大学英语四级分类模拟题498及答案解析.doc

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1、大学英语四级分类模拟题 498 及答案解析(总分：118.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：17.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, “ Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. I“ve done it hundred

2、s of times .“ You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. （分数：17.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Until the invention of the modern washing machine, most people washed their clothes by hand. In the 20th century, however, washing machine became c

3、ommon, and washing clothes became much easier. Washing machines, though, have some serious disadvantages. One is that they need a great deal of clean water. Another is that, in many countries, hot water is used in the machines. This consumes a lot of energy. In the United Kingdom, for example, about

4、 one-third of household energy is used for heating water, including that used to wash clothes. Now, a British company has invented a washing machine that solves these problems by using small plastic beads to absorb dirt and clean the clothes. First, a little water is added to the clothes to get them

5、 wet. Then, the beads are mixed with the clothes until they have taken away all the dirt and stains. When the process is over, the little beads are removed by the machine, and the clothes are left almost dry. Because the beads can be used over and over, the machine costs very little to operate. The

6、new machine is based on the research of Stephen Burkinshaw, a chemist at the University of Leeds in the U.K. For a long time, Burkinshaw has been studying ways to make plastic materials a different color. A few years ago, he noticed that many kinds of plastic, especially nylon, attract dirt in warm

7、and wet conditions, the surface of the nylon remains clean. For this reason, beads made of nylon can be used repeatedly until they are completely full of dirt. The new washing machine can save households a great deal of the money they spend on water and energy. At the same time, the machines are ver

8、y good for the environment. The United States, for example, uses 1.25 billion metric tons of water on washing clothes every year. If the new machines were adopted there, 90 percent of this water could be saved. The saving of electricity, meanwhile, would help decrease the amount of carbon dioxide pr

9、oduced by power plants. For these reasons, the company is hoping that its new “waterless“ washing machines will be widely used in the future.（分数：10.00）(1).What is one problem with the washing machines used in many countries?（分数：2.00）A.Many people de not have enough money to buy one.B.They consume on

10、e-third of the water used in homes.C.A lot of energy is required to heat the water they use.D.They do not get clothes as clean as washing by hand.(2).The small plastic beads used by the new washing machine _.（分数：2.00）A.are separated from the clothes when the cleaning process has finishedB.contain en

11、ough water and energy to wash the clothesC.stop the clothes from being damaged while they are being washedD.must be taken out to be cleaned each time the machine is used(3).What did Stephen Burkinshaw learn about nylon?（分数：2.00）A.It absorbs dirt from other objects in certain conditions.B.It causes o

12、ther plastic objects to stick to wet clothes.C.It can be made into clothes that can be washed very easily.D.It changes color when it comes into contact with dirty clothes.(4).What is one reason the new washing machines may be good for the environment?（分数：2.00）A.People who use them would wash their c

13、lothes less often.B.They could reduce the amount of carbon dioxide being released.C.The plastic beads from them can be used for other purposes.D.The water in them is recycled over and over until it is dirty.(5).Which of the following statements is true?（分数：2.00）A.Burkinshaw“s research has already he

14、lped the United States to save a lot of water.B.Burkinshaw“s research was originally about ways to change the color of plastic materials.C.The new machines can wash clothes more quickly than ordinary washing machines.D.The new machines are better at washing nylon clothes than those made from other m

15、aterials.五、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Most people don“t leave their front door unlocked, and the same is true of their home Wi-Fi networks. But some believe that preventing access to your wireless Interact actually does more harm than good. Peter Eckersley of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, an o

16、rganisation devoted to defending digital rights, is calling for an “Open Wireless Movement“ and encouraging people to be “socially responsible“ by sharing their connection. Eckersley compares the current situation of locked-down networks to “finding yourself thirsty while everyone around you is sipp

17、ing from nice tall glasses of iced water“, and offers a technological solution. We restrict access to our networks for two reasons: to prevent other people from using up our bandwidth, and to ensure our security. He suggests we can still protect ourselves from both problems by using routers (路由器) th

18、at share a certain amount of bandwidth in the open while also providing an encrypted (加密的) connection for personal use, but such technology already exists, and people aren“t choosing to use it. Perhaps the problem is not technological, but legal, as home users don“t want to be responsible for the ac

19、tivities of others on their network. Quite understandable, really. But Eckersley says that “individuals can enjoy the same legal protections against responsibility as any other Internet access provider“, but the law is far from clear in this area and differs from country to country. In a footnote on

20、 his article, Eckersley says US law “may“ offer protection, but that didn“t prevent a man who left his network open from being called a paedophile (恋童癖者) by armed police in his living room this past weekend. Courts in Germany have previously ruled that people can be fined if they allow unauthorised

21、users to access illegal materials through their connection, while in the UK disputes over recent changes to the law leave the matter uncertain. Perhaps these legal concerns can be overcome by turning to an unlikely role-modelEstonia, where access to the Internet is a legal human right. The country i

22、s blanketed in a network of free Wi-Fi access points in cafs, bars and other public locations, allowing people to easily get online almost anywhere. So who wants to open up their network first?（分数：71.00）(1).What does the author say about the Electronic Frontier Foundation?（分数：14.20）A.It encourages p

23、eople to share their networks.B.Its work is about protecting digital rights.C.It is advocating an “Open Wireless Movement“.D.Its main business is trading electronics.(2).One reason leading most people to lock their network is_.（分数：14.20）A.their lack of social responsibilitiesB.the lack of technologi

24、cal supportC.their concerns about securityD.the slow speed of the shared network(3).What can be inferred from Eckersley“s words “individuals.Internet access provider“ (Lines 2-3, Para. 4)?（分数：14.20）A.Laws protect home users of Internet from responsibilities.B.Internet access providers take no respon

25、sibility for their users“ illegal activities.C.Home users enjoy the same rights as Internet access providers.D.It is Internet access providers who should be responsible for their users“ activities.(4).What information can be got about Estonia from the passage?（分数：14.20）A.It restricts free access to

26、Internet.B.Free Wi-Fi is set up all over the country.C.It is impossible for other countries to follow its suit.D.Its people can get free Wi-Fi access almost everywhere.(5).What does the passage mainly talk about?（分数：14.20）A.The benefit of sharing networks with other users.B.The best way to protect o

27、ne“s security on shared networks.C.Should you share your Wi-Fi connection with others?D.Why do home users need legal protection against responsibility?六、Part Translation(总题数：1，分数：20.00)2.十二生肖十二生肖(the twelve Chinese Zodiacs)是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，它们源于自然界的 11 种动物和一个民族图腾(totem)。十二生肖代表动物的性格特点各不相同。到了龙年或虎年，人们常说“生

28、龙活虎”；马年人们会说“马到成功”；猪在中国人的眼里是“宝”的意思；牛是勤劳(diligence)的象征，这一点在鲁迅的诗句“俯首甘为孺子牛”中有着完美的体现。 （分数：20.00）_大学英语四级分类模拟题 498 答案解析(总分：118.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：17.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the

29、humorous saying, “ Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. I“ve done it hundreds of times .“ You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. （分数：17.00）_正确答案：()解析：Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong WillIt is known to us all that where there is a will, there is a way. A pers

30、on can probably accomplish nothing without a strong will. We can“t deny that sometimes people can reach a goal by playing tricks; however, that definitely won“t last long. People with strong wills cannot be defeated by difficulties easily and they will never give up until they succeed. Take Nobel, t

31、he inventor of explosive, as an example, before inventing explosive he took thousands of explosion experiments. We can name quite a lot of famous people like Nobel, but we can also list some people like the “smoking quitters“. To them, making a plan is so easy as they don“t have to keep it. Therefor

32、e, they will never realize it. To sum up, a strong will is an important character people should cultivate since it plays a key role in people“s success. The resolute make resolutions once and for all; the irresolute keep making resolutions all for once. To be the winner, try to be the resolute.二、Par

33、t Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Until the invention of the modern washing machine, most people washed their clothes by hand. In the 20th century, however, washing machine became common, and washing clothes became much easier. Washing machines, though, have some serious dis

34、advantages. One is that they need a great deal of clean water. Another is that, in many countries, hot water is used in the machines. This consumes a lot of energy. In the United Kingdom, for example, about one-third of household energy is used for heating water, including that used to wash clothes.

35、 Now, a British company has invented a washing machine that solves these problems by using small plastic beads to absorb dirt and clean the clothes. First, a little water is added to the clothes to get them wet. Then, the beads are mixed with the clothes until they have taken away all the dirt and s

36、tains. When the process is over, the little beads are removed by the machine, and the clothes are left almost dry. Because the beads can be used over and over, the machine costs very little to operate. The new machine is based on the research of Stephen Burkinshaw, a chemist at the University of Lee

37、ds in the U.K. For a long time, Burkinshaw has been studying ways to make plastic materials a different color. A few years ago, he noticed that many kinds of plastic, especially nylon, attract dirt in warm and wet conditions, the surface of the nylon remains clean. For this reason, beads made of nyl

38、on can be used repeatedly until they are completely full of dirt. The new washing machine can save households a great deal of the money they spend on water and energy. At the same time, the machines are very good for the environment. The United States, for example, uses 1.25 billion metric tons of w

39、ater on washing clothes every year. If the new machines were adopted there, 90 percent of this water could be saved. The saving of electricity, meanwhile, would help decrease the amount of carbon dioxide produced by power plants. For these reasons, the company is hoping that its new “waterless“ wash

40、ing machines will be widely used in the future.（分数：10.00）(1).What is one problem with the washing machines used in many countries?（分数：2.00）A.Many people de not have enough money to buy one.B.They consume one-third of the water used in homes.C.A lot of energy is required to heat the water they use. D

41、.They do not get clothes as clean as washing by hand.解析：解析 细节题。根据文章第一段中.have some serious disadvantages. One is that.Another is that, in many countries, hot water is used in the machines. This consumes a lot of energy. 可知洗衣机有两个主要缺点：一个是需要大量水资源，另一个是在很多国家，洗衣服要用热水，这就需要消耗很多能源。故选 C。(2).The small plastic b

42、eads used by the new washing machine _.（分数：2.00）A.are separated from the clothes when the cleaning process has finished B.contain enough water and energy to wash the clothesC.stop the clothes from being damaged while they are being washedD.must be taken out to be cleaned each time the machine is use

43、d解析：解析 细节题。作者在文中第二段倒数第二句提到 When the process is over, the little beads are removed by the machine 即洗衣过程结束后，beads 会与衣服分离。故选 A。(3).What did Stephen Burkinshaw learn about nylon?（分数：2.00）A.It absorbs dirt from other objects in certain conditions. B.It causes other plastic objects to stick to wet clothes

44、.C.It can be made into clothes that can be washed very easily.D.It changes color when it comes into contact with dirty clothes.解析：解析 细节题。文章第三段指出.nylon, attract dirt in warm and wet conditions.故答案为 A。(4).What is one reason the new washing machines may be good for the environment?（分数：2.00）A.People who

45、 use them would wash their clothes less often.B.They could reduce the amount of carbon dioxide being released. C.The plastic beads from them can be used for other purposes.D.The water in them is recycled over and over until it is dirty.解析：解析 细节题。短文最后一段指出 The saving of electricity, meanwhile, would h

46、elp decrease the amount of carbon dioxide produced by power plants. 即这种新型洗衣机节约电能，这样发电厂排出的二氧化碳就会减少，从而保护了环境。故答案为 B。(5).Which of the following statements is true?（分数：2.00）A.Burkinshaw“s research has already helped the United States to save a lot of water.B.Burkinshaw“s research was originally about way

47、s to change the color of plastic materials. C.The new machines can wash clothes more quickly than ordinary washing machines.D.The new machines are better at washing nylon clothes than those made from other materials.解析：解析 细节题。根据短文第三段中 Burkinshaw has been studying ways to make plastic materials a dif

48、ferent color 可知选项 B 正确。根据最后一段 If the new machines were adopted there, 90 percent of this water could be saved. 可知选项 A 不正确；选项 C、D 在文中没有提及。故选 B。五、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Most people don“t leave their front door unlocked, and the same is true of their home Wi-Fi networks. But some believe that preventing access to your wireless Interact actually does more harm than good. Peter Eckersley of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, an organisation devoted to defending digital rights, is calling for an “Open Wireless Movement“ and encouraging people to be “socially responsible“ by sharing the