翻译及答案解析.doc

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1、翻译及答案解析(总分：25.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section A English-Ch(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or less extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of

2、sharing in tasks and in decisions make for equality, and this in return leads to further sharing. (1)In such a home the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather tha

3、n by the “battle of the sexes“.(2)If the process goes too far and mens role is regarded as less important-and that has happened in some eases-we are as badly off as before, only in reverse.It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting little tired of “monism“but w

4、e dont want to exchange it for a “neo-Popism“. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. (3)There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and tha

5、t they have decided that women should not receive all the credit-not all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a womans place is in the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze mans place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healt

6、hy development of the child.(4)The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.(5)Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the idea

7、l of equal rights and equal responsibilities is relevant not only to a healthy democracy, but also to a healthy family.（分数：5.00）_三、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：5.00)So far there have been discovered no limits to mans capacity to learn. (1)From earliest times, however, men in positions of power or influence

8、have suggested that the learning capacity of certain individuals or groups is severely limited and that they should not be expected to profit greatly, if at all, from education. These “ineducable“ individuals have usually been members of minority or disadvantaged groups. (2)But, repeatedly, when the

9、ir cultural disadvantages have been removed, these groups have shown that their previous failure to learn has been due not to incapacity but to lack of fully realized opportunity.These findings have led educators to be much more modest and less hasty in their labelling and classifying procedures. (3

10、)It has been realized that labels affixed to children tend to become self- fulfilling prophecies, that those who are expected to learn usually do so, and those who are expected to fail to learn also usually do so. Hence, when educators try to classify children at all, they increasingly tend to use t

11、heir labels as temporary rather than permanent, as saying something only about a quality of the child rather than about his person, and as something to be abandoned as soon as the childs performance proves the label wrong.(4)Similarly, no one has been able to confirm any certain limits to the speed

12、with which man can learn. Schools and universities have usually been organized as if to suggest that all students learn at about the same rather tedious and regular speed. But, whenever the actual rates at which different people learn have been tested, nothing has been found to justify such an organ

13、ization. (5) Not only do individuals learn at vastly different speeds and in different ways, but man seems capable of astonishing feats of rapid learning when the attendant circumstances are favorable. It seems that, in customary educational settings, one habitually uses only a tiny fraction of ones

14、 learning capacities.（分数：5.00）_四、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：5.00)It is not unusual for college students to marry. (1)Often, the college years present young adults with two things they have never had before-intimate sexual experience and freedom both of which make marriage look attractive. The unrestrict

15、ed atmosphere of college life often leads students into their first in-depth sexual experiences. (2)These experiences can be so overwhelming that both partners seek a more permanent attachment, realizing that the world now treats them as adults and that they are perfectly free to marry whenever they

16、 want.Unfortunately, many college marriages do not last. Age is an important factor. Women who marry before they are 19 and men who marry before the age of 21 have the smallest possible chance of staying married. Marriages that take place when the partners are in their mid-twenties to early thirties

17、 are the ones most likely to succeed. It is not hard to recognize the reasons. The same freedom that leads younger college students into marriage can work against them. (3)Once the novelty of being married wears off, college-age newlyweds find they lack the freedom to engage in all the social activi

18、ties their friends are enjoying. Whereas others are free to go out for the evening-or go away for a week-at a moments notice, the newlyweds are tied to a schedule. Their friends may have years of freedom ahead of them, but the newlyweds are already committed to the responsibilities of marriage.(4)Of

19、ten, college students lack the maturity necessary to refine their needs and desires to those of another person. This can put a further strain on the marriage as both parties argue over choice of activities, how money should be spent, and so on. And this comes at a time when both are learning about a

20、dult life and getting to know what kind of people they will be “when they grow up.“Financial strains can also be a problem. In some cases, one partner will put aside her or his studies to help the other finish school. In the short term, this may seem like a good idea; but in the long term, it can be

21、 an extremely divisive force. (5)For example, one partner may complete training to be a doctor, but the other has not had the chance to train for a professional career because he or she has been providing the couples income. Suddenly, the couple find they have few interests in common.（分数：5.00）_五、Pas

22、sage Four(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The final step of SQ3R is revision. Revision should not be regarded as something to be undertaken just before examinations. (1)One of the most practical results of memory experiments is that material that has to be retained over long periods should be studied and re-studied.

23、Memories become stronger and stronger with each relearning, and forgetting proceeds more slowly.Common experience suggests that the details of what we learn fade very quickly, often within the first hour or so. (2)Indeed, in listening to an hours lecture much of the early part of the lecture may hav

24、e been forgotten well before the end-so that experienced teachers repeat and recapitulate the important points of their lectures at the end. To prevent the sudden and catastrophic loss which takes place so early, early revision is required. That means going over the lecture or piece of work again as

25、 soon as possible afterwards, thinking about it, or discussing it with others or applying the facts and knowledge in some practical exercises. (3)You should certainly go over your notes of lectures, work periods and experiments the very same day-even if it is only for a few minutes.(4)If you feel th

26、at merely going over the work again is too tedious an exercise, read another account of the same subject in another textbook, expanding your notes by additions and comments; for this purpose write your notes on one side of the paper only, to leave room for these additions.In revision before examinat

27、ions you should pay particular attention to the earlier material you have learnt, as more of it will have been forgotten. You should leave yourself time to go over all the material you have covered. (5)Studies have shown that subjective estimates of strengths and weaknesses are often at fault. You a

28、re often weak on material which you are confident you know well. Active revision, and a few attempts at answering old examination questions should give you a better idea of where your true strength and weaknesses lie.（分数：5.00）_六、Section B Chinese-En(总题数：5，分数：5.00)1.爆炸力相当强大，方圆二十英里的树木均被炸毁。（分数：1.00）_2.

29、依我之见，当局应采取更严厉的措来保护环境。（分数：1.00）_3.在任何情况下，我们都不会把你的好意当作理所当然。（分数：1.00）_4.他放弃出国的机会，这可真奇怪。（分数：1.00）_5.尽管她很聪明，洞察力却不怎么样。（分数：1.00）_翻译答案解析(总分：25.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section A English-Ch(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many

30、household tasks are shared to a greater or less extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions make for equality, and this in return leads to further sharing. (1)In such a home the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more eas

31、ily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the “battle of the sexes“.(2)If the process goes too far and mens role is regarded as less important-and that has happened in some eases-we are as badly off as before, only i

32、n reverse.It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting little tired of “monism“but we dont want to exchange it for a “neo-Popism“. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. (3)There are signs that psychia

33、trists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit-not all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a womans place is in the home. We are beginning, however, t

34、o analyze mans place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.(4)The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving i

35、ts own problems.(5)Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is relevant not only to a healthy democracy, but also to a healthy family.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：(在这样家庭成长的子女会比他们的父母更容易接受平等，同时，会对两性合作而非“两性争斗”的世

36、界做好更充分的准备。)解析：_正确答案：(如果这一步走得过远，把男性的作用看作是次要的在一些情况下这样的事情的确发生了我们其实和从前一样糟糕，只不过隋形相反而已。)解析：_正确答案：(有些迹象表明精神病专家、心理学家、社会工作者以及家庭方面专家越来越意识到男性角色的重要，他们并且决定不应将所有荣誉都归功于女性当然也不应将所有责任都归咎于女性。)解析：_正确答案：(家庭是一个合作的场所，在这里很难制定出规则，因为每个家庭都需要探索出解决自己问题的独特方法。)解析：_正确答案：(无论是男人还是女人，过度的权威都会导致不幸的结局。权利平等、义务平等的思想不仅与健全的民主有关，还与健康的家庭息息相关。

37、)解析：三、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：5.00)So far there have been discovered no limits to mans capacity to learn. (1)From earliest times, however, men in positions of power or influence have suggested that the learning capacity of certain individuals or groups is severely limited and that they should not be ex

38、pected to profit greatly, if at all, from education. These “ineducable“ individuals have usually been members of minority or disadvantaged groups. (2)But, repeatedly, when their cultural disadvantages have been removed, these groups have shown that their previous failure to learn has been due not to

39、 incapacity but to lack of fully realized opportunity.These findings have led educators to be much more modest and less hasty in their labelling and classifying procedures. (3)It has been realized that labels affixed to children tend to become self- fulfilling prophecies, that those who are expected

40、 to learn usually do so, and those who are expected to fail to learn also usually do so. Hence, when educators try to classify children at all, they increasingly tend to use their labels as temporary rather than permanent, as saying something only about a quality of the child rather than about his person, and as something to be abandoned as soon as the childs performance proves the label wrong.(4)Similarly, no one has been able to confirm any certain limits to the speed with which man can learn. Schools and universities have usually been organized as if to suggest that all