托福-9 (1)及答案解析.doc
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1、托福-9 (1)及答案解析(总分:109.50,做题时间:90 分钟)一、READING(总题数:0,分数:0.00)二、Set 1(总题数:2,分数:6.00)Cultural Shock“Culture shock“ might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most ailments, it has its own symptoms and cure.Culture shock is precipitated by the anxie
2、ty that results from losing all our signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life; when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, w
3、hen to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not.Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed. He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded or full of goodwill you may be, a series of
4、props has been knocked out from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort. “The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad.“ When foreigners in a
5、 strange land get together to grouse about the host country and its people, you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock. Another phase of culture shock is regression. The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance. To the foreigner everything becomes irrationally glorified.
6、All the difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality.Individuals differ greatly in the degree in which culture shock affects them. (A) Although not common, there are individuals who cannot live in
7、 foreign countries. (B) During the first few weeks most individuals are fascinated by the new. (C) They stay in hotels and associate with nationals who speak their language and are polite and gracious to foreigners. (D) This honeymoon stage may last from a few days or weeks to six months, depending
8、on circumstances. If one is very important, he or she will be brought to visit the show places, will be pampered and petted, and in a press interview will speak glowingly about goodwill and international friendship.But this mentality does not normally last if the foreign visitor remains abroad and n
9、eeds to seriously cope with real conditions of life. It is then that the second stage begins, characterized by a hostile and aggressive attitude toward the host country. This hostility evidently grows out of the genuine difficulty which the visitor experiences in the process of adjustment. There are
10、 house troubles, transportation troubles, shopping troubles, and the fact that people in the host country are largely indifferent to all these troubles. They help, but they dont understand your great concern over these difficulties. Therefore, they must be insensitive and unsympathetic to you and yo
11、ur worries. The result, “I just dont like them.“ You become aggressive, you band together with others from your country and criticize the host country, its ways, and its people. But this criticism is not an objective appraisal.You take refuge in the colony of others from your country which often bec
12、omes the fountainhead of emotionally charged labels known as stereotypes. This is a peculiar kind of offensive shorthand which caricatures the host country and its people in a negative manner. The “dollar grasping American“ and the “indolent Latin American“ are samples of mild forms of stereotypes.
13、The second stage of culture shock is, in a sense, a crisis in the disease. If you come out of it, you leave before you reach the stage of a nervous breakdown.If visitors succeed in acquiring some knowledge of the language and begin to get around by themselves, they are beginning to open the way into
14、 the new cultural environment. Visitors still have difficulties but they take a “this is my problem and I have to bear it“ attitude. Usually in this stage visitors take a superior attitude to people of the host country. Their sense of humor begins to exert itself. Instead of criticizing, they joke a
15、bout the people and even crack jokes about their own difficulties. They are now on the way to recovery.(分数:5.50)(1).The word precipitated in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _.(分数:0.50)A.protectedB.detectedC.treatedD.caused(2).According to the passage, what should people do while visiting a fore
16、ign culture?(分数:0.50)A.To avoid culture shock.B.To joke about culture shock.C.To enjoy culture shock.D.To adjust to culture shock.(3).The signs or cues of culture shock given by the author involve all of the following EXCEPT _.(分数:0.50)A.when and how to give tipsB.when to take statements seriously a
17、nd when notC.how to treat sick and injured peopleD.how to go shopping and make purchases(4).The word grouse in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _.(分数:0.50)A.talkB.complainC.speakD.tell(5).According to the passage, when one is in the second stage of culture shock, one _.(分数:0.50)A.is polite and g
18、racious to foreignersB.makes jokes about the host cultureC.finds the native people unsympatheticD.enjoys the customs of the host culture(6).According to the passage, people in the host country are thought to be largely indifferent to visitors troubles, because _.(分数:0.50)A.they are insensitive and u
19、nsympatheticB.they are not fond of visitorsC.they do not mind others businessD.they consider the troubles not serious(7).According to the passage, what is the best way to cure him or her when one is experiencing a nervous breakdown because of culture shock?(分数:0.50)A.Referring him to see a good doct
20、or.B.Asking him to live with native people.C.Sending him back to his home culture.D.Letting him stay with people from his home cultur(8).The word caricature in Paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to(分数:0.50)A.drawB.mimicC.playD.recite(9).Which of the following can be inferred from the third stage of c
21、ulture shock about visitors activity?(分数:0.50)A.Visitors begin to learn some native language.B.Visitors begin to get around with people.C.Visitors begin to replace aggression with humor.D.Visitors begin to take a superior attitud(10).Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?(分数:0.50)A
22、.Culture shock can never be cured.B.Culture shock can be cured.C.Culture shock can be avoided.D.Culture shock is a physical ailment.(11).Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.However, those who have seen people go through culture shock and
23、on to a satisfactory adjustment can discern steps in the process.Where would the sentence best fit?(分数:0.50)A.Square .B.Square .C.Square .D.Square .1.Directions: Complete the table by matching the phrases below. Select the appropriate phrases from the answer choices and match them to the type of org
24、anism to which they relate. TWO of the answer choices will not be used. This question is worth 4 points./r/n /r/n People who are familiar with a foreign culture /r/n People who suffer from culture shock /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n Answer Choic
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- 托福 91 答案 解析 DOC