seen from the passage that the earths supply of natural medicines_.（分数：-0.20）A.may never be exh

44、austedB.is surprisingly bigC.may be dropping rapidlyD.is as rich as everEuthanasia: a Heatedly Debated Topic “We mustnt delay any longer.?swallowing(吞咽) is difficult.and breathing, thats also difficult. Those muscles are weakening too.we mustnt delay any longer.“ These were the words of Dutchman(荷兰人

45、) Cees van wendel de Joode asking his doctor to help him die. Affected with a serious disease, van Vendel was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating. Van Venders last three months of life before being given a final,

46、lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands. The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown, it starts a nationwide debate on the subject. The Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permits euthanasia (

47、安乐死) , although it is not technically legal there. However, doctors who carry out euthanasia under strict guidelines introduced by the Dutch Parliament(议会) two years ago are usually not prosecuted. The guidelines demand that the patient is experiencing extreme suffering, that there is no chance of a

48、 cure, and that the patient has made repeated requests for euthanasia. In addition to this, a second doctor must confirm(证实) that these criteria have been met and the death must be reported to the police department. Should doctors be allowed to take the live of others? Dr. Wilfred Van Oijen, Cees va

49、n Vendels doctor, explains how he looks at the question: “Well, its not as if I in planning to murder a crowd of people with a machine gun. In that case, killing is the worst thing I can imagine. But thats entirely different from my work as a doctor. I care for people and I try to ensure that they dont suffer too much. Thats very different thing. “ Many people, though, are totally against the practice of euthanasia. Dr. Andrew Ferguson, Chairman of the organization Healthcar