职称英语(卫生类)15及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语(卫生类)15 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.The development of the transistor and integrated circuits revolutionized the electronics industry by allowing components to be packaged more (densely).（分数：-1.00）A.compactlyB.inexpensivelyC.quicklyD.carefully2.All foreign troops must (withdraw) from the count

2、ry.（分数：-1.00）A.retainB.retireC.reviseD.retreat3.When he arrived home, he (deposited) his coat on the floor.（分数：-1.00）A.keptB.locatedC.storedD.placed4.Dont (hesitate) to let me know if there is anything I can do for you.（分数：-1.00）A.pauseB.refuseC.rejectD.wait5.Professor Clark continued his research w

3、ork and (disregarded) his colleagues advice.（分数：-1.00）A.ignoredB.exploredC.realizedD.recognized6.It is (odd) that so little is known about the talented painter.（分数：-1.00）A.surprisingB.unreasonableC.strangeD.unbelievable7.Being colleagues for ten years, they have become (intimate) friends.（分数：-1.00）A

4、.closeB.newC.kindD.closely8.The (first) talks between China and the United States were the base of the later agreement.（分数：-1.00）A.primaryB.originalC.initialD.primitive9.The earthquake has caused serious (damage) to this city.（分数：-1.00）A.destructionB.hurtC.injuryD.wound10.A (bare) hill appears behin

5、d the jungle.（分数：-1.00）A.baldB.humidC.immenseD.level11.The college offers courses in a variety of (trades).（分数：-1.00）A.businessB.firmC.workD.occupation12.Comets are still regarded with (fright) by some people.（分数：-1.00）A.dreadB.concernC.detachmentD.resentment13.Three straight lines meeting at three

6、points (constitute) a triangle.（分数：-1.00）A.center onB.come down toC.consist ofD.form14.Eating too much fat can (lead to) heart disease and cause high blood pressure.（分数：-1.00）A.attribute toB.attend toC.contribute toD.devote to15.He often (finds fault with) my work.（分数：-1.00）A.criticizesB.praisesC.ev

7、aluatesD.talks aboutGlobal Warming and Technological changes Recent studies have identified four major global environmental risks: acid rain, ozone depletion, deforestation and the greenhouse effect. On the whole, thanks to technological changes, people now tend to move toward warmer regions in Nort

8、h America and Europe. Climate warming will probably be a boon to Alaska, which is Americas least productive state in Gross National Product(GNP)per square mile. Studies of the impact of global warming on the United States and other developed regions find that the most vulnerable areas are those depe

9、ndent on unmanaged ecosystemson naturally occurring rainfall, run-off and temperatures, and the extremes of these variables. Agriculture, forestry and coastal activities fall into this category. Most economic activity in industrialized countries, however, depends very little on the climate. Intensiv

10、e-care units of hospitals, communications, heavy manufacturing and microelectronics are among the sectors likely to be unaffected by climatic change. In selecting whether to set up in, say, Hong Kong or in Warsaw, few businesses will consider temperature a weighty factor. Greenhouse warming would ha

11、ve little effect on Americas national output. About 3% of American GNP originates in climate sensitive sectors such as farming and forestry. Another 10% comes from sectors only modestly sensitive-energy, water systems, property and construction. For the largest share, 87% , comes from sectors, inclu

12、ding most services, that are negligibly affected by climate change. （分数：-0.98）(1).The article is talking about the acid rain.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(2).Climate warming will probably not be a blessing to Alaska.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(3).Farming must consider climate a

13、n as important factor.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(4).13% of American GNP come from sectors affected by climate changes.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(5).In industrialized countries, services are scarcely affected by climate changes.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(6).Ozon

14、e depletion is not a environmental problem.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(7).Climate changes play an important part in communications.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not MentionedArchitecture Architecture is to building as literature is to the printed word. The best buildings ate often so well co

15、nstructed that they outlast their original use. They then survive not only as beautiful objects, but as documents of the history of cultures. These achievements are never wholly the work of individuals. Architecture is a social art. The renaissance brought about an entirely new age, not only in phil

16、osophy and literature but in the visual arts as well. In architecture, the principles and styles of ancient Greece and Rome were brought back to life and reinterpreted. They remain dominant until the 20th century. Many kinds of stone are used as building materials. Stone and marble were chosen for i

17、mportant monuments because they are not burnable and Can be expected to endure. Stone architecture was often blended with stone sculpture. The use of stone has declined, however, because a number of other materials ate more adaptable to industrial use. The complexity of modem lire calls for a variet

18、y of buildings. More people live in mass housing and go to work in large office buildings; they spend their income in large shopping centers, send their children to many different kinds of schools, and when they ate sick they go to specialized hospitals and clinics. All these different types of buil

19、dings accumulated experiences needed by their designers. By the middle of the 20th century, modem architecture, which was influenced by new technology and mass production, was dealing with increasingly complex social needs. Important characteristics of modem architectural works are expanses of glass

20、 and the use of reinforced concrete. Advances in elevator technology, air conditioning, and electric lighting have all had important effects. A. Building Materials B. Need of Greater Building Varieties in Modern Life C. Restoration of Ancient Civilizations D. Evolution in Style E. Factors Affecting

21、Modem Architectur 6 F. A Social Art （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(5).Some buildings are so well constructed that they are not only useful_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).Ancient Greek and Roman

22、architectural styles, which were restored during renaissance, were still influential（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(7).As modem life becomes more complex, people have to put up many different kinds of buildings_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(8).The use of new building materials and the introduction of such new technology

23、 as the elevator and the air-conditioner have played all important role_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.Americans Decrease Increasingly, historians are blaming diseases imported from the Old World for the staggering disparity(不同) between the indigenous (本土的) population of America in 1492new estimates of which so

24、ar as high as 100 million, or approximately one-sixth of the human race at that timeand the few million full-blooded Native Americans alive at the end of the nineteenth century. There is no doubt that chronic disease was an important factor in the precipitous(险峻的) decline, and it is highly probable

25、that the greatest killer was epidemic disease, especially as manifested in virgin-soil (处女地) epidemics. Virgin-soil epidemics are those in which the populations at risk have had no previous contact with the diseases that strike them and are therefore immunologically(免疫学的) almost defenseless. That vi

26、rgin-soil epidemics were important in American history is strongly indicated by evidence that a number of dangerous maladies(病)small pox, measles(麻疹) ,malaria(疟病), yellow fever, and undoubtedly several more were unknown in the pre-Columbian New World. The effects of their sudden introduction are dem

27、onstrated in the early chronicles of America, which contain reports of horrendous (可怕的) epidemics and steep population declines, confirmed in many cases by recent equantitative analyses of Spanish tribute records and other sources. The evidence provided by the documents of British and French colonie

28、s is not as definitive because the conquerors of those areas did not establish permanent settlements and begin to keep continuous records until the seventieth century, by which time the worst epidemics had probably already taken place. Furthermore , the British tended to drive the native populations

29、 away, rather than enslaving them as the Spaniards did, so that the epidemics of British America occurred beyond the range of colonists direct observation. Even so, the surviving records of North America do contain references to deadly epidemics among the indigenous population. In 16161619 an epidem

30、ic, possibly of bubonic or pneumonic (肺的) plague (瘟疫), swept coastal New England, killing as many as nine out of ten. During the 1630s small-pox, the disease most fatal to the Native American people, eliminated half the population of the Huron and Iroquois confederations. In the 1820s fever devastat

31、ed the people of the Coulumbia River area, killing eight out of ten of them. Unfortunately, the documentation of these and other epidemics is slight and frequently unreliable, and it is necessary to supplement what little we do know with evidence from recent epidemics among Native Americans. For exa

32、mple, in 1952 an outbreak of measles among the Native American inhabitants of Ungava Bay. Quebec, affected 99 percent of the population and killed 7 percent, even though some had the benefit of modern medicine. Cases such as this demonstrate that even diseases that are not normally fatal can have de

33、vastating consequences when they strike an immunologically defenseless community. （分数：-1.00）(1).The primary purpose of the passage is to _.（分数：-0.20）A.refute a common misconceptionB.provide support for hypothesisC.analyze an argumentD.suggest a solution to a dilemma(2).According to the passage, virg

34、in-soil epidemics can be distinguished from other catastrophic outbreaks of disease in that virgin-soil epidemics_.（分数：-0.20）A.recur more frequently than other chronic diseasesB.affect a minimum of one-half of a given populationC.involve populations with no prior exposure to a diseasesD.usually invo

35、lve a number of interacting diseases(3).According to the passage, the British colonialists differed from the Spanish colonialists in that the former_.（分数：-0.20）A.collected tribute from the native peopleB.kept records from a very early dataC.drove Native Americans off the landD.were unable to provide

36、 medical care against epidemic disease(4).The author implies which of the following statements about measles?（分数：-0.20）A.It is not usually a fatal disease.B.It ceased to be a problem by the seventieth century.C.It is the disease most commonly involved in virgin-soil epidemics.D.It was not a signific

37、ant problem in Spanish colonies.(5).Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the Native American inhabitants of Ungava Bay?（分数：-0.20）A.They were almost all killed by the 1952 epidemic.B.They were immunologically defenseless against measles.C.They were the last native people to b

38、e struck by a virgin-soil epidemic.D.They did not come into frequent contact with white Americans until the twentieth century.Old Mothers Children Have Higher Diabetes (糖尿病) Risk Children of older mothers run a higher risk of developing insulin-dependent (胰岛素依赖型的) diabetes, the British Medical Journ

39、al said. “A strong association was found between increasing maternal (母亲的) age at delivery and risk of (insulin-dependent) diabetes in the child. Risk was highest in firstborn children and decreased progressively with higher birth order,“ Professor Edwin Gale and colleagues at Southmead Hospital in

40、Bristol said. Diabetes is a serious, incurable, lifelong disease characterized (以作为特性) by all inability to control the amount of sugar in the blood. Insulin-dependent diabetes, which mainly affects children, is treated by administering the hormone insulin. Gale looked into 1,375 families in the Oxfo

41、rd area where one or more children had diabetes and found that the risk of a child developing insulin-dependent diabetes increased by 25 percent for each five-year band of the mothers age. The risk of developing diabetes was also linked to the age of the father. For every five-year band of the fathe

42、rs age the risk of the child developing diabetes increased by nine percent. The risk of diabetes was high?est among the firstborn children of mothers who started their families late and the risk decreased by about 15 percent for each subsequent child, the BMJ said. The older the mother, the earlier

43、the start of insulin-dependent diabetes in the child. Other studies have already shown that children born to older mothers, over the age of 35, have an increased risk of diabetes but this study is the first to establish that risk increases continuously in relation to increasing maternal age, Dr. Pol

44、ly Bingley of Southmead Hospital told Reuters (路透社). The new study is the first to show that risk is related to birth order. The study also partly explains increasing diabetes. Between 1970 and 1996 the proportion of children born to mothers aged between 30 and 34 increased to 28 percent from 15 per

45、cent and this could account for rising numbers of childhood diabetes patients, the scientists said in the alarming increase in the rate of (insulin-dependent) diabetes among children in recent years. “This study may well provide a clue to the understanding of this problem. It is most likely that the

46、re are a number of factors to explain the increase,“ Diabetes UK said. There are some 1.4 million diagnosed diabetes sufferers in Britain, the charity Diabetes UK said. Of these 1.4 million sufferers there are 20,000 people under age 20 who suffer from insulin-dependent diabetes. （分数：-1.00）(1).Accor

47、ding to the passage, the risk of a child developing insulin-dependent diabetes is linked to all the following factors EXCEPT_.（分数：-0.20）A.the amount of sugar he or she consumesB.the age of the fatherC.birth orderD.the maternal age at delivery(2).What kind of child may be at the highest risk of devel

48、oping insulin-dependent diabetes?（分数：-0.20）A.The first-born children whose mothers started their families late.B.The children whose mothers are five years younger than their fathers.C.The third-born children whose fathers got married late.D.The children whose fathers are five years younger than thei

49、r mothers.(3).What is the correlation between the mothers age and the time when the child develops insulin-dependent diabetes?（分数：-0.20）A.The younger the mother, the earlier the start of diabetes in the child.B.The older the mother, the later the start of diabetes in the child.C.The older the mother, the earlier the start of diabetes in the child.D.The mothers age has little to do with the time when the child develops insulin-dependent diabetes.(4).According to the passage, the alarming increase in the rate of diabetes among chil