职称英语(卫生类)11及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语(卫生类)11 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.He (comprehends) the theory of relativity.（分数：-1.00）A.learnsB.teachesC.understandsD.investigates .2.The little girls were (commended) for their wonderful dance presentation.（分数：-1.00）A.pleasedB.respectedC.praisedD.recommended3.The short stories of Katherine

2、Mansfield demonstrate her keen perceptions of human (character).（分数：-1.00）A.natureB.statusC.comedyD.appetite4.The students had a lot of trouble (concentrating) on their study because of the noise from the construction outside.（分数：-1.00）A.focusingB.carrying outC.paying forD.continuing with5.During th

3、e United States Civil war, many people in the south were forced to (flee) their home.（分数：-1.00）A.pay taxes onB.run away fromC.rebuildD.return to6.The stories of Sarah Orne Jewett are considered by many to be more (authentically) regional than those of Bret Harte.（分数：-1.00）A.elegantlyB.genuinelyC.int

4、entionallyD.thoroughly7.The teachers want to (do away with) cheating in their school.（分数：-1.00）A.do credit toB.retainC.put an end toD.substitute for8.At the sports meet, athletes (compete) with each other for the gold medals.（分数：-1.00）A.rivalB.attemptC.contendD.trick9.She (longed) to be envied and s

5、ought after.（分数：-1.00）A.hopedB.wantedC.was eagerD.wished10.Alex knew that he must (breathe) nothing of this to Nancy.（分数：-1.00）A.believeB.talkC.secretD.tell11.A central objective of the developed country was to (alleviate) the problems of the urban poor.（分数：-1.00）A.lessenB.identifyC.overcomeD.regula

6、te12.All foreign troops must (withdraw) from the country.（分数：-1.00）A.retainB.retireC.reviseD.retreat13.Grandfather would (stay up) till small hours reading.（分数：-1.00）A.sit upB.sit inC.sit onD.sit through14.The policeman (cautioned) us about the icy roads after the heavy snowfall last night.（分数：-1.00

7、）A.informedB.remindC.describedD.alerted15.The New Year is coming. We decided to give our room a (thorough) clean.（分数：-1.00）A.carefulB.completeC.realD.seriousMost Adults in U. S. Have Low Risk of Heart Disease More than 80 percent of US adults have a less than 10 percent risk of developing heart dise

8、ase in the next 10 years, according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent. “I hope that these numbers will give physicians, researchers, health policy analysts, and others a better idea of how coronary heart disease is di

9、stributed in the US population, “ lead author Dr. Earl S. Ford, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, said in a statement. The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects, between 20 and 79 years of age, who participated in the Third National Health and Nutr

10、ition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994. Overall, 82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent, 15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent, and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent. The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age, and me

11、n were more likely than women to be in this group. By contrast, race or ethnicity had little effect on risk distributions. Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease, a large proportion have a high or immediate risk, Dr. Daniel S. Berman, from Cedars-Sinai

12、 Medical Center in Los Angeles, and Dr. Nathan D. Wong, from the University of California at Irvine, note in a related editorial. Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward, they add. （分数：-0.98）(1).The 10-year risk of heart dis

13、ease is low for most US adults.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Only 3 percent of US adults have a more than 10 percent 10-year risk of heart disease.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).More than l00 thousand people participated in the survey.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(

14、4).There was a greater proportion of men than women in the survey.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The distributions of the risk of heart disease are closely related to race.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Elderly people have a higher risk of heart disease than younger people.（分

15、数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The US government will take measures to reduce the overall population risk.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentionedIce Cream For Dogs 1. Humans not only love eating ice cream, they enjoy feeding it to their pets(宠物). Market studies show that two-thirds of all

16、dog owners give ice cream to their dogs. Unfortunately, says William Tyznik, an expert on animal nutrition(营养)at Ohio State University, ice cream is not good for dogs. “It has milk sugar in it,“ he says,“ which dogs cannot digest very well. “ 2. Bothered by that knowledge but aware of the desire of

17、dog owners to please their companions, Tyznik invented a new frozen treat for dogs that, he says, is more nutritious than ice creamand as much fun to eat. The product, called Frosty Paws, is made of a liquid by-product (副产品) of cheese and milk with the sugar removed. Frosty Paws also contains refine

18、d soy flour, water, vegetable oil, vitamins and minerals. It took Tyznik, who has also invented a horse feed (called Tizwhiz)and another dog food (named Tizbits), three years to perfect the Frosty Paws formulas, and two attempts to commercialize it. After losing B 25, 000 trying to market the invent

19、ion himself, Tyznik sold the rights to Associated Ice Cream of Westervile, Ohio, which makes the product and packages it in cups. 3. Tyznik claims that Frosty Paws has been tested extensively and that “dogs love it“. Of 1,400 dogs that have been offered the product, he says, 89 percent took it on th

20、e first try. Three out of four preferred it to Milk-Bone or sausages. The product, which will be available in the ice-cream section of supermarkets, comes in packs of three or four cups, costing between 6 1. 79. 4. What would happen if a human should mistake Frosty Paws for real ice cream? Nothing,

21、says Tyznik. Its harmless, but frankly, he says, it wont taste very good. A. The price of Frosty Paws B. No harm to human C. The creation of a new kind of ice cream for dogs D. Harm to human E. Feeding ice-creams to dogs F. Attraction to dogs （分数：-1.04）(1).Para 1（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(2).Para 2（分数：-0.

22、13）A.B.C.D.(3).Para 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).Para 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(5).Dogs cant digest_ very well.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).The ice cream for dogs is made of a liquid_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(7).The ice cream can be bought in_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.F.(8).It is sold in packs of 3 or 4_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.

23、Natural Health Care Natural health care is a philosophy and a set of principles and practices based on science that lead to an extraordinary level of personal health and happiness. It recognizes the unity of all life and holds that physical, mental, and emotional health cannot be separated, and that

24、 personal health, environmental health, and community health are parts of a whole. Natural hygiene (卫生学) teaches that the best way to achieve best health is right livingdeveloping self-esteem and a positive attitude towards life; eating fresh, whole natural foods; exercising regularly; getting plent

25、y of rest and sleep; getting plenty of fresh air and sunshine; learning to handle stress; and avoiding all negative influences of life. Basic principles: Natural health care is unique in its argument that health is normalas simple as living in harmony with nature. Health and disease are a continuum

26、(连续统一体)the same physiological (生理的) laws govern the body in sickness and in health. Healing (康复) is a biological processexcept in extraordinary circumstances, healing is the result of actions undertaken by the body on its own behalf. The tradition of natural health care: The traditional principles o

27、f natural hygiene are explained by Herbert M. Shelton in his Natural Hygiene: The Plain Way of Life. Shelton writes: It should not require argument to convince intelligent men and women that man can return to health and strength only upon a basis of law, natural law, specifically, upon a basis of th

28、ose laws that operate to make human life possible. All laws essential to the welfare of man are written in his own constitution. Every rule of human conduct to be valued in promoting human welfare and happiness must be in harmony with his nature. No law, no social custom, no moral principle, can hav

29、e any validity (有效性) for man that does not agree with his highest welfare. If it is not closely related to mans highest physical, moral and intellectual fitness, it cannot be consistent with his highest ideals of truth, duty and enjoyment. （分数：-1.00）(1).According to the passage, physical, mental, an

30、d emotional health are_.（分数：-0.20）A.closely linkedB.completely unrelatedC.pretty much the sameD.quite unimportant(2).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of right living?（分数：-0.20）A.Taking a positive attitude towards life.B.Learning to give in.C.Sleeping as much as possible.D.Exerci

31、sing regularly.(3).In view of the basic principles of natural health care, which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：-0.20）A.Health means living in harmony with nature.B.Healing is a biological process.C.The same physiological laws govern the body in sickness and in health.D.There is no diff

32、erence between health and disease.(4).In Sheltons eyes, trying to convince intelligent people that man can return to health only on a basis of natural law_.（分数：-0.20）A.may prove difficultB.is impossibleC.will need a great deal of argumentD.should be easy(5).No rule of human conduct can be considered

33、 important in promoting the welfare of man unless_.（分数：-0.20）A.it has been turned into a lawB.it is in harmony with his natureC.it has nothing to do with his highest fitnessD.it disagrees with his highest idealsEuthanasia: a Heatedly Debated Topic “We mustnt delay any longer.?swallowing(吞咽) is diffi

34、cult.and breathing, thats also difficult. Those muscles are weakening too.we mustnt delay any longer.“ These were the words of Dutchman(荷兰人) Cees van wendel de Joode asking his doctor to help him die. Affected with a serious disease, van Vendel was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there w

35、as no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating. Van Venders last three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands. The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and ea

36、ch time it is shown, it starts a nationwide debate on the subject. The Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permits euthanasia (安乐死) , although it is not technically legal there. However, doctors who carry out euthanasia under strict guidelines introduced by the Dutch Parliament(议会) two y

37、ears ago are usually not prosecuted. The guidelines demand that the patient is experiencing extreme suffering, that there is no chance of a cure, and that the patient has made repeated requests for euthanasia. In addition to this, a second doctor must confirm(证实) that these criteria have been met an

38、d the death must be reported to the police department. Should doctors be allowed to take the live of others? Dr. Wilfred Van Oijen, Cees van Vendels doctor, explains how he looks at the question: “Well, its not as if I in planning to murder a crowd of people with a machine gun. In that case, killing

39、 is the worst thing I can imagine. But thats entirely different from my work as a doctor. I care for people and I try to ensure that they dont suffer too much. Thats very different thing. “ Many people, though, are totally against the practice of euthanasia. Dr. Andrew Ferguson, Chairman of the orga

40、nization Healthcare opposed to Euthanasia, says that “in the vast majority of euthanasia cases , what the patient is actually asking for is something else. They may want a health professional to open up communication for them with their loved ones or familytheres nearly always another question behin

41、d the question.“ Britain also has a strong tradition of hospicesspecial hospitals which care only for the dying and their special needs. Cicely Saunders, President of the National Hospice Council and a founder member of the hospice movement, argues that euthanasia doesnt take into account that there

42、 are ways of caring for the dying. She is also concerned that allowing euthanasia would undermine the need for care and consideration of a wide range of people; “Its very easy in society now for the elderly, the disabled (伤残的) and the dependent to feel that they are burdens, and therefore that they

43、ought to opt(脱离) out. I think that anything that legally allows the shortening of life does make those people more vulnerable (脆弱的).“ Many find this prohibition of an individuals right to the paternalistic (家长式的). Although they agree that life is important and should be respected, they feel that the

44、 quality of life should not be ignored. Dr. Van Oijen believes that people have the fundamental right to choose for themselves if they want to die: “What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people havent the right. And that when people are very ill, we are all afraid of t

45、heir death. But there are situations where death is a friend. And in those cases, why not?“ But “why not?“ is a question which might cause strong emotion. The film showing Cees Van Vendels death was both moving and sensitive. His doctor was clearly a family friend; his wife had only her husbands int

46、erests at heart. Some, however, would argue that it would be dangerous to use this particular example to support the case for euthanasia. Not all patients would receive such a high level of individual care and attention. （分数：-1.00）(1).Who is against euthanasia?（分数：-0.20）A.Dr. Wifred Van Oijen.B.Dr.

47、Andrew Ferguson.C.Cicely Saunders.D.Both B and C.(2).According to the guidelines introduced by the Dutch Parliament, when_,enthanasia can be carried out.（分数：-0.20）A.the patient or his relatives make repeated requests for euthanasiaB.the patient is affected with an infectious diseaseC.a second doctor

48、 is present and look on the processD.the patient suffers great pain(3).Dr. Wilfred Van Oijen may agree that_.（分数：-0.20）A.doctors have the right to take the lives of othersB.patients dont have the freedom to decide to end their livesC.life is important, but the quality of life is even more important

49、and should be improvedD.killing is a necessary part of a doctors work(4).The arguments against the practice of euthanasia include all the following except_.（分数：-0.20）A.when a patient asks for death, he/she may ask for something elseB.its paternalistic to deny an individual the right to dieC.allowing euthanasia may cut back the care and consideration for the elderly and disabledD.to practice euthanasia is to shorten a patients life on purpose(5).When the author says “But why not? is a question